LOCUS       NM_031614               3465 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 03-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), transcript
            variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_031614
VERSION     NM_031614.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3465)
  AUTHORS   Fu,S., Fu,S., Ma,X., Yang,X. and Ling,J.
  TITLE     miR-875-5p regulates IR and inflammation via targeting TXNRD1 in
            gestational diabetes rats
  JOURNAL   Mol Med Rep 23 (5) (2021)
   PUBMED   33649852
  REMARK    GeneRIF: miR8755p regulates IR and inflammation via targeting
            TXNRD1 in gestational diabetes rats.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3465)
  AUTHORS   Stevanovic,I., Ninkovic,M., Mancic,B., Milivojevic,M.,
            Stojanovic,I., Ilic,T., Vujovic,M. and Djukic,M.
  TITLE     Compensatory Neuroprotective Response of Thioredoxin Reductase
            against Oxidative-Nitrosative Stress Induced by Experimental
            Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Rats: Modulation by Theta Burst
            Stimulation
  JOURNAL   Molecules 25 (17), 3922 (2020)
   PUBMED   32867364
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Compensatory Neuroprotective Response of Thioredoxin
            Reductase against Oxidative-Nitrosative Stress Induced by
            Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Rats: Modulation by
            Theta Burst Stimulation.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3465)
  AUTHORS   Dagnell,M., Pace,P.E., Cheng,Q., Frijhoff,J., Ostman,A.,
            Arner,E.S.J., Hampton,M.B. and Winterbourn,C.C.
  TITLE     Thioredoxin reductase 1 and NADPH directly protect protein tyrosine
            phosphatase 1B from inactivation during H2O2 exposure
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 292 (35), 14371-14380 (2017)
   PUBMED   28684416
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Data suggest TrxR1 and NADPH directly protect PTP1B from
            inactivation by oxidation; this protection is independent of TRX1
            and PRX2; this protection is blocked by auranofin (an inhibitor of
            TrxR1 and requires an intact selenocysteine residue in TrxR1.
            (TrxR1 = thioredoxin reductase 1; PTP1B = protein tyrosine
            phosphatase, non-receptor type 1; TRX1 = thioredoxin-1; PRX2 =
            paired related homeobox 2 protein)
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3465)
  AUTHORS   Chen,W., Tuladhar,A., Rolle,S., Lai,Y., Rodriguez Del Rey,F.,
            Zavala,C.E., Liu,Y. and Rein,K.S.
  TITLE     Brevetoxin-2, is a unique inhibitor of the C-terminal redox center
            of mammalian thioredoxin reductase-1
  JOURNAL   Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 329, 58-66 (2017)
   PUBMED   28551108
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase-1 by brevetoxin-2 is
            via the formation of a Michael adduct between selenocysteine and
            the alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehyde moiety of the toxin.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3465)
  AUTHORS   Zhong,L. and Holmgren,A.
  TITLE     Essential role of selenium in the catalytic activities of mammalian
            thioredoxin reductase revealed by characterization of recombinant
            enzymes with selenocysteine mutations
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 275 (24), 18121-18128 (2000)
   PUBMED   10849437
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3465)
  AUTHORS   Rundlof,A.K., Carlsten,M., Giacobini,M.M. and Arner,E.S.
  TITLE     Prominent expression of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase in
            the medullary rays of the rat kidney and thioredoxin reductase mRNA
            variants differing at the 5' untranslated region
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 347 Pt 3 (Pt 3), 661-668 (2000)
   PUBMED   10769168
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3465)
  AUTHORS   Kawai,H., Ota,T., Suzuki,F. and Tatsuka,M.
  TITLE     Molecular cloning of mouse thioredoxin reductases
  JOURNAL   Gene 242 (1-2), 321-330 (2000)
   PUBMED   10721726
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3465)
  AUTHORS   Arner,E.S., Sarioglu,H., Lottspeich,F., Holmgren,A. and Bock,A.
