LOCUS       NM_001083933            1555 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 01-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus spexin hormone (Spx), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001083933 XM_001074051
VERSION     NM_001083933.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1555)
  AUTHORS   El-Saka,M.H., Abo El Gheit,R.E., El Saadany,A., Alghazaly,G.M.,
            Marea,K.E. and Madi,N.M.
  TITLE     Effect of spexin on renal dysfunction in experimentally obese rats:
            potential mitigating mechanisms via galanin receptor-2
  JOURNAL   Arch Physiol Biochem 129 (4), 933-942 (2023)
   PUBMED   33632048
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Effect of spexin on renal dysfunction in experimentally
            obese rats: potential mitigating mechanisms via galanin receptor-2.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1555)
  AUTHORS   Palasz,A., Zarczynski,P., Bogus,K., Mordecka-Chamera,K., Della
            Vecchia,A., Skalbania,J., Worthington,J.J., Krzystanek,M. and
            Zarczynska,M.
  TITLE     Modulatory effect of olanzapine on SMIM20/phoenixin, NPQ/spexin and
            NUCB2/nesfatin-1 gene expressions in the rat brainstem
  JOURNAL   Pharmacol Rep 73 (4), 1188-1194 (2021)
   PUBMED   33928538
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Modulatory effect of olanzapine on SMIM20/phoenixin,
            NPQ/spexin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 gene expressions in the rat
            brainstem.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1555)
  AUTHORS   Liu,Y., Sun,L., Zheng,L., Su,M., Liu,H., Wei,Y., Li,D., Wang,Y.,
            Dai,C., Gong,Y., Zhao,C. and Li,Y.
  TITLE     Spexin protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-induced metabolic and
            mitochondrial dysfunction
  JOURNAL   Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 393 (1), 25-33 (2020)
   PUBMED   31396649
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Spexin protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-induced
            metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1555)
  AUTHORS   Walewski,J.L., Ge,F., Lobdell,H. 4th, Levin,N., Schwartz,G.J.,
            Vasselli,J.R., Pomp,A., Dakin,G. and Berk,P.D.
  TITLE     Spexin is a novel human peptide that reduces adipocyte uptake of
            long chain fatty acids and causes weight loss in rodents with
            diet-induced obesity
  JOURNAL   Obesity (Silver Spring) 22 (7), 1643-1652 (2014)
   PUBMED   24550067
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Spexin is a novel hormone involved in weight regulation,
            with potential for obesity therapy.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1555)
  AUTHORS   Kim,D.K., Yun,S., Son,G.H., Hwang,J.I., Park,C.R., Kim,J.I.,
            Kim,K., Vaudry,H. and Seong,J.Y.
  TITLE     Coevolution of the spexin/galanin/kisspeptin family: Spexin
            activates galanin receptor type II and III
  JOURNAL   Endocrinology 155 (5), 1864-1873 (2014)
   PUBMED   24517231
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1555)
  AUTHORS   Toll,L., Khroyan,T.V., Sonmez,K., Ozawa,A., Lindberg,I.,
            McLaughlin,J.P., Eans,S.O., Shahien,A.A. and Kapusta,D.R.
  TITLE     Peptides derived from the prohormone proNPQ/spexin are potent
            central modulators of cardiovascular and renal function and
            nociception
  JOURNAL   FASEB J 26 (2), 947-954 (2012)
   PUBMED   22038051
  REMARK    GeneRIF: newly identified peptides derived from the NPQ/spexin
            precursor contribute to CNS-mediated control of arterial blood
            pressure and salt and water balance and modulate nociceptive
            responses
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1555)
  AUTHORS   Porzionato,A., Rucinski,M., Macchi,V., Stecco,C., Malendowicz,L.K.
            and De Caro,R.
  TITLE     Spexin expression in normal rat tissues
  JOURNAL   J Histochem Cytochem 58 (9), 825-837 (2010)
   PUBMED   20530460
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Spexin is probably involved in many different
            physiological functions; in particular, location of spexin in
            neurons and endocrine cells suggests its roles as
            neurotransmitter/neuromodulator and endocrine factor.
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1555)
  AUTHORS   Rucinski,M., Porzionato,A., Ziolkowska,A., Szyszka,M., Macchi,V.,
            De Caro,R. and Malendowicz,L.K.
  TITLE     Expression of the spexin gene in the rat adrenal gland and
            evidences suggesting that spexin inhibits adrenocortical cell
            proliferation
  JOURNAL   Peptides 31 (4), 676-682 (2010)
   PUBMED   20045034
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Results suggest direct involvement of spexin in the
            regulation of adrenocortical cell proliferation; however, the
            mechanism of action remains unknown.
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1555)
  AUTHORS   Wan,B., Wang,X.R., Zhou,Y.B., Zhang,X., Huo,K. and Han,Z.G.
  TITLE     C12ORF39, a novel secreted protein with a typical amidation
            processing signal
  JOURNAL   Biosci Rep 30 (1), 1-10 (2009)
   PUBMED   19193193
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1555)
  AUTHORS   Mirabeau,O., Perlas,E., Severini,C., Audero,E., Gascuel,O.,
            Possenti,R., Birney,E., Rosenthal,N. and Gross,C.
