LOCUS       NM_013046               1409 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 03-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus thyrotropin releasing hormone (Trh), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_013046
VERSION     NM_013046.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1409)
  AUTHORS   Jaimes-Hoy,L., Perez-Maldonado,A., Narvaez Bahena,E., de la Cruz
            Guarneros,N., Rodriguez-Rodriguez,A., Charli,J.L., Soberon,X. and
            Joseph-Bravo,P.
  TITLE     Sex Dimorphic Changes in Trh Gene Methylation and Thyroid-Axis
            Response to Energy Demands in Maternally Separated Rats
  JOURNAL   Endocrinology 162 (8) (2021)
   PUBMED   34043769
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Sex Dimorphic Changes in Trh Gene Methylation and
            Thyroid-Axis Response to Energy Demands in Maternally Separated
            Rats.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1409)
  AUTHORS   Alvarez-Salas,E., Gama,F., Matamoros-Trejo,G., Amaya,M.I. and de
            Gortari,P.
  TITLE     TRH in the nucleus accumbens acts downstream to alpha-MSH to
            decrease food intake in rats
  JOURNAL   Neurosci Lett 739, 135403 (2020)
   PUBMED   32980456
  REMARK    GeneRIF: TRH in the nucleus accumbens acts downstream to alpha-MSH
            to decrease food intake in rats.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1409)
  AUTHORS   Liu,W.Y., Liu,H., Aggarwal,J., Huang,Z.L. and Horner,R.L.
  TITLE     Differential activating effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone
            and its analog taltirelin on motor output to the tongue musculature
            in vivo
  JOURNAL   Sleep 43 (9) (2020)
   PUBMED   32227104
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Differential activating effects of thyrotropin-releasing
            hormone and its analog taltirelin on motor output to the tongue
            musculature in vivo.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1409)
  AUTHORS   Alcantara-Alonso,V., Alvarez-Salas,E., Matamoros-Trejo,G. and de
            Gortari,P.
  TITLE     Intrauterine Zn Deficiency Favors Thyrotropin-Releasing
            Hormone-Increasing Effects on Thyrotropin Serum Levels and Induces
            Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Weaned Rats
  JOURNAL   Nutrients 9 (10), 1139 (2017)
   PUBMED   29057835
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Intrauterine Zn deficiency favors thyrotropin-releasing
            hormone-increasing effects on thyrotropin serum levels and induces
            subclinical hypothyroidism in weaned rats.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1409)
  AUTHORS   Alvarez-Salas,E., Mengod,G., Garcia-Luna,C., Soberanes-Chavez,P.,
            Matamoros-Trejo,G. and de Gortari,P.
  TITLE     Mct8 and trh co-expression throughout the hypothalamic
            paraventricular nucleus is modified by dehydration-induced anorexia
            in rats
  JOURNAL   Neuropeptides 56, 33-40 (2016)
   PUBMED   26626087
  REMARK    GeneRIF: We found that dehydration induced anorexia rats showed
            increased number of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) cells in
            caudal paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, as well as a decreased
            percentage of TRH-expressing neurons that co-expressed
            monocarboxylate transporter-8 mRNA signal.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1409)
  AUTHORS   Nillni,E.A.
  TITLE     Regulation of the hypothalamic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
            neuron by neuronal and peripheral inputs
  JOURNAL   Front Neuroendocrinol 31 (2), 134-156 (2010)
   PUBMED   20074584
  REMARK    Review article
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1409)
  AUTHORS   Bulant,M., Beauvillain,J.C., Delfour,A., Vaudry,H. and Nicolas,P.
  TITLE     Processing of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) prohormone in the
            rat olfactory bulb generates novel TRH-related peptides
  JOURNAL   Endocrinology 127 (4), 1978-1985 (1990)
   PUBMED   2119297
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1409)
  AUTHORS   Lee,S.L., Sevarino,K., Roos,B.A. and Goodman,R.H.
  TITLE     Characterization and expression of the gene-encoding rat
            thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
  JOURNAL   Ann N Y Acad Sci 553, 14-28 (1989)
   PUBMED   2497670
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1409)
  AUTHORS   Lee,S.L., Stewart,K. and Goodman,R.H.
  TITLE     Structure of the gene encoding rat thyrotropin releasing hormone
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 263 (32), 16604-16609 (1988)
   PUBMED   2903153
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1409)
  AUTHORS   Lechan,R.M., Wu,P., Jackson,I.M., Wolf,H., Cooperman,S., Mandel,G.
            and Goodman,R.H.
  TITLE     Thyrotropin-releasing hormone precursor: characterization in rat
            brain
  JOURNAL   Science 231 (4734), 159-161 (1986)
   PUBMED   3079917
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from FQ100942.1, FQ223091.1 and
            FQ221609.1.
