LOCUS       NM_013031               2912 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 15-DEC-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus solute carrier family 18 member A2 (Slc18a2),
            mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_013031
VERSION     NM_013031.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2912)
  AUTHORS   Kato,K., Yokoyama,T., Kusakabe,T., Hata,K., Fushuku,S., Nakamuta,N.
            and Yamamoto,Y.
  TITLE     Differences in the expression of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes
            between vesicular monoamine transporter 1- and 2-immunoreactive
            glomus cells in the rat carotid body
  JOURNAL   Acta Histochem 122 (3), 151507 (2020)
   PUBMED   31955909
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Differences in the expression of
            catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes between vesicular monoamine
            transporter 1- and 2-immunoreactive glomus cells in the rat carotid
            body.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2912)
  AUTHORS   Yaffe,D., Vergara-Jaque,A., Forrest,L.R. and Schuldiner,S.
  TITLE     Emulating proton-induced conformational changes in the vesicular
            monoamine transporter VMAT2 by mutagenesis
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113 (47), E7390-E7398 (2016)
   PUBMED   27821772
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Study identify mutants that alter the nature of the
            conformational equilibrium and mimic the protonated state of VMAT2.
            These mutants eliminate the requirement for a proton gradient
            normally necessary for reserpine binding and for reserpine
            inhibition of tetrabenazine binding.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2912)
  AUTHORS   Wang,L., Kang,Y., Zhang,G., Zhang,Y., Cui,R., Yan,W., Tan,H.,
            Li,S., Wu,B., Cui,H. and Shi,G.
  TITLE     Deficits in coordinated motor behavior and in nigrostriatal
            dopaminergic system ameliorated and VMAT2 expression up-regulated
            in aged male rats by administration of testosterone propionate
  JOURNAL   Exp Gerontol 78, 1-11 (2016)
   PUBMED   26956479
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Up-regulation of VMAT2 expression in aged male rats
            following chronic testosterone propionate treatment might be
            involved in the maintenance of dopaminergic function of the
            nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in aged male rats.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2912)
  AUTHORS   Pan,X., Guo,X., Xiong,F., Cheng,G., Lu,Q. and Yan,H.
  TITLE     Acrylamide increases dopamine levels by affecting dopamine
            transport and metabolism related genes in the striatal dopaminergic
            system
  JOURNAL   Toxicol Lett 236 (1), 60-68 (2015)
   PUBMED   25943760
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Data suggest that expression of Vmat2 and Dat1 (dopamine
            transporter 1) in dopaminergic neurons in striatum can be
            down-regulated by dietary factors (here, ingestion of acrylamide, a
            food contaminant created by heating starchy foods).
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2912)
  AUTHORS   Choi,W.S., Kim,H.W. and Xia,Z.
  TITLE     JNK inhibition of VMAT2 contributes to rotenone-induced oxidative
            stress and dopamine neuron death
  JOURNAL   Toxicology 328, 75-81 (2015)
   PUBMED   25496994
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Rotenone induces dopamine neuron death through a series of
            sequential events including microtubule destabilization, JNK3
            activation, VMAT2 inhibition, accumulation of cytosolic dopamine,
            and generation of ROS.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2912)
  AUTHORS   Dimaline,R. and Struthers,J.
  TITLE     Expression and regulation of a vesicular monoamine transporter in
            rat stomach: a putative histamine transporter
  JOURNAL   J Physiol 490 (Pt 1) (Pt 1), 249-256 (1996)
   PUBMED   8745292
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2912)
  AUTHORS   Nirenberg,M.J., Liu,Y., Peter,D., Edwards,R.H. and Pickel,V.M.
  TITLE     The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 is present in small synaptic
            vesicles and preferentially localizes to large dense core vesicles
            in rat solitary tract nuclei
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92 (19), 8773-8777 (1995)
   PUBMED   7568015
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2912)
  AUTHORS   Peter,D., Jimenez,J., Liu,Y., Kim,J. and Edwards,R.H.
