LOCUS       NM_021740               1206 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 03-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus prothymosin alpha (Ptma), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_021740
VERSION     NM_021740.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1206)
  AUTHORS   Ferrara,D., Pariante,P., Di Matteo,L., Serino,I., Oko,R. and
            Minucci,S.
  TITLE     First evidence of prothymosin alpha localization in the acrosome of
            mammalian male gametes
  JOURNAL   J Cell Physiol 228 (8), 1629-1637 (2013)
   PUBMED   23359453
  REMARK    GeneRIF: PTMA is specifically localized in the acrosome of
            epididymal sperm
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1206)
  AUTHORS   Halder,S.K., Matsunaga,H., Yamaguchi,H. and Ueda,H.
  TITLE     Novel neuroprotective action of prothymosin alpha-derived peptide
            against retinal and brain ischemic damages
  JOURNAL   J Neurochem 125 (5), 713-723 (2013)
   PUBMED   23278181
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The active core peptide sequence P30 (amino acids 49-78)
            of prothymosin alpha exerts its full survival effect in cultured
            cortical neurons against ischemic stress.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1206)
  AUTHORS   Matsunaga,H. and Ueda,H.
  TITLE     Stress-induced non-vesicular release of prothymosin-alpha initiated
            by an interaction with S100A13, and its blockade by caspase-3
            cleavage
  JOURNAL   Cell Death Differ 17 (11), 1760-1772 (2010)
   PUBMED   20467443
  REMARK    GeneRIF: results suggest necrosis-inducing stress induces an
            extacellular release of prothymosin-alpha in a non-vesicular
            manner; apoptosis-inducing stress does not, owing to loss of its
            interaction with S100A13, a cargo molecule for extracellular
            release
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1206)
  AUTHORS   Ferrara,D., Izzo,G., Pariante,P., Donizetti,A., d'Istria,M.,
            Aniello,F. and Minucci,S.
  TITLE     Expression of prothymosin alpha in meiotic and post-meiotic germ
            cells during the first wave of rat spermatogenesis
  JOURNAL   J Cell Physiol 224 (2), 362-368 (2010)
   PUBMED   20432433
  REMARK    GeneRIF: PTMA specific localization in the heads of spermatids and
            epididymal spermatozoa, associated with the acrosome system,
            supports for the first time the hypothesis of a direct function in
            male germ cells.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1206)
  AUTHORS   George,E.M. and Brown,D.T.
  TITLE     Prothymosin alpha is a component of a linker histone chaperone
  JOURNAL   FEBS Lett 584 (13), 2833-2836 (2010)
   PUBMED   20434447
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1206)
  AUTHORS   Eilers,M., Schirm,S. and Bishop,J.M.
  TITLE     The MYC protein activates transcription of the alpha-prothymosin
            gene
  JOURNAL   EMBO J 10 (1), 133-141 (1991)
   PUBMED   1989881
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1206)
  AUTHORS   Palvimo,J. and Linnala-Kankkunen,A.
  TITLE     Identification of a low-Mr acidic nuclear protein as prothymosin
            alpha
  JOURNAL   FEBS Lett 277 (1-2), 257-260 (1990)
   PUBMED   2269362
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1206)
  AUTHORS   Oikawa,M., Dargan,C., Ny,T. and Hsueh,A.J.
  TITLE     Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and prothymosin-alpha
            messenger ribonucleic acid in the ovary
  JOURNAL   Endocrinology 127 (5), 2350-2356 (1990)
   PUBMED   2226321
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1206)
  AUTHORS   Frangou-Lazaridis,M., Clinton,M., Goodall,G.J. and Horecker,B.L.
  TITLE     Prothymosin alpha and parathymosin: amino acid sequences deduced
            from the cloned rat spleen cDNAs
  JOURNAL   Arch Biochem Biophys 263 (2), 305-310 (1988)
   PUBMED   3377505
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1206)
  AUTHORS   Haritos,A.A., Blacher,R., Stein,S., Caldarella,J. and Horecker,B.L.
