The construct consists of a 2.7 Mbp yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) sequence containing the full-length 2.3 Mbp human dystrophin gene (DMD) and a hygromycin resistance cassette on one end and a neomycin resistance cassette on the other. Spheroplast fusion of YAC-containing yeast cells with murine (DBA2 x 129OLA)F1-derived embryonic stem (ES) cells resulted in ES cells with the integration of the transgene as a tail to tail duplication into mouse chromosome 5. Analysis by Western blot and human-specific antibody demonstrated the presence of full length protein at the sarcolemma. (J:132320)