  TITLE     Identification of novel peptide hormones in the human proteome by
            hidden Markov model screening
  JOURNAL   Genome Res 17 (3), 320-327 (2007)
   PUBMED   17284679
COMMENT     VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
            preliminary review. The reference sequence was derived from
            JAXUCZ010000004.1.
            
            On Sep 23, 2014 this sequence version replaced NM_001083933.2.
            
            Sequence Note: The RefSeq transcript and protein were derived from
            genomic sequence to make the sequence consistent with the reference
            genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the transcript
            record were based on alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            RNAseq introns :: single sample supports all introns SAMN14984036
                              [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-16                JAXUCZ010000004.1  177087053-177087068
            17-97               JAXUCZ010000004.1  177087431-177087511
            98-155              JAXUCZ010000004.1  177087628-177087685
            156-218             JAXUCZ010000004.1  177088362-177088424
            219-302             JAXUCZ010000004.1  177089731-177089814
            303-1555            JAXUCZ010000004.1  177091839-177093091
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1555
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="BN"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="4"
                     /map="4q44"
     gene            1..1555
                     /gene="Spx"
                     /gene_synonym="Npq"
                     /note="spexin hormone"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:691138"
                     /db_xref="RGD:1587448"
     exon            1..16
                     /gene="Spx"
                     /gene_synonym="Npq"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             11..361
                     /gene="Spx"
                     /gene_synonym="Npq"
                     /note="LRRGT00060; neuropeptide Q; liver
                     regeneration-related protein LRRGT00060"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="spexin precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_001077402.2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:691138"
                     /db_xref="RGD:1587448"
                     /translation="MKGPSILAVAALALLLVLSVLENSSGAPQRLSEKRNWTPQAMLY
                     LKGAQGHRFISDQSRRKELADRPPPERRNPNLQLLTLPEAAALFLASLEKPQKDEGGD
                     FDKSKLLEDRRFYW"
     exon            17..97
                     /gene="Spx"
                     /gene_synonym="Npq"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            98..155
                     /gene="Spx"
                     /gene_synonym="Npq"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            156..218
                     /gene="Spx"
                     /gene_synonym="Npq"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            219..302
                     /gene="Spx"
                     /gene_synonym="Npq"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            303..1555
                     /gene="Spx"
                     /gene_synonym="Npq"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 gggtgggaac atgaaggggc cgagcatcct ggccgtggca gccttggccc ttctcctggt
       61 gctgtctgtt ctggaaaact ccagcggtgc tccgcagaga ctctctgaga agaggaactg
      121 gactccccaa gccatgctct atctgaaggg cgcacagggc caccgcttca tctcagacca
      181 gagtcgcagg aaggagcttg cagaccggcc gcctccagaa agacgaaacc caaatcttca
      241 actgctgact ctcccagagg ctgcagccct gtttctggct tccttggaaa aaccacaaaa
      301 agatgaagga ggggattttg ataaaagcaa actcctggaa gacagacgct tttactggtg
      361 aaaatgcagt aggccgtcgt caagtgtgct tctagtcatg atgaaaaccg gaaccatgtg
      421 aaaggggccc ctgcaccctc ccttccccct tagacagctg cacccttagg tttagtcaca
      481 tggacctctt ggctggaaca ccaccatgtt ctgctgcgtt ggcttggcat cacccatgtc
      541 ttacataggc ttggatctcc tagggccttt cacgtgtcaa ggcttaggac tcagaaatgt
      601 tctttctttt cccacagtca ggccctatct tgatcttggc tgtttgtttt ctgatcccat
      661 ttctctcttg cctttggtgc cactcagcag taaatctcgt tgttcctcct tttcctatcc
      721 cctggaagag agagggtaca tcaggaaggg agtggatagt atgtctcttt gtaactcatc
      781 ttggagaggt caattaagga ggggggcgag gagaagatgc ccttataaag ctcccacaaa
      841 aacacatctc tgtcactgct cagatgggga ccctcagtga tgctcaaacc cttggaaggt
      901 ctgtgaagac ccaagaccgg gagcctcttt gtcttcctaa gagatctaac tgaattccac
      961 atagaaactt ggaccttaag ataccggcat ataagcagat ggtattggaa gagtttgctg
     1021 gagcatatgg cacaaaaagg gacaaaccag ttgttcgggt tcagaggtag cccgttttct
     1081 atagctgaaa ggtactccat catgacttta cattaaggca ttcctatgac acatgtgcat
     1141 gccatatgta cttttccatg cacacacgta tgcatgcaca cacacacaca cacacacaca
     1201 cacacacaca cacacacatt cacatgaaca tgcacacaat ggtggaattt gggagtgaga
     1261 tccctatagc aaggagactg acttgtttgg acttattttg gaattatatc atgctcacca
     1321 tgggtggttt ttttcttacc tactcagttc agagtcatta acaataagtg cacaagtgac
     1381 aagtagtgat acttactgtc ctcagcttac agctattacc ttgtaactac acagtatctt
     1441 tatgtaaata cttctgtaat ctgatgtttt aacccaactg tgtgaagtaa tcaaagccat
     1501 gtgtatatgt tttgtctgct tctcagttca taattaaata ataaaactat actca
//
