LOCUS       NM_203335                757 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 03-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1
            (Vkorc1), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_203335 XM_219366
VERSION     NM_203335.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 757)
  AUTHORS   Yigit,N., Duman,M.T., Cetinturk,D., Saygili-Yigit,F., Colak,E. and
            Colak,R.
  TITLE     Vkorc1 gene polymorphisms confer resistance to anticoagulant
            rodenticide in Turkish rats
  JOURNAL   PeerJ 11, e15055 (2023)
   PUBMED   37151288
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Vkorc1 gene polymorphisms confer resistance to
            anticoagulant rodenticide in Turkish rats.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 757)
  AUTHORS   Krijger,I.M., Strating,M., van Gent-Pelzer,M., van der Lee,T.A.J.,
            Burt,S.A., Schroeten,F.H., de Vries,R., de Cock,M., Maas,M. and
            Meerburg,B.G.
  TITLE     Large-scale identification of rodenticide resistance in Rattus
            norvegicus and Mus musculus in the Netherlands based on Vkorc1
            codon 139 mutations
  JOURNAL   Pest Manag Sci 79 (3), 989-995 (2023)
   PUBMED   36309944
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Large-scale identification of rodenticide resistance in
            Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus in the Netherlands based on
            Vkorc1 codon 139 mutations.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 757)
  AUTHORS   Bermejo-Nogales,A., Rodriguez Martin,J.A., Coll,J. and Navas,J.M.
  TITLE     VKORC1 single nucleotide polymorphisms in rodents in Spain
  JOURNAL   Chemosphere 308 (Pt 1), 136021 (2022)
   PUBMED   35970209
  REMARK    GeneRIF: VKORC1 single nucleotide polymorphisms in rodents in
            Spain.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 757)
  AUTHORS   Damin-Pernik,M., Hammed,A., Giraud,L., Goulois,J., Benoit,E. and
            Lattard,V.
  TITLE     Distribution of non-synonymous Vkorc1 mutations in roof rats
            (Rattus rattus) in France and in Spain - consequences for
            management
  JOURNAL   Pestic Biochem Physiol 183, 105052 (2022)
   PUBMED   35430058
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Distribution of non-synonymous Vkorc1 mutations in roof
            rats (Rattus rattus) in France and in Spain - consequences for
            management.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 757)
  AUTHORS   Chua,C., Humaidi,M., Neves,E.S., Mailepessov,D., Ng,L.C. and Aik,J.
  TITLE     VKORC1 mutations in rodent populations of a tropical city-state as
            an indicator of anticoagulant rodenticide resistance
  JOURNAL   Sci Rep 12 (1), 4553 (2022)
   PUBMED   35296766
  REMARK    GeneRIF: VKORC1 mutations in rodent populations of a tropical
            city-state as an indicator of anticoagulant rodenticide resistance.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 757)
  AUTHORS   Rost,S., Fregin,A., Ivaskevicius,V., Conzelmann,E., Hortnagel,K.,
            Pelz,H.J., Lappegard,K., Seifried,E., Scharrer,I., Tuddenham,E.G.,
            Muller,C.R., Strom,T.M. and Oldenburg,J.
  TITLE     Mutations in VKORC1 cause warfarin resistance and multiple
            coagulation factor deficiency type 2
  JOURNAL   Nature 427 (6974), 537-541 (2004)
   PUBMED   14765194
  REMARK    GeneRIF: identified, by using linkage information from three
            species the gene VKORC1 which encodes a small transmembrane protein
            of the endoplasmic reticulum; VKORC1 contains missense mutations in
            both human disorders and in a warfarin-resistant rat strain
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 757)
  AUTHORS   Wilson,C.R., Sauer,J.M., Carlson,G.P., Wallin,R., Ward,M.P. and
            Hooser,S.B.
  TITLE     Species comparison of vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide reductase activity in
            vitro: kinetics and warfarin inhibition
  JOURNAL   Toxicology 189 (3), 191-198 (2003)
   PUBMED   12832152
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 757)
  AUTHORS   Begent,L.A., Hill,A.P., Steventon,G.B., Hutt,A.J., Pallister,C.J.
            and Cowell,D.C.
  TITLE     Characterization and purification of the vitamin K1 2,3 epoxide
            reductases system from rat liver
  JOURNAL   J Pharm Pharmacol 53 (4), 481-486 (2001)
   PUBMED   11341364
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 757)
  AUTHORS   Silverman,R.B. and Nandi,D.L.