  TITLE     High-level expression in Escherichia coli of
            selenocysteine-containing rat thioredoxin reductase utilizing gene
            fusions with engineered bacterial-type SECIS elements and
            co-expression with the selA, selB and selC genes
  JOURNAL   J Mol Biol 292 (5), 1003-1016 (1999)
   PUBMED   10512699
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3465)
  AUTHORS   Fujiwara,N., Fujii,T., Fujii,J. and Taniguchi,N.
  TITLE     Functional expression of rat thioredoxin reductase: selenocysteine
            insertion sequence element is essential for the active enzyme
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 340 (Pt 2) (Pt 2), 439-444 (1999)
   PUBMED   10333487
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3465)
  AUTHORS   Zhong,L., Arner,E.S., Ljung,J., Aslund,F. and Holmgren,A.
  TITLE     Rat and calf thioredoxin reductase are homologous to glutathione
            reductase with a carboxyl-terminal elongation containing a
            conserved catalytically active penultimate selenocysteine residue
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 273 (15), 8581-8591 (1998)
   PUBMED   9535831
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from CB579100.1, BC085726.1 and
            BF415095.1.
            
            On Jun 2, 2017 this sequence version replaced NM_031614.2.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine
            nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the
            thioredoxin (Trx) system. Three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR)
            isozymes are found in mammals. TrxRs are selenocysteine-containing
            flavoenzymes, which reduce thioredoxins, as well as other
            substrates, and play a key role in redox homoeostasis. This gene
            encodes an ubiquitously expressed, cytosolic form of TrxR, which
            functions as a homodimer containing FAD, and selenocysteine (Sec)
            at the active site. Sec is encoded by UGA codon that normally
            signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs
            contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence
            (SECIS) element, which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a
            Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternative splicing,
            primarily at the 5' end, results in transcript variants encoding
            same or different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2017].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the predominant
            transcript and encodes isoform 1. Variants 1-3 encode the same
            isoform.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            CDS exon combination :: AF108213.1, AF220760.1 [ECO:0000331]
            RNAseq introns       :: mixed sample support SAMD00132261,
                                    SAMD00132262 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            protein contains selenocysteine :: PMID: 10333487, 10769168
            RefSeq Select criteria          :: based on conservation,
                                               expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-619               CB579100.1         1-619
            620-3204            BC085726.1         701-3285
            3205-3465           BF415095.1         1-261               c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3465
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="7"
                     /map="7q13"
     gene            1..3465
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
                     /note="thioredoxin reductase 1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:58819"