  TITLE     The chromaffin granule and synaptic vesicle amine transporters
            differ in substrate recognition and sensitivity to inhibitors
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 269 (10), 7231-7237 (1994)
   PUBMED   8125935
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2912)
  AUTHORS   Erickson,J.D., Eiden,L.E. and Hoffman,B.J.
  TITLE     Expression cloning of a reserpine-sensitive vesicular monoamine
            transporter
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89 (22), 10993-10997 (1992)
   PUBMED   1438304
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2912)
  AUTHORS   Liu,Y., Peter,D., Roghani,A., Schuldiner,S., Prive,G.G.,
            Eisenberg,D., Brecha,N. and Edwards,R.H.
  TITLE     A cDNA that suppresses MPP+ toxicity encodes a vesicular amine
            transporter
  JOURNAL   Cell 70 (4), 539-551 (1992)
   PUBMED   1505023
COMMENT     PROVISIONAL REFSEQ: This record has not yet been subject to final
            NCBI review. The reference sequence was derived from
            JAXUCZ010000001.1.
            
            On Nov 26, 2020 this sequence version replaced NM_013031.1.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: L00603.1, SRR26643299.7857.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA5760393, SAMN06621351
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-92                JAXUCZ010000001.1  268400021-268400112
            93-225              JAXUCZ010000001.1  268400410-268400542
            226-571             JAXUCZ010000001.1  268401958-268402303
            572-630             JAXUCZ010000001.1  268410797-268410855
            631-714             JAXUCZ010000001.1  268411128-268411211
            715-807             JAXUCZ010000001.1  268411487-268411579
            808-897             JAXUCZ010000001.1  268412283-268412372
            898-941             JAXUCZ010000001.1  268412461-268412504
            942-1002            JAXUCZ010000001.1  268412576-268412636
            1003-1098           JAXUCZ010000001.1  268414393-268414488
            1099-1177           JAXUCZ010000001.1  268423254-268423332
            1178-1229           JAXUCZ010000001.1  268423506-268423557
            1230-1293           JAXUCZ010000001.1  268424377-268424440
            1294-1413           JAXUCZ010000001.1  268426002-268426121
            1414-1547           JAXUCZ010000001.1  268426254-268426387
            1548-2912           JAXUCZ010000001.1  268433047-268434411
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2912
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="BN"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="1"
                     /map="1q55"
     gene            1..2912
                     /gene="Slc18a2"
                     /gene_synonym="MNAT; VMAT-2; VMAT2"
                     /note="solute carrier family 18 member A2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:25549"
                     /db_xref="RGD:3694"
     exon            1..92
                     /gene="Slc18a2"
                     /gene_synonym="MNAT; VMAT-2; VMAT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            93..225
                     /gene="Slc18a2"
                     /gene_synonym="MNAT; VMAT-2; VMAT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             105..1652
                     /gene="Slc18a2"
                     /gene_synonym="MNAT; VMAT-2; VMAT2"
                     /note="VAT2; monoamine transporter; vesicular amine
                     transporter 2; solute carrier family 18 member 2; solute
