LOCUS       NM_013089               2574 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 28-MAR-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus glycogen synthase 2 (Gys2), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_013089
VERSION     NM_013089.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2574)
  AUTHORS   Ros,S., Zafra,D., Valles-Ortega,J., Garcia-Rocha,M., Forrow,S.,
            Dominguez,J., Calbo,J. and Guinovart,J.J.
  TITLE     Hepatic overexpression of a constitutively active form of liver
            glycogen synthase improves glucose homeostasis
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 285 (48), 37170-37177 (2010)
   PUBMED   20841354
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Transgenic LGS rat showed enhanced glycogen storage and an
            mproved glucose tolerance.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2574)
  AUTHORS   Ros,S., Garcia-Rocha,M., Dominguez,J., Ferrer,J.C. and
            Guinovart,J.J.
  TITLE     Control of liver glycogen synthase activity and intracellular
            distribution by phosphorylation
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 284 (10), 6370-6378 (2009)
   PUBMED   19124463
  REMARK    GeneRIF: LGS translocation is strictly dependent on glycogen
            synthesis.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2574)
  AUTHORS   Kadotani,A., Fujimura,M., Nakamura,T., Ohyama,S., Harada,N.,
            Maruki,H., Tamai,Y., Kanatani,A., Eiki,J. and Nagata,Y.
  TITLE     Metabolic impact of overexpression of liver glycogen synthase with
            serine-to-alanine substitutions in rat primary hepatocytes
  JOURNAL   Arch Biochem Biophys 466 (2), 283-289 (2007)
   PUBMED   17880910
  REMARK    GeneRIF: elevation of glycogen synthase activity has an inhibitory
            effect on glucose production in hepatocytes by shunting
            gluconeogenic precursors into glycogen.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2574)
  AUTHORS   Fang,Y., Studer,E., Mitchell,C., Grant,S., Pandak,W.M.,
            Hylemon,P.B. and Dent,P.
  TITLE     Conjugated bile acids regulate hepatocyte glycogen synthase
            activity in vitro and in vivo via Galphai signaling
  JOURNAL   Mol Pharmacol 71 (4), 1122-1128 (2007)
   PUBMED   17200418
  REMARK    GeneRIF: bile acids are physiological regulators of glycogen
            synthase in rat liver and conjugated bile acids use a
            Galpha(i)-coupled G protein-coupled receptor to regulate GS
            activity in vitro and in vivo
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2574)
  AUTHORS   Fujimoto,Y., Donahue,E.P. and Shiota,M.
  TITLE     Defect in glucokinase translocation in Zucker diabetic fatty rats
  JOURNAL   Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 287 (3), E414-E423 (2004)
   PUBMED   15138155
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2574)
  AUTHORS   Westphal,S.A. and Nuttall,F.Q.
  TITLE     Comparative characterization of human and rat liver glycogen
            synthase
  JOURNAL   Arch Biochem Biophys 292 (2), 479-486 (1992)
   PUBMED   1731614
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2574)
  AUTHORS   Carabaza,A., Ciudad,C.J., Baque,S. and Guinovart,J.J.
  TITLE     Glucose has to be phosphorylated to activate glycogen synthase, but
            not to inactivate glycogen phosphorylase in hepatocytes
  JOURNAL   FEBS Lett 296 (2), 211-214 (1992)
   PUBMED   1733780
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2574)
  AUTHORS   Wera,S., Bollen,M. and Stalmans,W.
  TITLE     Purification and characterization of the glycogen-bound protein
            phosphatase from rat liver
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 266 (1), 339-345 (1991)
   PUBMED   1898724
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2574)
  AUTHORS   Bai,G., Zhang,Z.J., Werner,R., Nuttall,F.Q., Tan,A.W. and Lee,E.Y.
  TITLE     The primary structure of rat liver glycogen synthase deduced by
            cDNA cloning. Absence of phosphorylation sites 1a and 1b
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 265 (14), 7843-7848 (1990)
   PUBMED   2110561
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2574)
  AUTHORS   Katz,J., Golden,S. and Wals,P.A.
  TITLE     Glycogen synthesis by rat hepatocytes
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 180 (2), 389-402 (1979)
   PUBMED   114169
COMMENT     VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
            preliminary review. The reference sequence was derived from
            JAXUCZ010000004.1.
            
            On Feb 5, 2015 this sequence version replaced NM_013089.1.