                     /db_xref="RGD:61959"
     exon            1..109
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            110..217
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            218..340
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             254..1753
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
                     /EC_number="1.8.1.9"
                     /EC_number="1.11.1.2"
                     /note="UGA stop codon recoded as selenocysteine; isoform 1
                     is encoded by transcript variant 1; thioredoxin reductase
                     1, cytoplasmic; selenoprotein oxidoreductase; thioredoxin
                     reductase TR1; NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase;
                     peroxidase TXNRD1"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /transl_except=(pos:1745..1747,aa:Sec)
                     /product="thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic isoform 1"
                     /protein_id="NP_113802.2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:58819"
                     /db_xref="RGD:61959"
                     /translation="MNDSKDAPKSYDFDLIIIGGGSGGLAAAKEAAKFDKKVMVLDFV
                     TPTPLGTRWGLGGTCVNVGCIPKKLMHQAALLGQALKDSRNYGWKLEDTVKHDWEKMT
                     ESVQNHIGSLNWGYRVALREKKVVYENAYGKFIGPHKIMATNNKGKEKVYSAERFLIA
                     TGERPRYLGIPGDKEYCISSDDLFSLPYCPGKTLVVGASYVALECAGFLAGIGLDVTV
                     MVRSILLRGFDQDMANKIGEHMEEHGIKFIRQFVPTKIEQIEAGTPGRLKVTAKSTNS
                     EETIEDEFNTVLLAVGRDSCTRTIGLETVGVKINEKTGKIPVTDEEQTNVPYIYAIGD
                     ILEGKLELTPVAIQAGRLLAQRLYGGSTVKCDYDNVPTTVFTPLEYGCCGLSEEKAVE
                     KFGEENIEVYHSFFWPLEWTVPSRDNNKCYAKVVCNLKDNERVVGFHVLGPNAGEVTQ
                     GFAAALKCGLTKQQLDSTIGIHPVCAEIFTTLSVTKRSGGDILQSGCUG"
     exon            341..413
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            414..533
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            534..676
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            677..792
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            793..1018
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1019..1111
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1112..1188
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1189..1345
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1346..1453
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1454..1549
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1550..1684
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1685..3450
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1981..2051
                     /regulatory_class="recoding_stimulatory_region"
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
                     /note="SECIS_element"
                     /function="essential for recoding UGA to specify
                     selenocysteine"
     regulatory      3431..3436
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
     polyA_site      3450
                     /gene="Txnrd1"
                     /gene_synonym="Tr"
ORIGIN      
        1 ctctctttat cctcagtgtg cttccgtcag gcctcgcatc cacgcgggag gtgcgggacg
       61 ccgacgcggc ggggcgagaa gagccggtgt tttcatcctc cttgctcata gggcggcggg
      121 gccttgcagc ggcgcgggca aacggagagg ccgcgggagg cggcgagccg gcagaaggcg
      181 agggagagcg gagggcggcc atggtccagc cctgaagcca aacaaaaaag gcctacttcg
      241 aaagctgtca acaatgaatg actctaaaga tgcccctaag tcctatgact tcgacctgat
      301 catcattgga ggaggctcgg gaggcctggc ggcagctaag gaggcagcca aatttgacaa
      361 gaaggtgatg gtcttggact tcgtcacacc aactcctctc ggaacgagat ggggtctcgg
      421 gggaacgtgt gtgaacgtgg gctgcatacc taaaaaactg atgcaccagg cggctctgtt
