LOCUS       NM_033235               1878 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 04-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus malate dehydrogenase 1 (Mdh1), transcript variant
            1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_033235
VERSION     NM_033235.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1878)
  AUTHORS   Stiebler,A.C., Freitag,J., Schink,K.O., Stehlik,T., Tillmann,B.A.,
            Ast,J. and Bolker,M.
  TITLE     Ribosomal readthrough at a short UGA stop codon context triggers
            dual localization of metabolic enzymes in Fungi and animals
  JOURNAL   PLoS Genet 10 (10), e1004685 (2014)
   PUBMED   25340584
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1878)
  AUTHORS   Guimaraes Filho,A., Cunha,R.M., Vasconcelos,P.R. and Guimaraes,S.B.
  TITLE     Glutamine and ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation on
            malate dehydrogenases expression in hepatectomized rats
  JOURNAL   Acta Cir Bras 29 (6), 365-370 (2014)
   PUBMED   24919044
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1878)
  AUTHORS   Bohm,D., Keller,K., Pieter,J., Boehm,N., Wolters,D., Siggelkow,W.,
            Lebrecht,A., Schmidt,M., Kolbl,H., Pfeiffer,N. and Grus,F.H.
  TITLE     Comparison of tear protein levels in breast cancer patients and
            healthy controls using a de novo proteomic approach
  JOURNAL   Oncol Rep 28 (2), 429-438 (2012)
   PUBMED   22664934
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1878)
  AUTHORS   Gonzales,P.A., Pisitkun,T., Hoffert,J.D., Tchapyjnikov,D.,
            Star,R.A., Kleta,R., Wang,N.S. and Knepper,M.A.
  TITLE     Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes
  JOURNAL   J Am Soc Nephrol 20 (2), 363-379 (2009)
   PUBMED   19056867
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1878)
  AUTHORS   Ying,W.
  TITLE     NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH in cellular functions and cell death:
            regulation and biological consequences
  JOURNAL   Antioxid Redox Signal 10 (2), 179-206 (2008)
   PUBMED   18020963
  REMARK    Review article
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1878)
  AUTHORS   Tan,C., Tuch,B.E., Tu,J. and Brown,S.A.
  TITLE     Role of NADH shuttles in glucose-induced insulin secretion from
            fetal beta-cells
  JOURNAL   Diabetes 51 (10), 2989-2996 (2002)
   PUBMED   12351438
  REMARK    Erratum:[Diabetes 2003 Jan;52(1):224]
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1878)
  AUTHORS   Beier,H. and Grimm,M.
  TITLE     Misreading of termination codons in eukaryotes by natural nonsense
            suppressor tRNAs
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res 29 (23), 4767-4782 (2001)
   PUBMED   11726686
  REMARK    Review article
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1878)
  AUTHORS   Chapman,A.D., Cortes,A., Dafforn,T.R., Clarke,A.R. and Brady,R.L.
  TITLE     Structural basis of substrate specificity in malate dehydrogenases:
            crystal structure of a ternary complex of porcine cytoplasmic
            malate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketomalonate and tetrahydoNAD
  JOURNAL   J Mol Biol 285 (2), 703-712 (1999)
   PUBMED   10075524
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1878)
  AUTHORS   Joh,T., Takeshima,H., Tsuzuki,T., Setoyama,C., Shimada,K.,
            Tanase,S., Kuramitsu,S., Kagamiyama,H. and Morino,Y.
  TITLE     Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding mammalian cytosolic
            malate dehydrogenase. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of
            mammalian and bacterial malate dehydrogenase
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 262 (31), 15127-15131 (1987)
   PUBMED   3312200
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1878)
  AUTHORS   Smit,M.J., Duursma,A.M., Bouma,J.M. and Gruber,M.
  TITLE     Receptor-mediated endocytosis of lactate dehydrogenase M4 by liver
            macrophages: a mechanism for elimination of enzymes from plasma.
            Evidence for competition by creatine kinase MM, adenylate kinase,
            malate, and alcohol dehydrogenase
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 262 (27), 13020-13026 (1987)
   PUBMED   2820961
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from FM081843.1, FN799180.1,
            FM055335.1, FM085125.1, FM108375.1 and FM086546.1.
