Enables NAD binding activity; ethanol binding activity; and oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor. Involved in several processes, including acetaldehyde biosynthetic process; ethanol oxidation; and response to progesterone. Located in cytosol. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in alcohol use disorder; late onset Parkinson's disease; and pancreatic cancer. Orthologous to human ADH1A (alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide); ADH1B (alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide); and ADH1C (alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]