  TITLE     Effect of N-ethylmaleimide on beef and rat liver vitamin K1 epoxide
            reductase
  JOURNAL   J Enzyme Inhib 3 (4), 289-294 (1990)
   PUBMED   2319331
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 757)
  AUTHORS   Matsubara,T., Touchi,A., Harauchi,T., Takano,K. and Yoshizaki,T.
  TITLE     Depression of liver microsomal vitamin K epoxide reductase activity
            associated with antibiotic-induced coagulopathy
  JOURNAL   Biochem Pharmacol 38 (16), 2693-2701 (1989)
   PUBMED   2764989
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from CB314647.1, AY423047.1 and
            AW253787.1.
            
            On or before Mar 30, 2004 this sequence version replaced
            XM_219366.2, NM_203335.1.
            
            Summary: Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting but must be
            enzymatically activated. This enzymatically activated form of
            vitamin K is a reduced form required for the carboxylation of
            glutamic acid residues in some blood-clotting proteins. The product
            of this gene encodes the enzyme that is responsible for reducing
            vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to the enzymatically activated form. Fatal
            bleeding can be caused by vitamin K deficiency and by the vitamin K
            antagonist warfarin, and it is the product of this gene that is
            sensitive to warfarin. In humans, mutations in this gene can be
            associated with deficiencies in vitamin-K-dependent clotting
            factors and, in humans and rats, with warfarin resistance.
            [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: FQ210919.1, EV779143.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMD00132261, SAMD00132262
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-17                CB314647.1         17-33
            18-512              AY423047.1         1-495
            513-757             AW253787.1         1-245               c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..757
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="1"
                     /map="1q37"
     gene            1..757
                     /gene="Vkorc1"
                     /note="vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:309004"
                     /db_xref="RGD:1303107"
     exon            1..195
                     /gene="Vkorc1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             23..508
                     /gene="Vkorc1"
                     /EC_number="1.17.4.4"
                     /note="vitamin K1 epoxide reductase (warfarin-sensitive);
                     phylloquinone epoxide reductase; vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide
                     reductase subunit 1; Warfarin resistance"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1"
                     /protein_id="NP_976080.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:309004"
                     /db_xref="RGD:1303107"
                     /translation="MGTTWRSPGRLRLALCLAGLALSLYALHVKAARARNEDYRALCD
                     VGTAISCSRVFSSRWGRGFGLVEHVLGADSILNQSNSIFGCMFYTIQLLLGCLRGRWA
                     SILLILSSLVSVAGSLYLAWILFFVLYDFCIVCITTYAINAGLMLLSFQKVPEHKVKK
                     P"
     exon            196..305
                     /gene="Vkorc1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            306..742
                     /gene="Vkorc1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      719..724
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Vkorc1"
     polyA_site      742
                     /gene="Vkorc1"
ORIGIN      
        1 gtgtctgcgc tgtactgtcg acatgggcac cacctggagg agccctggac gtttgcggct
       61 tgcactatgc ctcgctggcc tagccctctc actgtacgca ctgcacgtga aggcggcgcg
      121 cgcccgcaat gaggattacc gcgcgctctg cgacgtgggc acggccatca gctgttcccg
      181 cgtcttctcc tctcggtggg gccggggctt tgggctggtg gagcatgtgt taggagctga
      241 cagcatcctc aaccaatcca acagcatatt tggttgcatg ttctacacca tacagctgtt
      301 gttaggttgc ttgaggggac gttgggcctc tatcctactg atcctgagtt ccctggtgtc
      361 tgtcgctggt tctctgtacc tggcctggat cctgttcttt gtcctgtatg atttctgcat
      421 tgtttgcatc accacctatg ccatcaatgc gggcctgatg ttgcttagct tccagaaggt
      481 gccagaacac aaggtcaaaa agccctgagg tcccacctca tgccaggctg acatgacttg
      541 ctttgcctta gcacatgagc cttgcccaag tgtatcgtgt gtgggtccct aaaaggccct
      601 atcaccctca ttcaaacacc cctctataac cacacacaga aaaatgacca aatgtgcctc
      661 taggttctgt ccccattggg ctgctttctg ctattggtca aagagaagga ttttgaacaa
      721 taaatttttc tatgttggtc aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaa
//