            
            On Oct 28, 2015 this sequence version replaced NM_033235.1.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the
            NAD/NADH-dependent, reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate
            in many metabolic pathways, including the citric acid cycle. Two
            main isozymes are known to exist in eukaryotic cells: one is found
            in the mitochondrial matrix and the other in the cytoplasm. This
            gene encodes the cytosolic isozyme, which plays a key role in the
            malate-aspartate shuttle that allows malate to pass through the
            mitochondrial membrane to be transformed into oxaloacetate for
            further cellular processes. A recent study showed that a
            C-terminally extended isoform is produced by use of an alternative
            in-frame translation termination codon via a stop codon readthrough
            mechanism, and that this isoform is localized in the peroxisomes.
            [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016].
            
            Transcript Variant: This transcript (1) encodes two isoforms, which
            result from the use of alternative in-frame translation termination
            codons. The shorter isoform (Mdh1) results from translation
            termination at the upstream UGA stop codon, while the longer
            isoform (Mdh1x) results from UGA stop codon readthrough to the
            downstream UGA termination codon. This RefSeq represents the
            shorter isoform (Mdh1), which is localized in the cytosol.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: FQ215603.1, FQ217819.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA5756307, SAMEA5760393
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-639               FM081843.1         1-639
            640-718             FN799180.1         626-704
            719-1154            FM055335.1         13-448
            1155-1321           FM085125.1         460-626
            1322-1801           FM108375.1         116-595
            1802-1838           FM086546.1         608-644
            1839-1878           FM108375.1         633-672
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1878
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="BN"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="14"
                     /map="14q22"
     gene            1..1878
                     /gene="Mdh1"
                     /gene_synonym="KAR; Mdhl; MDL1; Mor2"
                     /note="malate dehydrogenase 1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:24551"
                     /db_xref="RGD:3072"
     exon            1..80
                     /gene="Mdh1"
                     /gene_synonym="KAR; Mdhl; MDL1; Mor2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             78..1082
                     /gene="Mdh1"
                     /gene_synonym="KAR; Mdhl; MDL1; Mor2"
                     /EC_number="1.1.1.37"
                     /EC_number="1.1.1.96"
                     /note="isoform Mdh1 is encoded by transcript variant 1;
                     malate dehydrogenase, soluble; malate dehydrogenase,
                     cytoplasmic; cytosolic malate dehydrogenase; Malate
                     dehydrogenase-like enzyme; malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD
                     (soluble); malate dehydrogenase, peroxisomal; aromatic
                     alpha-keto acid reductase"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic isoform Mdh1"
                     /protein_id="NP_150238.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:24551"
                     /db_xref="RGD:3072"
                     /translation="MSEPIRVLVTGAAGQIAYSLLYSIGNGSVFGKDQPIILVLLDIT
                     PMMGVLDGVLMELQDCALPLLQDVIATDKEEVAFKDLDVAVLVGSMPRREGMERKDLL
                     KANVKIFKSQGAALEKYAKKSVKVIVVGNPANTNCLTASKSAPSIPKENFSCLTRLDH
                     NRAKSQIALKLGVTADDVKNVIIWGNHSSTQYPDVNHAKVKLQGKEVGVYEALKDDSW
                     LKGEFITTVQQRGAAVIKARKLSSAMSAAKAISDHIRDIWFGTPEGEFVSMGVISDGN
                     SYGVPDDLLYSFPVVIKNKTWKFVEGLPINDFSREKMDLTAKELTEEKETAFEFLSSA
