LOCUS       NM_012736               2399 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 31-MAR-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (Gpd2),
            mRNA; nuclear gene for mitochondrial product.
ACCESSION   NM_012736
VERSION     NM_012736.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2399)
  AUTHORS   Mracek,T., Holzerova,E., Drahota,Z., Kovarova,N., Vrbacky,M.,
            Jesina,P. and Houstek,J.
  TITLE     ROS generation and multiple forms of mammalian mitochondrial
            glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta 1837 (1), 98-111 (2014)
   PUBMED   23999537
  REMARK    GeneRIF: By this approach, we also directly demonstrated that
            isolated mGPDH itself as well as its supramolecular assemblies are
            all capable of ROS production.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2399)
  AUTHORS   Anunciado-Koza,R.P., Zhang,J., Ukropec,J., Bajpeyi,S., Koza,R.A.,
            Rogers,R.C., Cefalu,W.T., Mynatt,R.L. and Kozak,L.P.
  TITLE     Inactivation of the mitochondrial carrier SLC25A25 (ATP-Mg2+/Pi
            transporter) reduces physical endurance and metabolic efficiency in
            mice
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 286 (13), 11659-11671 (2011)
   PUBMED   21296886
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2399)
  AUTHORS   Ying,W.
  TITLE     NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH in cellular functions and cell death:
            regulation and biological consequences
  JOURNAL   Antioxid Redox Signal 10 (2), 179-206 (2008)
   PUBMED   18020963
  REMARK    Review article
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2399)
  AUTHORS   Oliveira,E., Fagundes,A.T., Alves,S.B., Pazos-Moura,C.C.,
            Moura,E.G., Passos,M.C. and Lisboa,P.C.
  TITLE     Chronic leptin treatment inhibits liver mitochondrial
            alpha-glycerol-beta-phosphate dehydrogenase in euthyroid rats
  JOURNAL   Horm Metab Res 39 (12), 867-870 (2007)
   PUBMED   17973206
  REMARK    GeneRIF: These results show that leptin downregulates mGPD
            activity, mainly when hyperleptinemia is chronic.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2399)
  AUTHORS   Chowdhury,S.K., Raha,S., Tarnopolsky,M.A. and Singh,G.
  TITLE     Increased expression of mitochondrial glycerophosphate
            dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzymes in prostate cancer cell
            lines/cancer
  JOURNAL   Free Radic Res 41 (10), 1116-1124 (2007)
   PUBMED   17886033
  REMARK    GeneRIF: the up-regulation of mGPDH, due to a highly glycolytic
            environment, contributes to the overall increase in ROS generation
            and may result in the progression of prostate cancer
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2399)
  AUTHORS   Brown,L.J., Koza,R.A., Marshall,L., Kozak,L.P. and MacDonald,M.J.
  TITLE     Lethal hypoglycemic ketosis and glyceroluria in mice lacking both
            the mitochondrial and the cytosolic glycerol phosphate
            dehydrogenases
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 277 (36), 32899-32904 (2002)
   PUBMED   12093800
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2399)
  AUTHORS   Griffiths,M.M., Wang,J., Joe,B., Dracheva,S., Kawahito,Y.,
            Shepard,J.S., Reese,V.R., McCall-Vining,S., Hashiramoto,A.,
            Cannon,G.W., Remmers,E.F. and Wilder,R.L.
  TITLE     Identification of four new quantitative trait loci regulating
            arthritis severity and one new quantitative trait locus regulating
            autoantibody production in rats with collagen-induced arthritis
  JOURNAL   Arthritis Rheum 43 (6), 1278-1289 (2000)
   PUBMED   10857786
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2399)
  AUTHORS   Koike,G., Van Vooren,P., Shiozawa,M., Galli,J., Li,L.S., Glaser,A.,
            Balasubramanyam,A., Brown,L.J., Luthman,H., Szpirer,C.,
            MacDonald,M.J. and Jacob,H.J.
  TITLE     Genetic mapping and chromosome localization of the rat
            mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, a candidate
            for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
  JOURNAL   Genomics 38 (1), 96-99 (1996)
   PUBMED   8954787
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2399)
  AUTHORS   Muller,S. and Seitz,H.J.
  TITLE     Cloning of a cDNA for the FAD-linked glycerol-3-phosphate
            dehydrogenase from rat liver and its regulation by thyroid hormones
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 (22), 10581-10585 (1994)
   PUBMED   7937996
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2399)
  AUTHORS   Brown,L.J., MacDonald,M.J., Lehn,D.A. and Moran,S.M.
