LOCUS       NM_022584               2011 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 27-MAY-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus thioredoxin reductase 2 (Txnrd2), mRNA; nuclear
            gene for mitochondrial product.
ACCESSION   NM_022584
VERSION     NM_022584.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2011)
  AUTHORS   Liu,X., Hong,E., Xie,J., Li,J., Ding,B., Chen,Y., Xia,Z., Jiang,W.,
            Lv,H., Yang,B. and Chen,Y.
  TITLE     Txnrd2 Attenuates Early Brain Injury by Inhibition of Oxidative
            Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via Trx2/Prx3 Pathway after
            Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats
  JOURNAL   Neuroscience 545, 158-170 (2024)
   PUBMED   38513765
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Txnrd2 Attenuates Early Brain Injury by Inhibition of
            Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via Trx2/Prx3
            Pathway after Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2011)
  AUTHORS   Hlavacova,M., Gumulec,J., Stracina,T., Fojtu,M., Raudenska,M.,
            Masarik,M., Novakova,M. and Paulova,H.
  TITLE     Different doxorubicin formulations affect plasma
            4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and gene expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase
            3A1 and thioredoxin reductase 2 in rat
  JOURNAL   Physiol Res 64 (Suppl 5), S653-S660 (2015)
   PUBMED   26674287
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Different doxorubicin formulations decreased liver
            expression of TXNRD2.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2011)
  AUTHORS   Bobba,A., Casalino,E., Petragallo,V.A. and Atlante,A.
  TITLE     Thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system involvement in cerebellar
            granule cell apoptosis
  JOURNAL   Apoptosis 19 (10), 1497-1508 (2014)
   PUBMED   25055978
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Active TrxR1 and TrxR2 are required for cerebellar granule
            cell survival.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2011)
  AUTHORS   Prasad,R., Chan,L.F., Hughes,C.R., Kaski,J.P., Kowalczyk,J.C.,
            Savage,M.O., Peters,C.J., Nathwani,N., Clark,A.J., Storr,H.L. and
            Metherell,L.A.
  TITLE     Thioredoxin Reductase 2 (TXNRD2) mutation associated with familial
            glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD)
  JOURNAL   J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99 (8), E1556-E1563 (2014)
   PUBMED   24601690
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2011)
  AUTHORS   Fisher-Wellman,K.H., Mattox,T.A., Thayne,K., Katunga,L.A., La
            Favor,J.D., Neufer,P.D., Hickner,R.C., Wingard,C.J. and
            Anderson,E.J.
  TITLE     Novel role for thioredoxin reductase-2 in mitochondrial redox
            adaptations to obesogenic diet and exercise in heart and skeletal
            muscle
  JOURNAL   J Physiol 591 (14), 3471-3486 (2013)
   PUBMED   23613536
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Upregulation of thioredoxin reductase-2 plays a critical
            role in preserving the mitochondrial redox status in the heart and
            skeletal muscle with exercise.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2011)
  AUTHORS   Conrad,M., Jakupoglu,C., Moreno,S.G., Lippl,S., Banjac,A.,
            Schneider,M., Beck,H., Hatzopoulos,A.K., Just,U., Sinowatz,F.,
            Schmahl,W., Chien,K.R., Wurst,W., Bornkamm,G.W. and Brielmeier,M.
  TITLE     Essential role for mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase in
            hematopoiesis, heart development, and heart function
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell Biol 24 (21), 9414-9423 (2004)
   PUBMED   15485910
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2011)
  AUTHORS   Sun,Q.A., Zappacosta,F., Factor,V.M., Wirth,P.J., Hatfield,D.L. and
            Gladyshev,V.N.
  TITLE     Heterogeneity within animal thioredoxin reductases. Evidence for
            alternative first exon splicing
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 276 (5), 3106-3114 (2001)
   PUBMED   11060283
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2011)
  AUTHORS   Kawai,H., Ota,T., Suzuki,F. and Tatsuka,M.
