LOCUS       NM_173094               2007 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 17-MAR-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2
            (Hmgcs2), mRNA; nuclear gene for mitochondrial product.
ACCESSION   NM_173094
VERSION     NM_173094.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2007)
  AUTHORS   Wang,Y., Ping,L.F., Bai,F.Y., Zhang,X.H. and Li,G.H.
  TITLE     Hmgcs2 is the hub gene in diabetic cardiomyopathy and is negatively
            regulated by Hmgcs2, promoting high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte
            injury
  JOURNAL   Immun Inflamm Dis 12 (3), e1191 (2024)
   PUBMED   38477658
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Hmgcs2 is the hub gene in diabetic cardiomyopathy and is
            negatively regulated by Hmgcs2, promoting high glucose-induced
            cardiomyocyte injury.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2007)
  AUTHORS   Tan,W., Bao,H., Liu,Z., Liu,Y., Hong,L. and Shao,L.
  TITLE     Protein PDK4 Interacts with HMGCS2 to Facilitate High
            Glucoseinduced Myocardial Injuries
  JOURNAL   Curr Mol Med 23 (10), 1104-1115 (2023)
   PUBMED   36281857
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Protein PDK4 Interacts with HMGCS2 to Facilitate High
            Glucoseinduced Myocardial Injuries.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2007)
  AUTHORS   Su,S.G., Yang,M., Zhang,M.F., Peng,Q.Z., Li,M.Y., Liu,L.P. and
            Bao,S.Y.
  TITLE     miR-107-mediated decrease of HMGCS2 indicates poor outcomes and
            promotes cell migration in hepatocellular carcinoma
  JOURNAL   Int J Biochem Cell Biol 91 (Pt A), 53-59 (2017)
   PUBMED   28867541
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2007)
  AUTHORS   Wang,F., Xiang,H., Fischer,G., Liu,Z., Dupont,M.J., Hogan,Q.H. and
            Yu,H.
  TITLE     HMG-CoA synthase isoenzymes 1 and 2 localize to satellite glial
            cells in dorsal root ganglia and are differentially regulated by
            peripheral nerve injury
  JOURNAL   Brain Res 1652, 62-70 (2016)
   PUBMED   27671501
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Results identify 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A
            synthase isoenzymes 1 and 2 as the alternative markers for
            satellite glial cells (SGCs) in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs).
            Downregulated HMGCS1 expression in DRGs after spinal nerve injury
            may reflect a potential role of abnormal sterol metabolism of SGCs
            in the nerve injured-induced neuropathic pain.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2007)
  AUTHORS   Martin,J., Balmer,M.L., Rajendran,S., Maurhofer,O., Dufour,J.F. and
            St-Pierre,M.V.
  TITLE     Nutritional stress exacerbates hepatic steatosis induced by
            deletion of the histidine nucleotide-binding (Hint2) mitochondrial
            protein
  JOURNAL   Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 310 (7), G497-G509 (2016)
   PUBMED   26767982
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2007)
  AUTHORS   Serra,D., Casals,N., Asins,G., Royo,T., Ciudad,C.J. and
            Hegardt,F.G.
  TITLE     Regulation of mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A
            synthase protein by starvation, fat feeding, and diabetes
  JOURNAL   Arch Biochem Biophys 307 (1), 40-45 (1993)
   PUBMED   7902069
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2007)
  AUTHORS   Ayte,J., Gil-Gomez,G. and Hegardt,F.G.
  TITLE     Methylation of the regulatory region of the mitochondrial
            3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase gene leads to its
            transcriptional inactivation
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 295 (Pt 3) (Pt 3), 807-812 (1993)
   PUBMED   7694571
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2007)
  AUTHORS   Ayte,J., Gil-Gomez,G., Haro,D., Marrero,P.F. and Hegardt,F.G.
  TITLE     Rat mitochondrial and cytosolic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA
            synthases are encoded by two different genes
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87 (10), 3874-3878 (1990)
   PUBMED   1971108
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2007)
  AUTHORS   Quant,P.A., Tubbs,P.K. and Brand,M.D.