  TITLE     Sequence of rat mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
            cDNA. Evidence for EF-hand calcium-binding domains
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 269 (20), 14363-14366 (1994)
   PUBMED   8182039
COMMENT     PROVISIONAL REFSEQ: This record has not yet been subject to final
            NCBI review. The reference sequence was derived from
            JAXUCZ010000003.1.
            
            On Nov 27, 2020 this sequence version replaced NM_012736.1.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: X78593.1, SRR26643288.13535.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA5760383, SAMEA5760386
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            gene product(s) localized to mito. :: inferred from homology
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on conservation,
                                                  expression, longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-82                JAXUCZ010000003.1  62211653-62211734
            83-192              JAXUCZ010000003.1  62243635-62243744
            193-364             JAXUCZ010000003.1  62259770-62259941
            365-489             JAXUCZ010000003.1  62280146-62280270
            490-587             JAXUCZ010000003.1  62281602-62281699
            588-751             JAXUCZ010000003.1  62282697-62282860
            752-916             JAXUCZ010000003.1  62316387-62316551
            917-1061            JAXUCZ010000003.1  62317676-62317820
            1062-1255           JAXUCZ010000003.1  62322727-62322920
            1256-1390           JAXUCZ010000003.1  62331288-62331422
            1391-1566           JAXUCZ010000003.1  62331585-62331760
            1567-1698           JAXUCZ010000003.1  62332380-62332511
            1699-1857           JAXUCZ010000003.1  62333274-62333432
            1858-1970           JAXUCZ010000003.1  62339755-62339867
            1971-2049           JAXUCZ010000003.1  62339961-62340039
            2050-2148           JAXUCZ010000003.1  62340214-62340312
            2149-2399           JAXUCZ010000003.1  62343133-62343383
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2399
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="BN"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="3"
                     /map="3q21"
     gene            1..2399
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /note="glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:25062"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2726"
     exon            1..82
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            83..192
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             91..2274
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /EC_number="1.1.5.3"
                     /note="glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial;
                     GPD-M; GPDH-M; Glycerol-3-phosophate dehydrogenase 2
                     (mitochondrial); mtGPDH gene, promoter region and
                     alternative transcripts; glycerol-3-phosphate
                     dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,
                     mitochondrial precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_036868.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:25062"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2726"
                     /translation="MAFQKVVKGTILMGGGALATVLGLSQFAHYRRKQVSLAYVEAAT
                     CFSEPVNREPPSREAQLMTLQNTSEFDILVIGGGATGCGCALDAVTRGLKTALVERND
                     FASGTSSRSTKLIHGGVRYLQKAITNLDVEQYRMVKEALHERANLLEIAPHLSAPLPI
                     MLPLYKWWQLPYYWVGIKMYDLVAGSHCLKSSYVLSKSRALEHFPMLQKDKLVGAIVY
                     YDGQHNDARMNLAIALTAARYGAATANYMEVVSLLKKTDPETGKERVSGARCKDVLTG
                     HEFNVRAKCVINATGPFTDSVRKMDDNDVVPICQPSAGVHIVMPGYYSPENMGLLDPA
                     TSDGRVIFFLPWEKMTIAGTTDSPTDVTHHPIPSEDDINFILNEVRNYLSCDVEVRRG
                     DVLAAWSGIRPLVTDPKSANTQSISRNHVVEVSDSGLITIAGGKWTTYRSMAEDTVNK
                     AVKLHNLNAGPSRTVGLFLQGGKDWSPTLYIRLVQDYGLESEVAQHLAKTYGDKAFDV
                     AKMASVTGKRWPVVGVRLVSEFPYIEAEVKYGIKEYACTAVDMISRRTRLAFLNVQAA
                     EEALPKIVELMGRELNWSELRKQEELETATRFLYYEMGYKSRTEQLTDSTEISLLPPD
