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The first true monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP1) is the result of the stepwise directed evolution of DsRed; introducing 33 amino acid substitutions selecting for improved performance and developmental neutrality. The mRFP1 coding sequence was placed under control of the chicken beta actin promoter and cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early enhancer combination, designed to drive high-level constitutive gene expression in ES cells, embryos and adult mice. The construct (CAG-mRFP1) was electroporated into (129X1/SvJ x 129S1/Sv)F1-derived R1 embryonic stem (ES) cells. Mice hemizygous for the transgene exhibit robust and widespread expression of monomeric red fluorescent protein-1 (mRFP1) in embryonic stem cells, embryos, and adults. (J:104237)
Basic Information
Allele
Strain of Origin
Allele Type
Mutation
Inheritance
Gene Expression
Related Disease
Reference
Phenotypes
Legend：
hm: homozygous
ht: heterozygous
cn: conditional genotype
cx: complex: > 1 genome feature
tg: involves transgenes
ot: other: hemizygous, indeterminate,...
(F): Female
(M): Male
phenotype observed
N: normal phenotype
(#): related diseases count
Phenotypes：
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References Literature
Title
PMID
Journal
Year
IF