            
            Sequence Note: The RefSeq transcript and protein were derived from
            genomic sequence to make the sequence consistent with the reference
            genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the transcript
            record were based on alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: J05446.1, AF346902.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA5760400 [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-350               JAXUCZ010000004.1  177136887-177137236 c
            351-532             JAXUCZ010000004.1  177128133-177128314 c
            533-724             JAXUCZ010000004.1  177126094-177126285 c
            725-907             JAXUCZ010000004.1  177123827-177124009 c
            908-1052            JAXUCZ010000004.1  177120666-177120810 c
            1053-1170           JAXUCZ010000004.1  177119619-177119736 c
            1171-1291           JAXUCZ010000004.1  177118934-177119054 c
            1292-1398           JAXUCZ010000004.1  177116857-177116963 c
            1399-1458           JAXUCZ010000004.1  177115797-177115856 c
            1459-1537           JAXUCZ010000004.1  177115080-177115158 c
            1538-1651           JAXUCZ010000004.1  177113806-177113919 c
            1652-1778           JAXUCZ010000004.1  177112485-177112611 c
            1779-1874           JAXUCZ010000004.1  177103773-177103868 c
            1875-2038           JAXUCZ010000004.1  177102342-177102505 c
            2039-2119           JAXUCZ010000004.1  177100341-177100421 c
            2120-2355           JAXUCZ010000004.1  177096819-177097054 c
            2356-2574           JAXUCZ010000004.1  177096063-177096281 c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2574
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="BN"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="4"
                     /map="4q44"
     gene            1..2574
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /note="glycogen synthase 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:25623"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2773"
     exon            1..350
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             230..2344
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /EC_number="2.4.1.11"
                     /note="Glycogen synthase 2 (liver)"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="glycogen [starch] synthase, liver"
                     /protein_id="NP_037221.2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:25623"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2773"
                     /translation="MLRGRSLSVTSLGGLPAWEAERLPVEDLLLFEVSWEVTNKVGGI
                     CTVIQSKAKTTANEWGENYFLIGPYFEHNVKTQVEPCEPANDAVRKAVDAMNKHGCQV
                     HFGRWLIEGSPYVVLFDISSSAWNLDRWKGDFWEACGVGIPHDDREANDMLIFGSLTA
                     WFLKEVTDHADGKHVIAQFHEWQAGTGLILSRARKLPIATIFTTHATLLGRYLCAANI
                     DFYNQLDKFNIDKEAGERQIYHRYCMERASVHCAHVFTTVSEITAIEAEHMLKRKPDV
                     VTPNGLNVKKFSAVHEFQNLHATYKARIQDFVRGHFYGHLDFDLEKTLFLFIAGRYEF
                     SNKGADIFLESLSRLNFLLRMHKSNVTVVVFFIMPAKTNNFNVETLKGQAVRKQLWDT
                     VHCMKEKFGKKLYDGLLRGEIPDMNSILDRDDLTIMKRAIFSTQRHSLPPVTTHNMID
                     DSTDPILSTIRRIGLFNNRTDRVKVILHPEFLSSTSPLLPMDYEEFVRGCHLGVFPSY
                     YEPWGYTPAECTVMGIPSVTTNLSGFGCFMQEHVADPTAYGIYIVDRRFRSPDDSCNQ
                     LTQFLYGFCKQSRRQRIIQRNRTERLSDLLDWRYLGRYYQHARHLTLSRAFPDKFHLE
                     PTSPPTTDGFKYPRPSSVPPSPSGSQTSSPQSSDVENEGDEDERYDEEEEAERDRLNI
                     KSPFSLNHIPKGKKKLHGEYKN"
     exon            351..532
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            533..724
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            725..907
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            908..1052
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1053..1170
