LOCUS       NP_037221                704 aa            linear   ROD 28-MAR-2024
DEFINITION  glycogen [starch] synthase, liver [Rattus norvegicus].
ACCESSION   NP_037221
VERSION     NP_037221.2
DBSOURCE    REFSEQ: accession NM_013089.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (residues 1 to 704)
  AUTHORS   Ros,S., Zafra,D., Valles-Ortega,J., Garcia-Rocha,M., Forrow,S.,
            Dominguez,J., Calbo,J. and Guinovart,J.J.
  TITLE     Hepatic overexpression of a constitutively active form of liver
            glycogen synthase improves glucose homeostasis
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 285 (48), 37170-37177 (2010)
   PUBMED   20841354
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Transgenic LGS rat showed enhanced glycogen storage and an
            mproved glucose tolerance.
REFERENCE   2  (residues 1 to 704)
  AUTHORS   Ros,S., Garcia-Rocha,M., Dominguez,J., Ferrer,J.C. and
            Guinovart,J.J.
  TITLE     Control of liver glycogen synthase activity and intracellular
            distribution by phosphorylation
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 284 (10), 6370-6378 (2009)
   PUBMED   19124463
  REMARK    GeneRIF: LGS translocation is strictly dependent on glycogen
            synthesis.
REFERENCE   3  (residues 1 to 704)
  AUTHORS   Kadotani,A., Fujimura,M., Nakamura,T., Ohyama,S., Harada,N.,
            Maruki,H., Tamai,Y., Kanatani,A., Eiki,J. and Nagata,Y.
  TITLE     Metabolic impact of overexpression of liver glycogen synthase with
            serine-to-alanine substitutions in rat primary hepatocytes
  JOURNAL   Arch Biochem Biophys 466 (2), 283-289 (2007)
   PUBMED   17880910
  REMARK    GeneRIF: elevation of glycogen synthase activity has an inhibitory
            effect on glucose production in hepatocytes by shunting
            gluconeogenic precursors into glycogen.
REFERENCE   4  (residues 1 to 704)
  AUTHORS   Fang,Y., Studer,E., Mitchell,C., Grant,S., Pandak,W.M.,
            Hylemon,P.B. and Dent,P.
  TITLE     Conjugated bile acids regulate hepatocyte glycogen synthase
            activity in vitro and in vivo via Galphai signaling
  JOURNAL   Mol Pharmacol 71 (4), 1122-1128 (2007)
   PUBMED   17200418
  REMARK    GeneRIF: bile acids are physiological regulators of glycogen
            synthase in rat liver and conjugated bile acids use a
            Galpha(i)-coupled G protein-coupled receptor to regulate GS
            activity in vitro and in vivo
REFERENCE   5  (residues 1 to 704)
  AUTHORS   Fujimoto,Y., Donahue,E.P. and Shiota,M.
  TITLE     Defect in glucokinase translocation in Zucker diabetic fatty rats
  JOURNAL   Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 287 (3), E414-E423 (2004)
   PUBMED   15138155
REFERENCE   6  (residues 1 to 704)
  AUTHORS   Westphal,S.A. and Nuttall,F.Q.
  TITLE     Comparative characterization of human and rat liver glycogen
            synthase
  JOURNAL   Arch Biochem Biophys 292 (2), 479-486 (1992)
   PUBMED   1731614
REFERENCE   7  (residues 1 to 704)
  AUTHORS   Carabaza,A., Ciudad,C.J., Baque,S. and Guinovart,J.J.
  TITLE     Glucose has to be phosphorylated to activate glycogen synthase, but
            not to inactivate glycogen phosphorylase in hepatocytes
  JOURNAL   FEBS Lett 296 (2), 211-214 (1992)
   PUBMED   1733780
REFERENCE   8  (residues 1 to 704)
  AUTHORS   Wera,S., Bollen,M. and Stalmans,W.
  TITLE     Purification and characterization of the glycogen-bound protein
            phosphatase from rat liver
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 266 (1), 339-345 (1991)
   PUBMED   1898724
REFERENCE   9  (residues 1 to 704)
  AUTHORS   Bai,G., Zhang,Z.J., Werner,R., Nuttall,F.Q., Tan,A.W. and Lee,E.Y.
  TITLE     The primary structure of rat liver glycogen synthase deduced by
            cDNA cloning. Absence of phosphorylation sites 1a and 1b
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 265 (14), 7843-7848 (1990)
   PUBMED   2110561
REFERENCE   10 (residues 1 to 704)
  AUTHORS   Katz,J., Golden,S. and Wals,P.A.
