LOCUS       NM_021845               3826 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 31-MAR-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus GNAS complex locus (Gnas), transcript variant 1,
            mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_021845
VERSION     NM_021845.5
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3826)
  AUTHORS   Taneera,J., Dhaiban,S., Mohammed,A.K., Mukhopadhyay,D.,
            Aljaibeji,H., Sulaiman,N., Fadista,J. and Salehi,A.
  TITLE     GNAS gene is an important regulator of insulin secretory capacity
            in pancreatic beta-cells
  JOURNAL   Gene 715, 144028 (2019)
   PUBMED   31374326
  REMARK    GeneRIF: GNAS is a crucial gene for the beta-cell insulin secretory
            capacity.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3826)
  AUTHORS   Masyuk,T.V., Masyuk,A.I., Lorenzo Pisarello,M., Howard,B.N.,
            Huang,B.Q., Lee,P.Y., Fung,X., Sergienko,E., Ardecky,R.J.,
            Chung,T.D.Y., Pinkerton,A.B. and LaRusso,N.F.
  TITLE     TGR5 contributes to hepatic cystogenesis in rodents with polycystic
            liver diseases through cyclic adenosine monophosphate/Galphas
            signaling
  JOURNAL   Hepatology 66 (4), 1197-1218 (2017)
   PUBMED   28543567
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3826)
  AUTHORS   Xue,N., Wei,C., Zhang,L., Liu,H., Wang,X. and Wang,L.
  TITLE     The Characteristics of Hepatic Gsalpha-cAMP Axis in HSHF Diet-Fed
            Obese Insulin Resistance Rats and Genetic Diabetic Mice
  JOURNAL   Biol Pharm Bull 40 (6), 774-781 (2017)
   PUBMED   28260721
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Our data revealed a positive correlation between hepatic
            Gsalpha-cAMP signal axis and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in slight
            insulin resistance stage of HIgh Sugar High Fat-diet rats and
            diabetic db/db mice. The current finding thus suggested hepatic
            Gsalpha-cAMP signal axis plays a central role in regulating of FBG
            during the developing and development of T2DM.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3826)
  AUTHORS   Erb,S.J., Schappi,J.M. and Rasenick,M.M.
  TITLE     Antidepressants Accumulate in Lipid Rafts Independent of Monoamine
            Transporters to Modulate Redistribution of the G Protein, Galphas
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 291 (38), 19725-19733 (2016)
   PUBMED   27432886
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Translocation of Galphas, which shows delayed onset after
            chronic antidepressant treatment of rats or of C6 glioma cells,
            tracks with the delayed onset of therapeutic action of
            antidepressants
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3826)
  AUTHORS   Sarma,T., Koutsouris,A., Yu,J.Z., Krbanjevic,A., Hope,T.J. and
            Rasenick,M.M.
  TITLE     Activation of microtubule dynamics increases neuronal growth via
            the nerve growth factor (NGF)- and Galphas-mediated signaling
            pathways
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 290 (16), 10045-10056 (2015)
   PUBMED   25691569
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Activated Galpha s translocates from the plasma membrane
            and, through interaction with tubulin/microtubules in the cytosol,
            is important for neurite formation, development, and outgrowth.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3826)
  AUTHORS   Eaton,S.A., Hough,T., Fischer-Colbrie,R. and Peters,J.
  TITLE     Maternal inheritance of the Gnas cluster mutation Ex1A-T affects
            size, implicating NESP55 in growth
  JOURNAL   Mamm Genome 24 (7-8), 276-285 (2013)
   PUBMED   23839232
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3826)
  AUTHORS   Swaroop,A., Agarwal,N., Gruen,J.R., Bick,D. and Weissman,S.M.
  TITLE     Differential expression of novel Gs alpha signal transduction
            protein cDNA species
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res 19 (17), 4725-4729 (1991)
   PUBMED   1716359
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3826)
  AUTHORS   Weinstein,L.S., Gejman,P.V., Friedman,E., Kadowaki,T.,
            Collins,R.M., Gershon,E.S. and Spiegel,A.M.
  TITLE     Mutations of the Gs alpha-subunit gene in Albright hereditary
            osteodystrophy detected by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87 (21), 8287-8290 (1990)
   PUBMED   2122458
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3826)
  AUTHORS   Jones,D.T. and Reed,R.R.
  TITLE     Golf: an olfactory neuron specific-G protein involved in odorant
            signal transduction
  JOURNAL   Science 244 (4906), 790-795 (1989)
   PUBMED   2499043
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3826)
  AUTHORS   Votan-Bonamour,B., Plauchu,H. and Guibaud,P.
  TITLE     [Ectopic crystalline lens linked to its cause (homocyst inuria) by
            a simple geneological enquiry]
  JOURNAL   J Genet Hum 24 Suppl, 103-106 (1976)
   PUBMED   799727
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from JAXUCZ010000003.1, X84047.1 and
            BC168156.1.
            
            On Jul 15, 2009 this sequence version replaced NM_021845.4.
            
            Summary: This locus has a highly complex imprinted expression
            pattern. It gives rise to maternally, paternally, and biallelically
            expressed transcripts that are derived from four alternative
            promoters and 5' exons. Some transcripts contain a differentially
            methylated region (DMR) at their 5' exons, and this DMR is commonly
            found in imprinted genes and correlates with transcript expression.