  TITLE     Molecular cloning of mouse thioredoxin reductases
  JOURNAL   Gene 242 (1-2), 321-330 (2000)
   PUBMED   10721726
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2011)
  AUTHORS   Miranda-Vizuete,A., Damdimopoulos,A.E., Pedrajas,J.R.,
            Gustafsson,J.A. and Spyrou,G.
  TITLE     Human mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase cDNA cloning, expression
            and genomic organization
  JOURNAL   Eur J Biochem 261 (2), 405-412 (1999)
   PUBMED   10215850
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2011)
  AUTHORS   Lee,S.R., Kim,J.R., Kwon,K.S., Yoon,H.W., Levine,R.L., Ginsburg,A.
            and Rhee,S.G.
  TITLE     Molecular cloning and characterization of a mitochondrial
            selenocysteine-containing thioredoxin reductase from rat liver
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 274 (8), 4722-4734 (1999)
   PUBMED   9988709
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from JAXUCZ010000011.1 and
            BC085734.1.
            
            On Jun 29, 2017 this sequence version replaced NM_022584.2.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine
            nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the
            thioredoxin (Trx) system. Three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR)
            isozymes are found in mammals. TrxRs are selenocysteine-containing
            flavoenzymes, which reduce thioredoxins, as well as other
            substrates, and play a key role in redox homoeostasis. This gene
            encodes a mitochondrial form important for scavenging reactive
            oxygen species in mitochondria. It functions as a homodimer
            containing FAD, and selenocysteine (Sec) at the active site. Sec is
            encoded by UGA codon that normally signals translation termination.
            The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop
            structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is
            necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as
            a stop signal. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2017].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC085734.1, AF072865.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMEA5760383,
                                           SAMEA5760386 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            gene product(s) localized to mito. :: PMID: 9988709
            NMD candidate                      :: PMID: 9988709
            protein contains selenocysteine    :: PMID: 9988709
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on single
                                                  protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-22                JAXUCZ010000011.1  96072454-96072475   c
            23-2011             BC085734.1         1-1989
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2011
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="BN"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="11"
                     /map="11q23"
     gene            1..2011
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /note="thioredoxin reductase 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:50551"
                     /db_xref="RGD:61960"
     exon            1..140
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             29..1609
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /EC_number="1.8.1.9"
                     /note="UGA stop codon recoded as selenocysteine;
                     thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial; thioredoxin
                     reductase TR3"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /transl_except=(pos:1601..1603,aa:Sec)
                     /product="thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial
                     precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_072106.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:50551"
                     /db_xref="RGD:61960"
                     /translation="MAAIVAALRGSSGRFRPQTRVLTRGTRGAAGAASAAGGQQNFDL
                     LVIGGGSGGLACAKEAAQLGRKVAVADYVEPSPRGTKWGLGGTCVNVGCIPKKLMHQA
                     ALLGGMIRDAQHYGWEVAQPVQHNWKAMAEAVQNHVKSLNWGHRVQLQDRKVKYFNIK
                     ASFVNEHTVHGVDKAGKVTQLSAKHIVIATGGRPKYPTQVKGALEHGITSDDIFWLKE
                     SPGKTLVVGASYVALECAGFLTGIGLDTTVMMRSVPLRGFDQQMASLVTEHMESHGTR
