LOCUS       NM_033441               1493 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 03-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus rhodopsin (Rho), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_033441
VERSION     NM_033441.1
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1493)
  AUTHORS   Sen,M., Kutsyr,O., Cao,B., Bolz,S., Arango-Gonzalez,B. and
            Ueffing,M.
  TITLE     Pharmacological Inhibition of the VCP/Proteasome Axis Rescues
            Photoreceptor Degeneration in RHOP23H Rat Retinal Explants
  JOURNAL   Biomolecules 11 (10), 1528 (2021)
   PUBMED   34680161
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Pharmacological Inhibition of the VCP/Proteasome Axis
            Rescues Photoreceptor Degeneration in RHO(P23H) Rat Retinal
            Explants.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1493)
  AUTHORS   Malechka,V.V., Moiseyev,G., Takahashi,Y., Shin,Y. and Ma,J.X.
  TITLE     Impaired Rhodopsin Generation in the Rat Model of Diabetic
            Retinopathy
  JOURNAL   Am J Pathol 187 (10), 2222-2231 (2017)
   PUBMED   28734946
  REMARK    GeneRIF: these results suggest that retinoid metabolism in the eye
            is impaired in type 1 diabetes, which leads to deficient generation
            of visual pigments and neural retinal dysfunction in early
            diabetes.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1493)
  AUTHORS   Murray,S.F., Jazayeri,A., Matthes,M.T., Yasumura,D., Yang,H.,
            Peralta,R., Watt,A., Freier,S., Hung,G., Adamson,P.S., Guo,S.,
            Monia,B.P., LaVail,M.M. and McCaleb,M.L.
  TITLE     Allele-Specific Inhibition of Rhodopsin With an Antisense
            Oligonucleotide Slows Photoreceptor Cell Degeneration
  JOURNAL   Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 56 (11), 6362-6375 (2015)
   PUBMED   26436889
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Allele-specific ASO-mediated knockdown of mutant P23H
            rhodopsin expression slowed the rate of photoreceptor degeneration
            and preserved the function of photoreceptor cells in eyes of the
            P23H rhodopsin transgenic rat.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1493)
  AUTHORS   Sasahara,T., Okamoto,H., Ohkura,N., Kobe,A. and Yayama,K.
  TITLE     Epidermal growth factor induces Ca(2+) sensitization through
            Rho-kinase-dependent phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target
            subunit 1 in vascular smooth muscle
  JOURNAL   Eur J Pharmacol 762, 89-95 (2015)
   PUBMED   26004531
  REMARK    GeneRIF: EGF induces Ca(2+) sensitization in vascular smooth muscle
            by Rho-kinase-dependent inactivation of MLCP mediated by the EGF
            receptor/MEK/Erk1/2 pathway
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1493)
  AUTHORS   Chuang,J.Z., Hsu,Y.C. and Sung,C.H.
  TITLE     Ultrastructural visualization of trans-ciliary rhodopsin cargoes in
            mammalian rods
  JOURNAL   Cilia 4, 4 (2015)
   PUBMED   25664179
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1493)
  AUTHORS   Morabito,M.A., Yu,X. and Barnstable,C.J.
  TITLE     Characterization of developmentally regulated and retina-specific
            nuclear protein binding to a site in the upstream region of the rat
            opsin gene
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 266 (15), 9667-9672 (1991)
   PUBMED   1827795
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1493)
  AUTHORS   Dryja,T.P., McGee,T.L., Hahn,L.B., Cowley,G.S., Olsson,J.E.,
            Reichel,E., Sandberg,M.A. and Berson,E.L.
  TITLE     Mutations within the rhodopsin gene in patients with autosomal
            dominant retinitis pigmentosa
  JOURNAL   N Engl J Med 323 (19), 1302-1307 (1990)
   PUBMED   2215617
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1493)
  AUTHORS   Franke,R.R., Konig,B., Sakmar,T.P., Khorana,H.G. and Hofmann,K.P.
  TITLE     Rhodopsin mutants that bind but fail to activate transducin
  JOURNAL   Science 250 (4977), 123-125 (1990)
   PUBMED   2218504
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1493)
  AUTHORS   St Jules,R.S., Smith,S.B. and O'Brien,P.J.
  TITLE     The localization and timing of post-translational modifications of
            rat rhodopsin
  JOURNAL   Exp Eye Res 51 (4), 427-434 (1990)
   PUBMED   2209754
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1493)
  AUTHORS   St Jules,R.S., Wallingford,J.C., Smith,S.B. and O'Brien,P.J.