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1171..1291
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1292..1398
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1399..1458
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1459..1537
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1538..1651
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1652..1778
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1779..1874
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1875..2038
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2039..2119
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2120..2355
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2356..2574
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 tcacttgcga ttttttgggt gtctgtgtgg attataactg tgaggccttg ccctctccag
       61 acctgccctg agcacagctt catctatctg tgagttcatg tgacctcacc ttgctggttc
      121 accctggaga ggagatcctg agactgacac ccctcagctc gtgcccagtg ctgactgcag
      181 tcagctgcaa ccggtcccct tcggcaccag acacacagct ggacgaagaa tgctcagggg
      241 ccgctccttg tctgtgacgt cccttggtgg gctccctgca tgggaagctg aaagactccc
      301 cgtggaagac ttattgcttt ttgaagtttc ctgggaagtg accaacaaag ttgggggcat
      361 ctgtactgtg atccagagca aagccaaaac cacagccaat gaatggggag agaattactt
      421 cctgataggt ccgtattttg agcataatgt gaagactcaa gtagagccat gcgagcccgc
      481 caacgatgcc gtcagaaaag ctgtggatgc catgaacaaa catggctgcc aggtgcattt
      541 tggaagatgg ctgatagaag ggagtccgta tgtggtgctt tttgacatca gctcctcagc
      601 gtggaacctg gacaggtgga agggagactt ctgggaagca tgtggcgttg gcatccctca
      661 cgacgaccga gaagccaatg acatgctcat atttgggtct ttaactgcct ggttcttaaa
      721 ggaggtgacg gaccatgcag acggtaaaca cgtcattgcc caattccatg aatggcaggc
      781 tggaactggg ctgatccttt ctcgtgccag gaaactcccc atcgccacaa tatttacaac
      841 ccatgccaca ctgctggggc ggtatctctg tgcagcaaat attgacttct acaaccagct
      901 tgataagttc aacatagaca aagaggccgg ggagaggcag atttatcacc gctactgcat
      961 ggagcgggct tccgtgcact gtgcgcacgt gtttaccaca gtgtcagaaa tcacagccat
     1021 cgaggcggag cacatgctga agaggaagcc tgatgtggtg actccaaacg gcttgaacgt
     1081 taagaagttt tctgcggtgc acgagtttca aaatctccat gccacataca aggccaggat
     1141 acaggatttt gttcgaggtc atttctatgg ccacctggac ttcgatcttg aaaagacgtt
     1201 atttcttttc attgctggga ggtatgagtt ctccaacaag ggagcagaca tcttcctaga
     1261 atccttatcc aggctcaatt tcctcctaag gatgcataag agtaacgtca ctgtggtagt
     1321 gtttttcatc atgcctgcca agacaaacaa tttcaacgtg gaaaccctga agggccaggc
     1381 ggtgcggaaa cagctgtggg acactgtgca ctgtatgaag gaaaagtttg gaaagaaact
     1441 ctacgatggg ttattaagag gagaaatacc cgacatgaat agtattttgg atcgagatga
     1501 cttaacaatt atgaaaagag ccattttttc aactcagaga cactctttgc ctcctgtgac
     1561 cactcacaat atgatcgacg attccacgga tcccatcctc agcaccattc gacgaattgg
     1621 acttttcaac aatcgcacag acagagtcaa ggtgatttta cacccagaat tcctgtcctc
     1681 caccagcccc ctactaccaa tggattatga agagtttgtc cgaggctgtc accttggggt
     1741 atttccatca tactatgagc cctggggtta cacgccagcc gaatgcacag tgatgggcat
     1801 ccccagtgtg actacgaacc tctctggttt cgggtgtttc atgcaggagc atgtggctga
     1861 ccctaccgcg tacggtattt atatcgtcga cagacgcttc cgctctccag atgattcttg
     1921 caaccagctg actcagtttc tctatgggtt ctgtaaacag tcccgccgcc aaagaatcat
     1981 ccagaggaac cgcaccgaga ggctttcaga tcttctggac tggagatacc tgggcagata
     2041 ttaccagcat gccagacatc tgacactgag cagggctttt ccagacaaat tccacctgga
     2101 gcccacatcc ccaccaacga cggatggctt taagtatccc aggccctcct cagtaccacc
     2161 ttccccatca ggatcccaga cttcaagtcc tcagagcagc gatgtggaaa acgaagggga
     2221 tgaggatgag agatatgatg aggaagagga ggctgagagg gaccggctaa acatcaagtc
     2281 accattttcc ctgaaccaca tcccaaaggg gaagaaaaag cttcatggag aatataagaa
     2341 ctgagctcaa atgaaatgat tccaaatcca caagaaaatg agctgagccc aagtccatcc
     2401 ctgatgcata ccgacagata tttacagaat gacgtcggaa atctagaatc tgtgtccaga
     2461 tcactgatag taacttgtag ccaccgacat gtgtcaccgt actgtgatgg tacttttgtt
     2521 gtctaattgg aaatttcaat ctgttattga taataaatta ccaaatctaa atga
//