                     carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2; Solute
                     carrier family 18 A2 (vesicular monoamine transporter 2);
                     solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine
                     transporter), member 2"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="synaptic vesicular amine transporter"
                     /protein_id="NP_037163.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:25549"
                     /db_xref="RGD:3694"
                     /translation="MALSDLVLLRWLRDSRHSRKLILFIVFLALLLDNMLLTVVVPII
                     PSYLYSIKHEKNSTEIQTTRPELVVSTSESIFSYYNNSTVLITGNATGTLPGGQSHKA
                     TSTQHTVANTTVPSDCPSEDRDLLNENVQVGLLFASKATVQLLTNPFIGLLTNRIGYP
                     IPMFAGFCIMFISTVMFAFSSSYAFLLIARSLQGIGSSCSSVAGMGMLASVYTDDEER
                     GNAMGIALGGLAMGVLVGPPFGSVLYEFVGKTAPFLVLAALVLLDGAIQLFVLQPSRV
                     QPESQKGTPLTTLLKDPYILIAAGSICFANMGIAMLEPALPIWMMETMCSRKWQLGVA
                     FLPASISYLIGTNIFGILAHKMGRWLCALLGMVIVGISILCIPFAKNIYGLIAPNFGV
                     GFAIGMVDSSMMPIMGYLVDLRHVSVYGSVYAIADVAFCMGYAIGPSAGGAIAKAIGF
                     PWLMTIIGIIDIAFAPLCFFLRSPPAKEEKMAILMDHNCPIKTKMYTQNNVQSYPIGD
                     DEESESD"
     exon            226..571
                     /gene="Slc18a2"
                     /gene_synonym="MNAT; VMAT-2; VMAT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            572..630
                     /gene="Slc18a2"
                     /gene_synonym="MNAT; VMAT-2; VMAT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            631..714
                     /gene="Slc18a2"
                     /gene_synonym="MNAT; VMAT-2; VMAT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            715..807
                     /gene="Slc18a2"
                     /gene_synonym="MNAT; VMAT-2; VMAT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            808..897
                     /gene="Slc18a2"
                     /gene_synonym="MNAT; VMAT-2; VMAT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            898..941
                     /gene="Slc18a2"
                     /gene_synonym="MNAT; VMAT-2; VMAT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            942..1002
                     /gene="Slc18a2"
                     /gene_synonym="MNAT; VMAT-2; VMAT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1003..1098
                     /gene="Slc18a2"
                     /gene_synonym="MNAT; VMAT-2; VMAT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1099..1177
                     /gene="Slc18a2"
                     /gene_synonym="MNAT; VMAT-2; VMAT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1178..1229
                     /gene="Slc18a2"
                     /gene_synonym="MNAT; VMAT-2; VMAT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1230..1293
                     /gene="Slc18a2"
                     /gene_synonym="MNAT; VMAT-2; VMAT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1294..1413
                     /gene="Slc18a2"
                     /gene_synonym="MNAT; VMAT-2; VMAT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1414..1547
                     /gene="Slc18a2"
                     /gene_synonym="MNAT; VMAT-2; VMAT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1548..2912
                     /gene="Slc18a2"
                     /gene_synonym="MNAT; VMAT-2; VMAT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 ggagaaggcg acctggagca gcggggacgc acggacagag acccaggctg tgtggcgcta