                     IDRYKKRFHMFDEDEKGFITIVDVQRVLESINVQMDEDTLHEILCEVDLNKNGQVELH
                     EFLQLMSAVHTGRVSGSRLAILMKTAEENLDRRVPIPVDRSCGGL"
     exon            193..364
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            365..489
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            490..587
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            588..751
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            752..916
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            917..1061
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1062..1255
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1256..1390
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1391..1566
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1567..1698
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1699..1857
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1858..1970
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1971..2049
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2050..2148
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2149..2399
                     /gene="Gpd2"
                     /gene_synonym="mtGPDH"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 gtgaggccga ctgactccgt tctagctgga ggttcctgac ttccctgctc gccgacccct
       61 ggcgtgtgac gaccgatctc aggctgagca atggcgtttc aaaaggtagt gaaagggact
      121 attcttatgg gtggaggagc tctggccact gttttgggac tctctcagtt tgctcactac
      181 agaaggaagc aagtaagcct ggcgtatgtg gaagcagcaa catgcttctc agagcccgtg
      241 aacagggagc ctccttccag agaagctcag ctcatgactc tgcagaacac atcggaattt
      301 gacatcctcg tcattggagg aggagccaca ggatgtggct gtgcgctaga cgccgtcacc
      361 agaggactga aaacagccct tgtagagaga aatgacttcg catcagggac tagcagcaga
      421 agcactaaat tgatccatgg tggcgtacga tacctccaga aggctatcac gaacttggat
      481 gttgaacagt ataggatggt gaaagaggcc cttcatgaac gtgccaactt actagaaatc
      541 gctccccatc tatcagctcc gctgcctata atgctgccac tttataagtg gtggcagtta
      601 ccttattact gggtgggaat caagatgtat gatctggttg caggaagtca ttgcctgaag
      661 agcagttatg tcctcagtaa atccagagcc cttgagcatt tccccatgct ccagaaggac
      721 aagctggtcg gagccattgt ctactatgat ggacagcaca atgacgcccg gatgaacctc
      781 gccatcgccc tcaccgctgc caggtacggg gctgccacgg ccaattacat ggaggtggtg
      841 agcttgctca agaagacaga ccccgaaact gggaaagagc gcgtgagtgg tgcccggtgc
      901 aaggacgtgc tcacagggca tgagtttaac gtgagagcta aatgcgttat caatgccacc
      961 ggccctttca cagactccgt gcgcaaaatg gatgataacg atgttgttcc catctgccag
     1021 cccagtgcag gggttcacat tgtgatgccc gggtactaca gccccgagaa catgggactt
     1081 cttgatcctg caaccagtga tggcagagtt attttcttct tgccttggga gaagatgaca
     1141 attgcgggta ccactgattc gccaacggac gtcacgcacc atcctattcc ttcggaagac
     1201 gacattaact tcatcttaaa tgaagtgcgg aactacctga gttgcgacgt tgaagtgaga
     1261 agaggggatg tcctggcagc gtggagtggc attcgcccgc ttgttaccga tcccaagtct
     1321 gcaaacactc agtccatctc tcgaaatcat gttgtggaag tcagcgacag tggcctcatc
     1381 acaatagcag gtgggaagtg gaccacatat cgctccatgg cagaagatac tgtgaacaaa
     1441 gctgtcaagc ttcacaactt gaatgcagga cccagtagga ccgttgggct cttccttcaa
     1501 ggaggcaaag attggagccc cacactctac atcaggcttg tccaggacta tgggcttgag
     1561 agtgaggttg cacaacacct ggccaaaacc tatggtgaca aggctttcga cgtggccaaa
     1621 atggcaagtg tgactggaaa acggtggcct gttgttggag tgcgtcttgt gtcagaattt
     1681 ccgtacatcg aagcagaggt gaaatatggg attaaggagt acgcatgcac cgctgttgac
     1741 atgatttcac gtcgcacccg cctggccttt cttaatgttc aggctgcaga ggaagccctg
     1801 cccaagattg ttgagttaat gggaagagaa ttgaactgga gtgaattgag gaaacaggaa
     1861 gaacttgaaa cagccacgag gtttctgtac tatgaaatgg gctataagtc tcgaacagaa
     1921 caactcacag atagtactga aatcagcctg ctgcctccag acatcgatcg gtacaagaag
     1981 agatttcaca tgtttgatga agacgaaaaa ggcttcatta ccattgttga tgttcaacgt
     2041 gtgctagaga gtatcaatgt acaaatggac gaagacacac tacatgaaat tctctgtgaa
     2101 gtagacttga acaagaatgg tcaggttgag ctccatgagt ttctgcagct gatgagcgca
     2161 gttcatacag gaagggtgtc tggaagccgg cttgccatcc tcatgaagac tgccgaggag
     2221 aacttggacc gtagagttcc aatccccgtg gatcgtagtt gtggaggatt gtgagtctga
     2281 ccaataaatc cacaaccaac aagcctagga cagtcagcac tatgtacaac cagagacgac
     2341 ttaaaccact ctaaaatagt ggccattgta gctgcctttt tttttttttt tttttaaaa
//