            
            On May 2, 2013 this sequence version replaced NM_013046.2.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a member of the thyrotropin-releasing
            hormone family. Cleavage of the encoded proprotein releases mature
            thyrotropin-releasing hormone, which is a tripeptide hypothalamic
            regulatory hormone. The rat proprotein contains five
            thyrotropin-releasing hormone tripeptides. Thyrotropin-releasing
            hormone is involved in the regulation and release of
            thyroid-stimulating hormone, as well as prolactin, and may be
            involved in cardiac function in heart failure. Disruption of this
            gene is associated with hypothyroidism, elevated
            thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, and hyperglycemia. [provided by
            RefSeq, May 2013].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: FQ100942.1, FQ222015.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA5760383 [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-24                FQ100942.1         1-24
            25-1385             FQ223091.1         1-1361
            1386-1409           FQ221609.1         438-461
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1409
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="Sprague-Dawley"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="4"
                     /map="4q34"
     gene            1..1409
                     /gene="Trh"
                     /gene_synonym="Pro-TRH; THR; Trf; TRH01"
                     /note="thyrotropin releasing hormone"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:25569"
                     /db_xref="RGD:3903"
     exon            1..127
                     /gene="Trh"
                     /gene_synonym="Pro-TRH; THR; Trf; TRH01"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            128..343
                     /gene="Trh"
                     /gene_synonym="Pro-TRH; THR; Trf; TRH01"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             136..903
                     /gene="Trh"
                     /gene_synonym="Pro-TRH; THR; Trf; TRH01"
                     /note="prothyroliberin; protirelin; TSH-releasing factor;
                     thyrotropin-releasing factor; pro-thyrotropin-releasing
                     hormone"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="thyrotropin releasing hormone preproprotein"
                     /protein_id="NP_037178.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:25569"
                     /db_xref="RGD:3903"
                     /translation="MPGPWLLLALALIFTLTGIPESCALPEAAQEEGAVTPDLPGLEN
                     VQVRPERRFLWKDLQRVRGDLGAALDSWITKRQHPGKREEEEKDIEAEERGDLGEGGA
                     WRLHKRQHPGRRANQDKYSWADEEDSDWMPRSWLPDFFLDSWFSDVPQVKRQHPGRRS
                     FPWMESDVTKRQHPGRRFIDPELQRSWEEKEGEGVLMPEKRQHPGKRALGHPCGPQGT
                     CGQTGLLQLLGDLSRGQETLVKQSPQVEPWDKEPLEE"
     exon            344..1391
                     /gene="Trh"
                     /gene_synonym="Pro-TRH; THR; Trf; TRH01"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1366..1371
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Trh"
                     /gene_synonym="Pro-TRH; THR; Trf; TRH01"
     polyA_site      1390
                     /gene="Trh"
                     /gene_synonym="Pro-TRH; THR; Trf; TRH01"
ORIGIN      
        1 gcctcagccc ctcctcggag gagcgcgcag tcgaccctgg attcgggagt attgcaaact
       61 ctacccagcc agtttgcact cttcagctca gcatcttgga aagctctgca gagtctccac
      121 ttcgcagact ccaggatgcc gggaccttgg ttgctgctgg ctctggcttt gatcttcacc
      181 ctaactggta tccctgaatc ctgcgccttg ccggaggcag cccaggagga aggtgcagtg
      241 actcctgacc ttcctggcct ggagaatgtt caggtccggc cagaacgtcg attcttgtgg
      301 aaagacctcc agcgggtgag aggggacctc ggtgctgcct tagactcctg gatcacaaaa
      361 cgccagcatc caggcaaaag ggaggaggag gaaaaagaca ttgaagctga agagagggga
      421 gacttgggag aagggggagc ctggagactc cacaaacgac agcaccccgg ccgacgtgcc
      481 aaccaggaca agtattcatg ggcagatgag gaggacagtg actggatgcc acggtcctgg
      541 ttaccagatt tctttctgga ttcctggttc tcagatgtcc cccaagtcaa gcggcagcac
      601 cctggcaggc gatccttccc ctggatggag tctgatgtca ccaagaggca acatccaggc
      661 cggaggttca tagatcccga gctccaaaga agctgggaag aaaaagaggg agagggtgtc
      721 ttaatgcctg agaaacgcca gcatcctggc aaaagggcat tgggtcatcc ctgtgggccc
      781 caggggactt gtggtcaaac aggcctgctc cagcttctag gtgacctgag caggggtcag
      841 gagaccctgg tgaagcaaag cccacaagtg gaaccctggg acaaggaacc tctggaggag
      901 taaggccaga gtcaggcttt aggtctagga tgatgtaagc cctgtattcc ctatcctgtt
      961 cccttcacta gctgtcctct cttagatgct aaccctgggc cctctgtaca taacgtccac
     1021 ccaaacccct tccttaccga cttcagagac tttagaaagc cagtcaggaa gttaaaaccc
     1081 tacttatccc ttcaagcaag ggggtgggag tcacacccct tcagcactgg ccaagatggt
     1141 tctttcacac cttctaaggg acctcctcag aaaggaaggg tagaattgaa atgttttggt
     1201 gttaaaactt ctgtaatctg ccccatgtgg taagactgac ctggtatagc ttcagcgcat
     1261 cctccaaggt tggggtccct gagcagtttg ggagatgttt agatatgtcc ttggggtggg
     1321 gggtcgcatc ttgtatataa ccctgctctt gttaatctca atgacaataa aatatatcca
     1381 ggtcacctgt taaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaa
//