  TITLE     Glucagon activates mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA
            synthase in vivo by decreasing the extent of succinylation of the
            enzyme
  JOURNAL   Eur J Biochem 187 (1), 169-174 (1990)
   PUBMED   1967579
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2007)
  AUTHORS   Patel,T.B. and Clark,J.B.
  TITLE     Acetoacetate metabolism in rat brain. Development of
            acetoacetyl-coenzyme A deacylase and
            3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 176 (3), 951-958 (1978)
   PUBMED   34385
COMMENT     PROVISIONAL REFSEQ: This record has not yet been subject to final
            NCBI review. The reference sequence was derived from BC083543.1.
            
            On Aug 16, 2012 this sequence version replaced NM_173094.1.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC083543.1, M33648.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA5756307, SAMEA5760383
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            gene product(s) localized to mito. :: inferred from homology
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on conservation,
                                                  expression, longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2007
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="2"
                     /map="2q34"
     gene            1..2007
                     /gene="Hmgcs2"
                     /gene_synonym="Hmgcs1; Mt3h3mg"
                     /note="3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:24450"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2804"
     exon            1..135
                     /gene="Hmgcs2"
                     /gene_synonym="Hmgcs1; Mt3h3mg"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             32..1558
                     /gene="Hmgcs2"
                     /gene_synonym="Hmgcs1; Mt3h3mg"
                     /EC_number="2.3.3.10"
                     /note="hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2;
                     hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, mitochondrial; HMG-CoA
                     synthase; 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase;
                     3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-Coenzyme A synthase 2;
                     3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2
                     (mitochondrial); 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2
                     (mitochondrial)"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase,
                     mitochondrial precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_775117.2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:24450"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2804"
                     /translation="MQRLLAPARRVLQVKRVMQESSLSPAHLLPAAQQRFSTIPPAPL
                     AKTDTWPKDVGILALEVYFPAQYVDQTDLEKFNNVEAGKYTVGLGQTRMGFCSVQEDI
                     NSLCLTVVQRLMERTKLPWDAVGRLEVGTETIIDKSKAVKTVLMELFQDSGNTDIEGI
                     DTTNACYGGTASLFNAANWMESSYWDGRYALVVCGDIAVYPSGNARPTGGAGAVAMLI
                     GPKAPLVLEQGLRGTHMENAYDFYKPNLASEYPLVDGKLSIQCYLRALDRCYAAYRRK
                     IQNQWKQAGNNQPFTLDDVQYMIFHTPFCKMVQKSLARLMFNDFLSSSSDKQNNLYKG
                     LEAFKGLKLEETYTNKDVDKALLKASLDMFNKKTKASLYLSTNNGNMYTSSLYGCLAS
                     LLSHHSAQELAGSRIGAFSYGSGLAASFFSFRVSKDASPGSPLEKLVSSVSDLPKRLD
                     SRRRMSPEEFTEIMNQREQFYHKVNFSPPGDTSNLFPGTWYLERVDEMHRRKYARRPV
                     "
     exon            136..590
                     /gene="Hmgcs2"
                     /gene_synonym="Hmgcs1; Mt3h3mg"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            591..716
                     /gene="Hmgcs2"
