LOCUS       NM_013153               4174 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 30-MAR-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_013153
VERSION     NM_013153.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 4174)
  AUTHORS   Huang,Y., Askew,E.B., Knudson,C.B. and Knudson,W.
  TITLE     CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of HAS2 in rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes
            demonstrates the requirement of hyaluronan for aggrecan retention
  JOURNAL   Matrix Biol 56, 74-94 (2016)
   PUBMED   27094859
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Hyaluronan biosynthesis, by way of HAS2, is required for
            the retention of aggrecan.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 4174)
  AUTHORS   Bart,G., Vico,N.O., Hassinen,A., Pujol,F.M., Deen,A.J., Ruusala,A.,
            Tammi,R.H., Squire,A., Heldin,P., Kellokumpu,S. and Tammi,M.I.
  TITLE     Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and proximity
            ligation assays reveal functionally relevant homo- and heteromeric
            complexes among hyaluronan synthases HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 290 (18), 11479-11490 (2015)
   PUBMED   25795779
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 4174)
  AUTHORS   Tateya,I., Tateya,T., Watanuki,M. and Bless,D.M.
  TITLE     Homeostasis of hyaluronic acid in normal and scarred vocal folds
  JOURNAL   J Voice 29 (2), 133-139 (2015)
   PUBMED   25499520
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Expression patterns of Has and Hyal genes differed between
            normal, acute-scarred, and chronic-scarred vocal folds, indicating
            the distinct roles of each enzyme in maintaining HA.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 4174)
  AUTHORS   Torronen,K., Nikunen,K., Karna,R., Tammi,M., Tammi,R. and Rilla,K.
  TITLE     Tissue distribution and subcellular localization of hyaluronan
            synthase isoenzymes
  JOURNAL   Histochem Cell Biol 141 (1), 17-31 (2014)
   PUBMED   24057227
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 4174)
  AUTHORS   Takahashi,N., Tarumi,W. and Ishizuka,B.
  TITLE     Involvement of hyaluronan synthesis in ovarian follicle growth in
            rats
  JOURNAL   Reproduction 147 (2), 189-197 (2013)
   PUBMED   24218629
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 4174)
  AUTHORS   Oishi,Y., Kato,H. and Noguchi,T.
  TITLE     Dietary protein as a potent regulator of the hyaluronan synthase
            gene in rat skin
  JOURNAL   Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 67 (4), 736-742 (2003)
   PUBMED   12784612
  REMARK    GeneRIF: protein malnutrition has a primary impact on the gene
            expression of Has2 and Has3, which leads to the reduction of
            hyaluronan content and to disfunction of the skin
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 4174)
  AUTHORS   Rilla,K., Lammi,M.J., Sironen,R., Torronen,K., Luukkonen,M.,
            Hascall,V.C., Midura,R.J., Hyttinen,M., Pelkonen,J., Tammi,M. and
            Tammi,R.
  TITLE     Changed lamellipodial extension, adhesion plaques and migration in
            epidermal keratinocytes containing constitutively expressed sense
            and antisense hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2) genes
  JOURNAL   J Cell Sci 115 (Pt 18), 3633-3643 (2002)
   PUBMED   12186949
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 4174)
  AUTHORS   Wang,H., Zhan,Y., Xu,L., Feuerstein,G.Z. and Wang,X.
  TITLE     Use of suppression subtractive hybridization for differential gene
            expression in stroke: discovery of CD44 gene expression and
            localization in permanent focal stroke in rats
  JOURNAL   Stroke 32 (4), 1020-1027 (2001)
   PUBMED   11283406
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 4174)
  AUTHORS   Camenisch,T.D., Spicer,A.P., Brehm-Gibson,T., Biesterfeldt,J.,
            Augustine,M.L., Calabro,A. Jr., Kubalak,S., Klewer,S.E. and
            McDonald,J.A.
  TITLE     Disruption of hyaluronan synthase-2 abrogates normal cardiac
            morphogenesis and hyaluronan-mediated transformation of epithelium
            to mesenchyme
  JOURNAL   J Clin Invest 106 (3), 349-360 (2000)
   PUBMED   10930438
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 4174)
  AUTHORS   Itano,N., Sawai,T., Yoshida,M., Lenas,P., Yamada,Y., Imagawa,M.,
            Shinomura,T., Hamaguchi,M., Yoshida,Y., Ohnuki,Y., Miyauchi,S.,
            Spicer,A.P., McDonald,J.A. and Kimata,K.
  TITLE     Three isoforms of mammalian hyaluronan synthases have distinct
            enzymatic properties
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 274 (35), 25085-25092 (1999)
   PUBMED   10455188
COMMENT     PROVISIONAL REFSEQ: This record has not yet been subject to final
            NCBI review. The reference sequence was derived from
            JAXUCZ010000007.1.