      481 aggacaagct ctgaaagact cacgcaacta tggctggaaa ctcgaggaca cagttaagca
      541 tgactgggag aaaatgacag aatctgtgca gaatcatatc ggctcgctga actggggcta
      601 ccgagtagct ctccgggaga agaaggttgt ctatgagaat gcttacggga aattcattgg
      661 tcctcacaaa attatggcaa caaataacaa aggtaaagaa aaagtttact cagcagagcg
      721 gttcctcatt gccaccggtg aaaggccgcg ctacctgggc atccctggag acaaagagta
      781 ctgcatcagc agtgacgatc ttttctcctt gccttactgc ccggggaaga ccctagtggt
      841 tggcgcgtcc tatgtcgcct tggaatgtgc aggattcctg gctggtatcg gcctcgacgt
      901 cactgtaatg gtgcggtcca ttctccttag aggatttgac caggacatgg ccaacaaaat
      961 tggtgaacac atggaagagc atggtatcaa gtttatcagg cagttcgtgc cgacgaaaat
     1021 tgaacagatt gaagcaggga caccaggccg actcaaggtg accgctaagt ccacaaacag
     1081 tgaggagacc atagaagacg aatttaacac agtgttgctt gcagtaggaa gagattcttg
     1141 tacaagaact attggcttag agaccgtggg cgtgaagatc aatgaaaaga ccgggaagat
     1201 acctgtcacg gatgaggagc agaccaatgt gccttacatc tacgccattg gtgacattct
     1261 ggaggggaag ctggagctga cccccgtggc catccaggcg gggagattgc tggctcagag
     1321 gctgtatggc ggctccactg tcaaatgtga ctatgacaat gtcccaacga ctgtgtttac
     1381 tcctttggag tatggctgct gtggcctctc tgaagaaaaa gctgtagaga aatttgggga
     1441 agaaaatatt gaagtttacc acagtttctt ctggccattg gaatggacag ttccatcccg
     1501 ggataacaac aaatgttatg caaaagtcgt ctgtaacctt aaagacaacg aacgtgtcgt
     1561 gggcttccac gtactgggtc caaatgctgg agaggtgacg cagggctttg cagccgcact
     1621 caagtgcggg ctgaccaagc agcagctgga cagcaccatt ggcatccacc cggtctgtgc
     1681 agagatattt acaacgctgt cggtgactaa gcgttctggg ggagacatcc tccagtctgg
     1741 ctgctgaggt taagccccag tgtggatgct gttgccaaga ctacagacca ttgcttgctt
     1801 ccttgtccac acccaggtga agttcaggaa ggctcttggg ttcttggcac caattcaagg
     1861 tgctatccta aggccaccag gtccctggga tcttgtgggt aggaggtggc aggtagaaga
     1921 aggctgcagc atcgcactgg ggtcaccatg acggactcag actgacattc ggcagagcat
     1981 cacggtgcgt ccatgaagtc actagcctca agcccaagtg gtgggcagtg acagaaagct
     2041 gtcgatctgt tgggttcaac ctttccctgt agactgtttt agtctcgcct tcaagctatg
     2101 taatgtcaat tctgtttttt cttttctcca tggggttaat gatactagag gtagggaatg
     2161 ttagcaatca gtttttgtca tggctggact atccacagca cggtcgttac tgtgtggaag
     2221 ggggtcagat ggcttatgag agccaaacca gtttatcctg agaaagacga attaccctgt
     2281 ggctaaaata cactgttttt actaacctgt gtagcattgt ctcctttaat aagtttaggt
     2341 cttctgtcca aactgagaaa aaccatggtc actttggcaa atttccggca gtgtgtgtcc
     2401 ctgccgctgc ttagcaaggg cggcggtgac ttggctaatc tactcagact ccattgcatg
     2461 gctcttgggt atcatggagt attccagcat agagcctgac cagcagtaaa tgtctctcct
     2521 ggtacagtta ctgtctgctg gtctaagtgc gctgagatgg ttctcaatgg agaatgctta
     2581 atttgctttt aacttcttgt ttttgtgagg tgggtttagt tttaagctta tgtcccataa
     2641 gaactccatt cacaggcaag cagctctttc cgcacacagc atatgcatct tctgaggtaa
     2701 tggctttata aggaagctgt tcataacata agttattatt attattgaac acaggtggat
     2761 gtgaaggatt ttttttcatt gaaaaaccaa atggtttttc ttttttctgt tcagtgagcc
     2821 cacagagacc ctggcaggac agcattgctg ccagcattgc tgctggggct tttccagtgt
     2881 agttcttgct cctaggtcac gtgacagtga acacgatgcc tgaggaccgc gcagacaggt
     2941 ttcccaccgc acagccgcca ggcgtcccgc catggtctgg tagctccttt tcttgtcctc
     3001 ccctctgccc atctccacct gcagtactga gtggcgtttc ccagtaccct ttggggccac
     3061 ctcagggaac gggtttgcct ggtattcagc cagcggcacc caccctgccc cacgaggctc
     3121 cctcagatcc gccccacatc cgtgtgttga agaggagaaa agaccaggga accaaaggag
     3181 tggactgttg agttttattt atttattttt tgtttttttt tctcctaagt ctgccagtct
     3241 ctgagatcag aacgacagtg tagggtagcc gcctaatcat gttgtgattc tattggtggg
     3301 atgaaatgtt ccgcccccat ggaaggagta cacttcgtcg tttatgttct gtaatcgcac
     3361 aatgtactgt aacccaaatt ccaattccat gtatttttat tacagttttt ctggaaaaaa
     3421 aatgtgaacc aataaaaggt gttgatcaca aaaaaaaaaa aaaaa
//