                     /gene_synonym="Hmgcs1; Mt3h3mg"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            717..881
                     /gene="Hmgcs2"
                     /gene_synonym="Hmgcs1; Mt3h3mg"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            882..1047
                     /gene="Hmgcs2"
                     /gene_synonym="Hmgcs1; Mt3h3mg"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1048..1218
                     /gene="Hmgcs2"
                     /gene_synonym="Hmgcs1; Mt3h3mg"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1219..1325
                     /gene="Hmgcs2"
                     /gene_synonym="Hmgcs1; Mt3h3mg"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1326..1451
                     /gene="Hmgcs2"
                     /gene_synonym="Hmgcs1; Mt3h3mg"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1452..1566
                     /gene="Hmgcs2"
                     /gene_synonym="Hmgcs1; Mt3h3mg"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1567..1980
                     /gene="Hmgcs2"
                     /gene_synonym="Hmgcs1; Mt3h3mg"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 ggactgctgg ctttctgttg ataccttaga gatgcagcgg cttttggctc cagcaaggcg
       61 ggtcctgcaa gtgaagagag tgatgcagga atcttcgctc tcacccgctc acctgctccc
      121 cgcagcccag cagaggtttt ctacaatccc tcctgctccc ctggccaaaa ctgatacatg
      181 gccaaaagat gtgggcatcc ttgccctgga ggtctacttt ccagcccaat atgtggacca
      241 aactgacctg gagaagttca acaatgtgga agcagggaag tacacagtgg gcttgggcca
      301 gacccgtatg ggcttctgtt cggtccagga ggacatcaac tccctgtgcc tcacagtggt
      361 gcagaggctg atggaacgca caaagctgcc atgggatgcc gtaggccgcc tggaagtggg
      421 cacggaaacc atcattgaca agtccaaggc tgtcaagaca gtgctcatgg agctcttcca
      481 ggattcaggc aacactgaca tcgagggcat agataccacc aacgcctgct atggtggcac
      541 tgcctccctc ttcaacgctg ccaactggat ggagtccagc tactgggatg gtcgctatgc
      601 cctggtggtc tgtggtgata tcgcagtcta cccaagtggt aacgcccgcc ccacaggtgg
      661 tgccggggct gtggcaatgc tgattgggcc caaggccccg ctagtcctgg aacaagggct
      721 gaggggaacc cacatggaga acgcctatga cttctacaaa ccaaacttgg cctcagagta
      781 tccactggtg gatgggaagc tgtctatcca gtgctacctg cgggccttgg accgatgcta
      841 tgcagcttac cgcaggaaaa tccagaatca gtggaagcaa gctggaaaca accagccttt
      901 caccctcgat gacgtgcaat atatgatctt ccacacaccc ttttgcaaga tggtccagaa
      961 atccctagct cggctgatgt tcaatgactt cctgtcatct agcagtgaca agcagaacaa
     1021 cttatacaag ggtctagagg ccttcaaggg tctaaagctg gaagaaacct acaccaacaa
     1081 ggatgttgac aaggctctgc tgaaggcctc cctggacatg ttcaacaaga aaaccaaggc
     1141 ctccctttac ctctccacaa acaatgggaa catgtacacc tcgtccctct acgggtgcct
     1201 ggcctcactt ctctcccacc actctgccca agaattggcc ggctccagga ttggagcatt
     1261 ctcctacggc tcaggcttag cagcaagttt cttctcattt cgagtgtcca aggacgcttc
     1321 cccaggttcc cctctggaga agctggtgtc tagtgtgtca gatctgccca aacgtctaga
     1381 ctcccggaga cgcatgtccc ctgaggaatt cacagaaata atgaatcaga gagagcaatt
     1441 ttaccacaag gtgaacttct ctccccctgg tgacacaagc aacctcttcc caggcacttg
     1501 gtaccttgaa cgagtggatg agatgcaccg cagaaaatat gcccggcgtc ccgtctaagg
     1561 aggccaatcc atacaaccat tccccgggga aagaatgtga gcagagccgt tacccaaacg
     1621 gcttccactt aaaattccac ccacagcagt gaacggtgaa tagacacagc gaccccatag
     1681 gatctgctct gcggtgaagg gcctccctct gtggatcctg ggtgaccctc cctgaagcag
     1741 tgagcaccac aggttctgct gtggaccaga gcccccctgt ggagagggag aaagaaaggg
     1801 gagccgctga cctgcaggga tacagacctt ccccacagcc tggcagccgc ccgtttgttg
     1861 cagcttatta tcagactgtg ggctatcata gttcatgctc gtttcttaaa gtttcccgag
     1921 aatttctaaa attttgtatc taaactttta atatggcgat taaaaggaga gaaggaatga
     1981 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaa
//
