In ES cells that were homozygous for Hbatm1(HBA)Tow and Hbbtm2(HBG1,HBB*)Tow the human gamma chain and beta chain containing the sickle cell mutation (an A to T transversion in the sixth codon) were replaced with the human gamma chain, beta chain (lacking the sickle cell mutation) and 383 bp of sequence flanking the gamma chain. Cre-mediated recombination removed the floxed hygro cassette. (J:134980)