       61 taaccgcgca gacagtcaca ggcgagccag agtgcagcag agccatggcc ctgagcgatc
      121 tggtgctgct gcgatggctg cgggacagcc gccactcgcg caaactgatc ctgttcatcg
      181 tgttccttgc gctgctgctg gacaacatgc tgctcaccgt cgtggttccc atcatcccca
      241 gctatctgta cagcattaag catgagaaaa actctacgga aatccagacc accagaccag
      301 agctcgtggt ctccacctcc gaaagcatct tctcttacta taacaactct actgtgttga
      361 tcaccgggaa tgccactggg actcttccag gagggcagtc acacaaggct accagcacac
      421 agcacactgt ggctaacacc actgtccctt cggactgtcc cagtgaagac agagaccttc
      481 tgaatgagaa tgtgcaagtt gggctgctgt ttgcctccaa agccactgtc cagctcctca
      541 ctaacccatt cataggactt ctgaccaaca gaattggcta tccgattccc atgtttgccg
      601 gcttctgcat catgtttatc tcaacagtta tgtttgcctt ctccagcagc tatgccttcc
      661 tgctgatcgc caggtccctt cagggaattg gctcctcctg ctcatccgtg gctgggatgg
      721 gtatgctggc cagcgtgtac acagatgatg aggagagggg gaacgccatg ggcattgctt
      781 tgggtggcct ggccatggga gtcttagtgg gacccccctt cgggagtgtg ctctatgaat
      841 ttgtggggaa gacagctccc ttcctggtgc tagctgcctt ggtgctcttg gatggggcta
      901 ttcagctctt tgtgctccag ccgtcccgag tacagccaga gagtcagaag gggacacctc
      961 taacgacctt gctgaaggat ccatacatcc tcatcgctgc aggctccatc tgctttgcaa
     1021 acatggggat agccatgctg gagcccgccc tgcccatctg gatgatggag accatgtgtt
     1081 cccgaaagtg gcagctgggc gttgctttcc tcccggcgag catctcttat ctcattggaa
     1141 ccaatatttt tgggatactt gcacacaaaa tgggaaggtg gctatgtgct cttctgggaa
     1201 tggtaattgt tggaatcagc attttatgca tcccctttgc aaaaaatatc tatggactca
     1261 tcgctcccaa ctttggagtt ggttttgcaa ttgggatggt ggactcctct atgatgccta
     1321 tcatgggcta cctggttgac ctgcggcatg tgtctgtcta tgggagtgtt tatgccattg
     1381 cagacgtggc cttttgtatg ggctatgcta tcggtccctc tgctggtggt gccatcgcaa
     1441 aggcaattgg ctttccttgg cttatgacaa ttattgggat aattgatatc gcttttgctc
     1501 cactctgctt tttccttcga agtccacctg ctaaggagga aaaaatggct atcctcatgg
     1561 accacaactg tcccattaaa acaaagatgt acactcagaa taatgtccag tcatatccca
     1621 tcggtgatga tgaagaatct gaaagtgact gagaccctct aacgtcgcca aatgtttaac
     1681 tgtgtagaag tgtttccagt gagatgactt atgcagagct gtcttagtcc caccatccat
     1741 tgctggcaaa gagtaaaaac aaccaaaggt gatactttct tttccatggt tatgattgac
     1801 tgccaacagc cttataaaga aaaagcagct tttctagggg tttgtataaa tagtgttgaa
     1861 aactttattt tatgtatttg attttattaa tattatacaa tatattttga cgaaataggt
     1921 atactgtaaa tgtataaata tttgaatcca aattaaatat aatttttaaa cttacattca
     1981 ttaacacttg gacaaaaaaa tcttattttt tttctgaata ctggtaatga gtgtttaaag
     2041 cacacattat cttgagactc tccaacaaaa aactagcagt ctgagaaaca gaaccatgta
     2101 agacagcgcg ttatgtacca acactgaatg tgttgttatt taacttgtaa ctagtaccaa
     2161 tgtgtttagg aatttacaac tcgtcatctt aagtgcagag ggaagagact ttatcagcca
     2221 tctttcagac ttattcataa acctttgctg gcactagttt tctgttgtaa ccacccacct
     2281 gaatggttgt aaatgatttt ctgggttatg tcatcggcag cagtcactaa agccgacaag
     2341 gggtgaaaca tgaatgttct gaaggcagag gagagaatcc aaatgctgct ttcttttata
     2401 taaatgcttg atggtcttct tgggtgagaa caaaacgtta tgcactttaa acagtcaagg
     2461 ttaagtatga tgtggtttat caaatccggc tcatgttcta gaaaacaagg ctatcaagct
     2521 gctataatgt gaaaaatcaa actatcacat ctcccacctg cttcaggtca tctgagtgtt
     2581 ttttctagag atttgttaat tttgagttgc tgttattttt tagactccta aaaggttgtt
     2641 catatcaatg tagaaatgag tttcacgcaa agatggatgc aatgaaactg cccgtgtcta
     2701 gcacagtaat gttcaaggta atggagtggt cgggacacct tccctttctg aagcagagaa
     2761 aaccatctac aagcgtgtgt gtgttactgc atcatctgtg cgctggtaga acaatgttcc
     2821 taagcacgac aacactgatc gatcttttca gtatgccagc taatactgct agtgaacact
     2881 atctataatt gctttgtatg agattacaat ct
//