  TITLE     Glycogen synthesis by rat hepatocytes
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 180 (2), 389-402 (1979)
   PUBMED   114169
COMMENT     VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
            preliminary review. The reference sequence was derived from
            JAXUCZ010000004.1.
            
            On Feb 5, 2015 this sequence version replaced NP_037221.1.
            
            Sequence Note: The RefSeq transcript and protein were derived from
            genomic sequence to make the sequence consistent with the reference
            genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the transcript
            record were based on alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: J05446.1, AF346902.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA5760400 [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..704
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /strain="BN"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="4"
                     /map="4q44"
     Protein         1..704
                     /product="glycogen [starch] synthase, liver"
                     /EC_number="2.4.1.11"
                     /note="Glycogen synthase 2 (liver)"
                     /calculated_mol_wt=80589
     Site            8
                     /site_type="phosphorylation"
                     /note="Phosphoserine.
                     /evidence=ECO:0007744|PubMed:22673903; propagated from
                     UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P17625.2)"
     Site            11
                     /site_type="phosphorylation"
                     /note="Phosphoserine.
                     /evidence=ECO:0007744|PubMed:22673903; propagated from
                     UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P17625.2)"
     Region          32..660
                     /region_name="Glycogen_syn"
                     /note="Glycogen synthase; pfam05693"
                     /db_xref="CDD:399009"
     Region          620..704
                     /region_name="Disordered.
                     /evidence=ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
                     /note="propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P17625.2)"
     Site            627
                     /site_type="phosphorylation"
                     /note="Phosphoserine.
                     /evidence=ECO:0007744|PubMed:22673903; propagated from
                     UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P17625.2)"
     Site            641
                     /site_type="phosphorylation"
                     /note="Phosphoserine, by GSK3-alpha and GSK3-beta.
                     /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P13834; propagated from
                     UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P17625.2)"
     Site            645
                     /site_type="phosphorylation"
                     /note="Phosphoserine, by GSK3-alpha and GSK3-beta.
                     /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P13834; propagated from
                     UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P17625.2)"
     Site            649
                     /site_type="phosphorylation"
                     /note="Phosphoserine, by GSK3-alpha and GSK3-beta.
                     /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P13834; propagated from
                     UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P17625.2)"
     Site            653
                     /site_type="phosphorylation"
                     /note="Phosphoserine, by GSK3-alpha and GSK3-beta.
                     /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P13834; propagated from
                     UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P17625.2)"
     Site            657
                     /site_type="phosphorylation"
                     /note="Phosphoserine, by CK2.
                     /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P13834; propagated from
                     UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P17625.2)"
     Site            684
                     /site_type="phosphorylation"
                     /note="Phosphoserine.
                     /evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P54840; propagated from
                     UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (P17625.2)"
     CDS             1..704
                     /gene="Gys2"
                     /gene_synonym="GLYSN"
                     /coded_by="NM_013089.2:230..2344"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:25623"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2773"
ORIGIN      
        1 mlrgrslsvt slgglpawea erlpvedlll fevswevtnk vggictviqs kakttanewg
       61 enyfligpyf ehnvktqvep cepandavrk avdamnkhgc qvhfgrwlie gspyvvlfdi
      121 sssawnldrw kgdfweacgv giphddrean dmlifgslta wflkevtdha dgkhviaqfh
      181 ewqagtglil srarklpiat iftthatllg rylcaanidf ynqldkfnid keagerqiyh
      241 rycmerasvh cahvfttvse itaieaehml krkpdvvtpn glnvkkfsav hefqnlhaty
      301 kariqdfvrg hfyghldfdl ektlflfiag ryefsnkgad ifleslsrln fllrmhksnv
      361 tvvvffimpa ktnnfnvetl kgqavrkqlw dtvhcmkekf gkklydgllr geipdmnsil
      421 drddltimkr aifstqrhsl ppvtthnmid dstdpilsti rriglfnnrt drvkvilhpe
      481 flsstspllp mdyeefvrgc hlgvfpsyye pwgytpaect vmgipsvttn lsgfgcfmqe
      541 hvadptaygi yivdrrfrsp ddscnqltqf lygfckqsrr qriiqrnrte rlsdlldwry
      601 lgryyqharh ltlsrafpdk fhleptsppt tdgfkyprps svppspsgsq tsspqssdve
      661 negdederyd eeeeaerdrl nikspfslnh ipkgkkklhg eykn
//
