Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Microcephaly, Seizures, and Cortical Atrophy, also known as ndmsca, is related to microcephaly and combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 2. An important gene associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Microcephaly, Seizures, and Cortical Atrophy is VARS1 (Valyl-TRNA Synthetase 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways is tRNA Aminoacylation. Affiliated tissues include brain and eye, and related phenotypes are intellectual disability and hypotonia