            
            On Nov 26, 2020 this sequence version replaced NM_013153.1.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AF008201.1, SRR26643295.28764.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMN06621351, SAMN09345238
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-507               JAXUCZ010000007.1  90028427-90028933   c
            508-1134            JAXUCZ010000007.1  90017909-90018535   c
            1135-1236           JAXUCZ010000007.1  90007130-90007231   c
            1237-4174           JAXUCZ010000007.1  90002929-90005866   c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..4174
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="BN"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="7"
                     /map="7q33"
     gene            1..4174
                     /gene="Has2"
                     /note="hyaluronan synthase 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:25694"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2781"
     exon            1..507
                     /gene="Has2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             508..2166
                     /gene="Has2"
                     /EC_number="2.4.1.212"
                     /note="HA synthase 2; hyaluronate synthase 2; hyaluronic
                     acid synthase 2"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="hyaluronan synthase 2"
                     /protein_id="NP_037285.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:25694"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2781"
                     /translation="MHCERFLCVLRIIGTTLFGVSLLLGITAAYIVGYQFIQTDNYYF
                     SFGLYGAFLASHLIIQSLFAFLEHRKMKKSLETPIKLNKTVALCIAAYQEDPDYLRKC
                     LQSVKRLTYPGIKVVMVIDGNSDDDLYMMDIFSEVMGRDKSVTYIWKNNFHERGPGET
                     EESHKESSQHVTQLVLSNKSICIMQKWGGKREVMYTAFRALGRSVDYVQVCDSDTMLD
                     PASSVEMVKVLEEDPMVGGVGGDVQILNKYDSWISFLSSVRYWMAFNIERACQSYFGC
                     VQCISGPLGMYRNSLLHEFVEDWYNQEFMGNQCSFGDDRHLTNRVLSLGYATKYTARS
                     KCLTETPIEYLRWLNQQTRWSKSYFREWLYNAMWFHKHHLWMTYEAVITGFFPFFLIA
                     TVIQLFYRGKIWNILLFLLTVQLVGLIKSSFASCLRGNIVMVFMSLYSVLYMSSLLPA
                     KMFAIATINKAGWGTSGRKTIVVNFIGLIPVSVWFTILLGGVIFTIYKESKKPFSESK
                     QTVLIVGTLIYACYWVVLLTLYVVLINKCGRRKKGQQYDMVLDV"
     exon            508..1134
                     /gene="Has2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1135..1236
                     /gene="Has2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1237..4174
                     /gene="Has2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 cagcgaagaa ggagaagtca aggcgtctgg aaagaattac ccagtcctgg ctctgagcag
       61 cccattgaac cggggacttg aaccagccaa agacctccat tccgctcttg ctaggctctg
      121 ctgagtcttc accggacttt taggttgatg tggaaaaagg agactttgcc ttgtcggagg
      181 gaaggggatt ggagcaaata gcaaaacagg ggaaaattta atttattttt aaagcacatt
      241 taacaaaaaa atttagaaga cttaaatgca acggaaataa taaaagagca tattaatgca
      301 ttttcttctc aaagagggga gaaccaaaca tttaaggctc cccccatttt ttttttaaat
      361 gttgttttta aatttcttat tttttttggc cggtcgtctc aaattcatct gatttcttat
      421 tacctcaatt ttggaaactt ccttccacga ccctccggga ccacacagac aggcggagga
      481 cgagtctatg agcaggagct gaacaagatg cattgtgaga ggtttctatg tgtcctgaga
      541 ataatcggaa ccacactgtt tggagtgtct ctcctcctcg gaatcacagc tgcttatatt
      601 gttggctacc agtttatcca aacagataat tactatttct cctttgggct gtatggtgcc
      661 tttttagcct cacacctcat catccaaagc ctctttgcct ttttggaaca ccggaaaatg
      721 aaaaagtccc ttgaaacccc cattaaattg aacaaaactg tagctctctg cattgctgcg
      781 tatcaagaag accctgacta cttacggaaa tgtttgcaat ctgtgaaaag gctgacctac
      841 cctgggatca aagtcgtgat ggtcatagat ggaaattcag atgacgacct ttacatgatg
      901 gacatcttca gtgaagtcat gggcagggac aaatcagtca cttacatctg gaagaacaac
      961 ttccatgaaa ggggacctgg tgagacagaa gagtcccata aagaaagttc gcaacatgta