  TITLE     Primary structure of rat thymus prothymosin alpha
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82 (2), 343-346 (1985)
   PUBMED   3855555
COMMENT     VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
            preliminary review. The reference sequence was derived from
            JAXUCZ010000009.1.
            
            On Nov 30, 2020 this sequence version replaced NM_021740.1.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: FQ231794.1, FQ228001.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA5760383, SAMEA5760386
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-227               JAXUCZ010000009.1  94624194-94624420
            228-299             JAXUCZ010000009.1  94626685-94626756
            300-396             JAXUCZ010000009.1  94626953-94627049
            397-470             JAXUCZ010000009.1  94627271-94627344
            471-1206            JAXUCZ010000009.1  94627541-94628276
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1206
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="BN"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="9"
                     /map="9q35"
     gene            1..1206
                     /gene="Ptma"
                     /note="prothymosin alpha"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:29222"
                     /db_xref="RGD:61829"
     exon            1..227
                     /gene="Ptma"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             183..521
                     /gene="Ptma"
                     /note="alpha-prothymosin"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="prothymosin alpha"
                     /protein_id="NP_068508.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:29222"
                     /db_xref="RGD:61829"
                     /translation="MSDAAVDTSSEITTKDLKEKKEVVEEAENGRDAPANGNAQNEEN
                     GEQEADNEVDEEEEEGGEEEEEEEEGDGEEEDGDEDEEAEAPTGKRVAEDDEDDDVET
                     KKQKKTDEDD"
     exon            228..299
                     /gene="Ptma"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            300..396
                     /gene="Ptma"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            397..470
                     /gene="Ptma"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            471..1206
                     /gene="Ptma"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 cccccactgg ctgctccgaa aagccatctt tgcattgttc ccgggtcgtg ctccgcgctc
       61 actgcagcca ccttcgccgc ccaccgtctc ctccaacgcg gactccggca gctttctcgc
      121 cagagtcctc gaaactcgac taattcctta cgcgtagcac cagaccaccg gcgtgcccca
      181 ccatgtcaga cgcggcagtg gacaccagct ccgagatcac caccaaggac ttgaaggaga
      241 agaaggaagt tgtggaggag gcagagaatg gaagagacgc acctgccaat gggaacgctc
      301 aaaatgagga aaatggggag caggaggctg acaatgaggt agatgaagaa gaggaagaag
      361 gtggggagga agaggaggag gaggaagaag gtgatggtga ggaagaagat ggagatgaag
      421 atgaggaagc tgaggctcct acgggcaagc gggtagctga ggatgatgag gatgatgatg
      481 ttgagaccaa gaagcagaag aagactgatg aggatgacta gacagcaaaa ggaaaagcta
      541 accttacgca ccgtgaccta ttcaccctcc acttcccgtc tcagaattta aacgtggtca
      601 ccttcgagta gagaagcagg cccccgcccg cccactgcgg gcagtgccac ccacacatga
      661 catgcgctct tcaccacccc accaaaacca caacatgaat tggcaacatg ggaggagaaa
      721 agaaccagaa cttcccaggc cctgcttttt ttcttaaaaa tactttaaaa ggaaaatttg
      781 tttgtatttt ttatttacat tttatatttt tgtacatatt gttaggggtc agccattttt
      841 aatgataacg ggtgaccaaa ccagccttca gagcgttttc tgtcctactt cagactttac
      901 ttgtggtgtg accatgttca ttatactctc aaaggagaaa aaaaaccttg taaaaaaaac
      961 aaaaacaaca acaaaaaaaa caatcttatt ctgagcattc cagtaacttt ttttgtgtat
     1021 gtacctagct gtactataag tagttggttt gtatgagatg gttaaaaagg ccaaagataa
     1081 aaagattttt ttttcctttt tttttgtcta tgaagttgct gtttattttt ttggcctgtt
     1141 tgatgtatgt gtgaaacaat gtccaacaat aaaccggaat tttattttgc tgagttgttc
     1201 taacaa
//