  TITLE     Addition of the chromophore to rat rhodopsin is an early
            post-translational event
  JOURNAL   Exp Eye Res 48 (5), 653-665 (1989)
   PUBMED   2525480
COMMENT     PROVISIONAL REFSEQ: This record has not yet been subject to final
            NCBI review. The reference sequence was derived from Z46957.1.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: Z46957.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMD00132303,
                                           SAMD00132307 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1493
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="Sprague-Dawley"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="4"
                     /map="4q42"
     gene            1..1493
                     /gene="Rho"
                     /note="rhodopsin"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:24717"
                     /db_xref="RGD:3573"
     exon            1..444
                     /gene="Rho"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             84..1130
                     /gene="Rho"
                     /function="phototransduction"
                     /note="Rhodopsin (retinitis pigmentosa 4, autosomal
                     dominant)"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="rhodopsin"
                     /protein_id="NP_254276.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:24717"
                     /db_xref="RGD:3573"
                     /translation="MNGTEGPNFYVPFSNITGVVRSPFEQPQYYLAEPWQFSMLAAYM
                     FLLIVLGFPINFLTLYVTVQHKKLRTPLNYILLNLAVADLFMVFGGFTTTLYTSLHGY
                     FVFGPTGCNLEGFFATLGGEIGLWSLVVLAIERYVVVCKPMSNFRFGENHAIMGVAFT
                     WVMALACAAPPLVGWSRYIPEGMQCSCGIDYYTLKPEVNNESFVIYMFVVHFTIPMIV
                     IFFCYGQLVFTVKEAAAQQQESATTQKAEKEVTRMVIIMVIFFLICWLPYASVAMYIF
                     THQGSNFGPIFMTLPAFFAKTASIYNPIIYIMMNKQFRNCMLTTLCCGKNPLGDDEAS
                     ATASKTETSQVAPA"
     exon            445..613
                     /gene="Rho"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            614..779
                     /gene="Rho"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            780..1019
                     /gene="Rho"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1020..1493
                     /gene="Rho"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 ggagccgtag gtagctgagc tcgccaggca gccttggtct ctgtctacga acagcccgtg
       61 gggcagcctc aagggccgca gccatgaacg gcacagaggg ccccaatttt tatgtgccct
      121 tctccaacat cacgggcgtg gtgcgcagcc cctttgagca gccgcagtac tacctggcgg
      181 agccatggca gttctccatg ctggcagcct acatgttcct gctcatcgtg ctgggcttcc
      241 ccatcaactt cctcacgctc tacgtcaccg tacagcacaa gaagctgcgc acaccactca
      301 actacatcct gctcaacttg gctgtggctg acctcttcat ggtcttcgga ggattcacca
      361 ccaccctcta cacctcactg catggctact ttgtctttgg gcccacaggc tgcaaccttg
      421 agggcttctt tgccaccctt ggaggtgaaa tcggcctgtg gtccctggta gtcctggcca
      481 ttgagcgcta cgtggtggtc tgcaagccca tgagcaactt ccgctttggg gagaatcatg
      541 ccattatggg tgtggccttc acctgggtca tggcgttggc ctgtgctgct cccccactgg
      601 ttggctggtc caggtacatc cccgagggca tgcagtgttc atgtgggatt gactactata
      661 cactcaagcc tgaggtcaac aatgagtcct tcgtcatcta catgttcgtg gtccacttca
      721 ccatccccat gatcgtcatc ttcttctgct acgggcagct ggtcttcacc gtcaaggagg
      781 ccgccgccca gcaacaggag tcggctacca ctcagaaggc agagaaggaa gtcacgcgca
      841 tggtcatcat catggtcatc ttcttcctga tctgctggct tccctatgcc agtgtggcca
      901 tgtacatctt tacccaccag ggctccaact tcggccccat cttcatgacc cttcccgctt
      961 tctttgctaa gaccgcctcc atctacaacc caatcatcta catcatgatg aacaagcagt
     1021 tccggaactg catgctcacc acgctctgct gcggcaagaa tccactggga gatgatgagg
     1081 cctctgccac tgcctccaag acggagacca gccaggtggc tccagcctaa gcctggccag
     1141 agactgtggc tgactgtagg agtctcctgt ccccactcac cccagccaca gcccccacca
     1201 ggagcagcac ccgttggaat gaggtcatgc aggctccctc agtgttcttt tctttgtttt
     1261 taatgaattc atgaaagcaa aatgaggctc cccactcaac agggacagcc tgacaaagga
     1321 catccatcca ccaagacccc cagcctggag tccccaattc ccgggggcca gcgggatctg
     1381 tacccctccc ctcagcttgt gtctcaggaa catgacaagt gtcccggctt acggctaagt
     1441 gtctaggaca gaatggaaca catagtagct gattaataaa tgctacctgg atg
//