                     FLKGCVPSLIRKLPTNQLQVTWEDLASGKEDVGTFDTVLWAIGRVPETRNLNLEKAGV
                     NTNPKNQKIIVDAQEATSVPHIYAIGDVAEGRPELTPTAIKAGKLLAQRLFGKSSTLM
                     NYSNVPTTVFTPLEYGCVGLSEEEAVALHGQEHIEVYHAYYKPLEFTVADRDASQCYI
                     KMVCMREPPQLVLGLHFLGPNAGEVTQGFALGIQCGASYAQVMQTVGIHPTCSEEVVK
                     LHISKRSGLDPTVTGCUG"
     exon            141..206
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            207..263
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            264..408
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            409..483
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            484..562
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            563..625
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            626..696
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            697..716
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            717..808
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            809..983
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            984..1120
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1121..1216
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1217..1309
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1310..1381
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1382..1479
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1480..1753
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1754..1986
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1883..1954
                     /regulatory_class="recoding_stimulatory_region"
                     /gene="Txnrd2"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2"
                     /note="SECIS_element"
                     /function="essential for recoding UGA to specify
                     selenocysteine"
ORIGIN      
        1 agccctaacc gcctaaggcc cccggaccat ggcggcgatt gtggcggcgc tgcgcggatc
       61 cagcgggcgc ttccggccgc agacacgggt tttaacacgc gggacgcggg gcgcggcggg
      121 cgcggcgagc gcagcgggag ggcagcagaa ctttgatctc ttggtgatcg gtgggggatc
      181 cggtggccta gcttgtgcca aggaagcggc tcagctggga aggaaggtgg ctgtggctga
      241 ctatgtggaa ccctctcccc gaggcaccaa atggggcctt ggtggcacct gtgtcaacgt
      301 gggctgcata cccaagaagc tgatgcatca ggccgcactg ctggggggca tgatcagaga
      361 tgctcagcac tacggctggg aggtggccca gcctgtccag cacaactgga aggcaatggc
      421 cgaagccgtg caaaaccatg tgaagtcctt gaactggggt catcgtgtcc aactgcagga
      481 caggaaagtc aagtacttta acatcaaagc cagctttgtc aacgagcaca cagttcacgg
      541 tgtcgacaaa gccgggaagg tgactcagct ttcagccaag cacatagtca tcgctacagg
      601 aggacggccg aagtacccca cacaggtcaa aggagccctg gaacacggaa tcacaagtga
      661 tgacatcttc tggctgaagg agtcccctgg gaaaacgttg gtggttggag ccagttatgt
      721 ggccctggag tgtgccggct tcctcactgg tattggcctg gataccacgg tcatgatgcg
      781 cagcgtgccc ctccgaggct ttgaccagca aatggcgtct ttggtcacag agcacatgga
      841 gtctcatggc acccggttcc tgaaaggctg tgtcccctcc ctcatcagaa aactcccgac
      901 taaccaactg caggtcactt gggaggatct cgcttctggc aaggaggacg tgggcacctt
      961 tgacactgtc ctgtgggcca tagggcgagt tccagagacc agaaatttga atctggagaa
     1021 ggctggcgtt aataccaacc ctaagaatca gaagatcatt gtggatgccc aggaggccac
     1081 ctctgtcccc cacatctatg ccattggaga tgttgctgag gggcggcctg agctgacacc
     1141 cacagctatc aaggcaggaa agcttctggc tcagcggctc tttgggaaat cctcaacctt
     1201 aatgaattac agcaacgtcc ccacaactgt ctttacacca ctggagtatg gctgtgtggg
     1261 actgtctgag gaggaggctg tggctctcca cggccaggag catatagagg tttaccatgc
     1321 atattacaag cccctagagt tcacagtggc agatcgggat gcatcacagt gctacataaa
     1381 gatggtatgc atgagggagc ccccacaact ggtactgggc ctgcacttcc ttggccccaa
     1441 cgctggagaa gtcacacaag gatttgctct tgggatccag tgtggggctt catacgcaca
     1501 ggtgatgcag acagtaggga tccaccccac ctgctctgag gaggtggtta agctgcacat
     1561 ctccaagcgc tctggcctgg atcctactgt gactggctgc tgaggttaag ttaccatccc
     1621 tgctgagcta aggatacaca ctgtgcctgc catgtgccca gtacaaggct ctcagacacc
     1681 tggacctagc tattgtcatg ggagccactg tgccagcatg attccaggca catggtgaag
     1741 ctacctagaa caggactgga aggccttgct gcctcgcaga gatctgagaa gatgtggatg
     1801 gagcattgtg tatctgaata gatggtgtgt gtcctgcagg gatgactgcc ccctctaacc
     1861 tctggccagc cttcacacac tgccagtgtc agatgatgac ggcctgtgca gaaaccccca
     1921 cgtgggctgc ccaggtttga acccctggca tttctggagt gctaataaag agcgtgtttt
     1981 actaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa a
//