                     "
     exon            81..179
                     /gene="Mdh1"
                     /gene_synonym="KAR; Mdhl; MDL1; Mor2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            180..276
                     /gene="Mdh1"
                     /gene_synonym="KAR; Mdhl; MDL1; Mor2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            277..452
                     /gene="Mdh1"
                     /gene_synonym="KAR; Mdhl; MDL1; Mor2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            453..575
                     /gene="Mdh1"
                     /gene_synonym="KAR; Mdhl; MDL1; Mor2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            576..752
                     /gene="Mdh1"
                     /gene_synonym="KAR; Mdhl; MDL1; Mor2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            753..866
                     /gene="Mdh1"
                     /gene_synonym="KAR; Mdhl; MDL1; Mor2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            867..956
                     /gene="Mdh1"
                     /gene_synonym="KAR; Mdhl; MDL1; Mor2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            957..1878
                     /gene="Mdh1"
                     /gene_synonym="KAR; Mdhl; MDL1; Mor2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1260..1265
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Mdh1"
                     /gene_synonym="KAR; Mdhl; MDL1; Mor2"
     polyA_site      1282
                     /gene="Mdh1"
                     /gene_synonym="KAR; Mdhl; MDL1; Mor2"
     regulatory      1732..1737
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Mdh1"
                     /gene_synonym="KAR; Mdhl; MDL1; Mor2"
ORIGIN      
        1 ctgttccgct gtagaggtga cctgactgct ggagactgtc tttgctggtg cagagatcgg
       61 ccttgcagtt tgcaataatg tctgagccaa tcagagtcct cgtgacagga gcagccggtc
      121 agattgcata ttcgctgctg tacagcattg gaaatggatc tgtctttggg aaagaccagc
      181 ccatcattct tgtgctgttg gacatcaccc ccatgatggg tgttctggac ggtgtcctga
      241 tggagctgca agactgtgcc cttccccttc tgcaggatgt cattgcaaca gacaaagaag
      301 aggttgcctt caaagacctg gacgtggctg tccttgtggg ctccatgcca agaagggagg
      361 gcatggagag gaaggaccta ctgaaagcca acgtgaagat cttcaaatcc cagggcgcag
      421 ccttggagaa gtacgccaag aaatcagtta aggtcattgt tgtggggaac ccagccaata
      481 caaactgcct gacggcctcc aagtcagcac catcgatccc caaggagaac ttcagttgcc
      541 tgactcgatt ggaccacaac cgagcaaaat ctcaaattgc tcttaaactc ggtgtaaccg
      601 ctgatgatgt aaaaaatgtc attatctggg gaaatcattc atcaacccag tatccagatg
      661 tcaatcatgc caaggtgaaa ttgcaaggaa aagaagttgg tgtgtatgaa gccctcaaag
      721 acgacagctg gctcaaggga gagttcatca cgactgtgca gcagcgtggt gctgctgtca
      781 tcaaggctcg gaagctgtcc agtgccatgt ctgctgcgaa ggccatctcg gaccacatca
      841 gagacatctg gtttggaacc ccggagggcg agttcgtgtc gatgggcgta atctctgatg
      901 gcaactccta tggtgtccct gatgacctgc tctactcgtt ccctgtcgtg atcaagaata
      961 agacctggaa gtttgttgaa ggcctcccca ttaacgactt ctcccgtgag aagatggacc
     1021 tgacagcaaa ggagctgacc gaggaaaagg aaacggcttt tgagtttctc tcctccgcat
     1081 gactacacag tcgtgttgac gtcagcagac atcccaaggc tgaggaatca aaatgtcgtc
     1141 tttgagccta gtaccaaaca gtaataatgc tacattcaga ttgtgaacag caaaatattt
     1201 taaatattat gtgctttgtg attcgtgaaa gtctatcatg ttgttagtgc tgcgatctaa
     1261 ataaaagtat attcaagtga aagtctcagc ctctatttct agcttatact tagtgtgctc
     1321 agaaaaatag attagaattt tgcctttttc actgagtaga agaagtaaaa gtggaaaatg
     1381 ttaggaagca ttagtctaac atagacaagg aagccaatcg atctatttca gagggatccc
     1441 attacgtaaa tgagttattt atattttaag tccttaaagg ttggttcatg ttttgttcat
     1501 attctgattt taaaattagc tgtaagaagg tcgcagataa gctatcttcc ttatattcta
     1561 tagcagaata gtggaatcgt taatatttga tagccgataa ctgccacagt attagtgttt
     1621 tgagctaagg ttgttagaag cataatcctg tgctttcaag gcagtctgtc tccccccagg
     1681 aacgcctgta tcatcttttc atcttcctgc ttttagtgca ttactcaagg caataaatag
     1741 aaccatagtc tcacggcttt tgtaacgcct tttgtggata ctcaaatact tgctggttag
     1801 gtttgctact tacctgtatt ggtaaatagt atctgtattg gagcttgtac agtgtttgcc
     1861 taaccctcat gaagccct
//