     1021 acccaattgg tcttgtctaa caagagtatt tgcatcatgc aaaaatgggg tggaaagaga
     1081 gaagtcatgt acaccgcctt cagagcactg ggcagaagcg tggattatgt acaggtgtgt
     1141 gactcagaca ccatgcttga ccctgcctcg tctgtggaga tggtgaaggt cttagaagaa
     1201 gacccgatgg ttggaggtgt tgggggagat gttcagattt taaacaagta tgattcttgg
     1261 atctccttcc tcagcagtgt gagatactgg atggctttta atatagaaag ggcctgccag
     1321 tcttattttg gctgtgtcca gtgcataagc ggtcctctgg gaatgtacag aaactccttg
     1381 ttgcatgagt ttgtggaaga ctggtacaat caggaattca tgggtaacca atgcagtttc
     1441 ggtgatgata ggcaccttac caacagggta ctgagtctgg gctatgcaac taaatacacg
     1501 gctcggtcca agtgccttac tgaaacaccc atagaatatc tgagatggct gaaccagcag
     1561 acccgttgga gcaagtccta cttccgagag tggctataca atgccatgtg gtttcacaag
     1621 catcacttgt ggatgaccta cgaagctgtt atcactggat tctttccttt ctttctcatt
     1681 gccacagtca tccagctctt ctacaggggt aaaatctgga acatcctcct cttcctgtta
     1741 actgtccagc tagtgggtct catcaagtcg tctttcgcca gctgccttag aggaaatatc
     1801 gtcatggtct tcatgtctct ctactcagtg ttgtacatgt caagtctact tcctgccaag
     1861 atgtttgcaa ttgcaaccat aaacaaagct gggtggggca catctggaag gaaaaccatt
     1921 gtcgttaatt tcataggact tattccagtg tccgtgtggt ttacaatcct tctaggtggt
     1981 gtgattttca ccatttataa ggaatctaaa aagccatttt ccgaatccaa acagactgtt
     2041 ctcattgtgg gaaccttgat ctatgcgtgc tactgggtcg tgcttttgac tctgtatgtg
     2101 gttctcatca ataagtgtgg caggcggaag aagggacaac agtacgacat ggtgcttgat
     2161 gtatgatctc acgatgatgt tttccgtcac acctggagac acacatacaa cacacataca
     2221 cacacataca ccttagctcc tcaaggggct gtacagtatt gtggcattgc accctgccac
     2281 cacaggagac atatcactgc tgctgggact tgaacaaaga catatgatgg gttgagtttt
     2341 aattctgcca aagcaaattg atacatcagt gagaagaaag tgagagtgaa cccgacagtt
     2401 ttaggacagc gggatgacgt ctttgtttat gcacttttcc cttactgtgc atccgcttga
     2461 cagtgtttgt tctatatacc tcacttgcca tgctttatgt gggtgattat ggaagaaaag
     2521 gattctgaaa actcaaggga acactctttc aacctacaca acctaactta tggaccgttt
     2581 tgatagctga ttcttttctt tctatttttg ttcttaagga aaattaattg tttgtcttta
     2641 ccaaatgaaa tgccaaagga aaatcgaaaa gccactggct atgctgtgtt ttgatataat
     2701 tgtactgtgt ttttaaattt tgtacctaat ttttaaaaac aaaatttcac accatagtat
     2761 atattttact tctggcaaaa tacacttgtt cttttatata catatatata taataaaata
     2821 ggttctaaaa aaaaaatccg tactataaga aattaacctg cccaaaatgt gaaacgtggt
     2881 tgactgatgt tcgtgaaaga ataaaatgtt tctctttttt ctctacattt tataattgaa
     2941 tagttatttc tgtgaaaaaa atgtaaactt tcaataatct aacattttat ttcttttaga
     3001 aagggccaag ataccggtca acttttaggt aaaaatacat actcacgtgt gtacaagagc
     3061 caatcattaa agttgaggcc gaaagggtgg aaaagtgcaa tttttgaaaa catttttttt
     3121 ttcaaaaggg aatgctagtc ttcggtaaaa caaaaaacaa aaaacaaaaa acactgggct
     3181 ccttgtactg gatcaatgtg atcatcggta gagatggtgg cagtatttgc gtaggcctaa
     3241 aaaaatgaaa acctggtgag actttatctt tgtgattggg acagatacaa tacaatccat
     3301 caaaagtttt attctgtggt ctgaatgtgg cagaccttag catgtacacc ttaagtgtgt
     3361 ttcccccgtt tagtgtctga atttgcaaat tcaccctgcc tggtagtgat gtttccaggg
     3421 gtgaactcta actgatatac aacacaattc agaactggca catttatggt cccagtgtca
     3481 tctttaattc tcaggaaggg tattttttct caattacaca ggcaatctct tcatctcttc
     3541 catacttggc cttcctaaaa ctctccacaa gtagaaatga cgtcaccatg taattagtat
     3601 tactaggaac tggtaaatac aagaagtgac tgcaccagtt ccgctaaact tggctaattc
     3661 agttaggatg gggcctcagt tgttgaattt gacttctcac atgatttgtc ttgccttgtg
     3721 tgcagtccca ttagacatgc gctcagatcc caagaatagc tgcacagaag ccttgtggtg
     3781 aagcagacac agtgtcaatc ttctgctgcc tcactgcaga cttccgtaac acacatgaat
     3841 gtagcaagac actaaatgtg gaaaagctgc acattctacc ttgtgagtac aaagtggttc
     3901 ctccaagttc tgaaaaactg caactctccc tgtgtggaga tctagtgagc aacaaacaca
     3961 ccctgaaaat aaatgaaact aaaacttgag tttgcctttt taactattta tgttctaagt
     4021 taagctttga taacgttcaa atgtcaaatt ttctcattct tataagaagt tgaattaatt
     4081 gccttgtatt tattttagca attattcaat gtatttccat tataggatgt atagtataat
     4141 tgattttttt tgtaaataaa atatttttga taag
//