            In addition, one of the transcripts contains a second overlapping
            ORF, which encodes a structurally unrelated protein - Alex.
            Alternative splicing of downstream exons is also observed, which
            results in different forms of the stimulatory G-protein alpha
            subunit, a key element of the classical signal transduction pathway
            linking receptor-ligand interactions with the activation of
            adenylyl cyclase and a variety of cellular reponses. Multiple
            transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by
            RefSeq, Apr 2009].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1, also known as GNASXL) is
            paternally expressed. It includes an alternate 5' exon, as compared
            to variant 3. This variant includes two overlapping open reading
            frames encoding XLas and Alex, respectively. This RefSeq represents
            XLas, also known as alpha s XXL, which is a neuroendocrine-specific
            G-protein alpha subunit; it has a distinct and much longer
            N-terminus, as compared to isoform GNASL.
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the
            reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the
            transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: X84047.1, SRR26360176.1619175.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA5760383, SAMEA5760389
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            imprinted gene         :: PMID: 23839232
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-852               JAXUCZ010000003.1  183503243-183504094
            853-2845            X84047.1           1-1993
            2846-3826           BC168156.1         639-1619
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3826
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="BN"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="3"
                     /map="3q43"
     gene            1..3826
                     /gene="Gnas"
                     /gene_synonym="ALEX; G-alpha-8; Gnas1; Gnpas; Nesp55;
                     SCG6"
                     /note="GNAS complex locus"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:24896"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2716"
     exon            1..2392
                     /gene="Gnas"
                     /gene_synonym="ALEX; G-alpha-8; Gnas1; Gnpas; Nesp55;
                     SCG6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             4..3438
                     /gene="Gnas"
                     /gene_synonym="ALEX; G-alpha-8; Gnas1; Gnpas; Nesp55;
                     SCG6"
                     /note="isoform XLas is encoded by transcript variant 1;
                     GNAS complex locus XLas-like; guanine nucleotide-binding
                     protein G-s, alpha subunit; guanine nucleotide binding
                     protein alpha s; adenylate cyclase-stimulating G alpha
                     protein; GNAS (guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha
                     stimulating) complex locus; SCG6 (secretogranin VI)"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="GNAS isoform XLas"
                     /protein_id="NP_068617.6"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:24896"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2716"
                     /translation="MGMLNCLHGNNMSGQHDIPPEVGDQPEQEPLEAQGAAAPGAGVG
                     PAEEMETEPSNNEPIPDETDSEVCGPPEDSKSDIQSPSQAFEEVQVGGDYSPPPEEAM
                     PFEIQQPSLGDFWPTLEQPGPSGTPSGIKAFNPAILEPGTPTGAHPGLGAYSPPPEEA
                     MPFEFNEPAQEDRCQPPLQVPDLAPGGPEAWVSRALPAEPGNLGFENTGFREDYSPPP
                     EESVPFQLDGEEFGGDSPPPGLPRVTPQIGIGGEFPTVAVPSTLCLAPAANAPPLWVQ
                     GAIGRPFREAVRSPNFAYDISPMEITRPLLEIGRASTGVDDDTAVNMDSPPIASDGPP
                     IEVSGAPVKSEHAKRPPLERQAAETGNSPISSTTAEEAKVPSLERGEGSPTQPETVHI
                     KPAPVAESGTDSSKADPDSATHAVLQIGPEEVGGVPTMPTDLPPASEDAGPDVRAEPD
                     GGTAPATPAESEDNREPAAAAAAEPAAEPAAEPAAEPAAEPAAEPAAEAVPDTEAESA
                     SGAVPDTQEEPAAAAASATPAEPAARAAPVTPTEPATRAVPSARAHPAAGAVPGASAM
                     SAAARAAAARAAYAGPLVWGARSLSATPAARASLPARAAAAARAASAARAVAAGRSAS
                     AAPSRAHLRPPSPEIQVADPPTPRPAPRPSAWPDKYERGRSCCRYEAASGICEIESSS
                     DESEEGATGCFQWLLRRNRRPGQPRSHTVGSNPVRNFFARAFGSCFGLSECTRSRSLS
                     PGKAKDPMEERRKQMRKEAMEMREQKRADKKRSKLIDKQLEEEKMDYMCTHRLLLLGA
                     GESGKSTIVKQMRILHVNGFNGEGGEEDPQAARSNSDGEKATKVQDIKNNLKEAIETI
                     VAAMSNLVPPVELANPENQFRVDYILSVMNVPNFDFPPEFYEHAKALWEDEGVRACYE
                     RSNEYQLIDCAQYFLDKIDVIKQADYVPSDQDLLRCRVLTSGIFETKFQVDKVNFHMF
                     DVGGQRDERRKWIQCFNDVTAIIFVVASSSYNMVIREDNQTNRLQEALNLFKSIWNNR
                     WLRTISVILFLNKQDLLAEKVLAGKSKIEDYFPEFARYTTPEDATPEPGEDPRVTRAK
                     YFIRDEFLRISTASGDGRHYCYPHFTCAVDTENIRRVFNDCRDIIQRMHLRQYELL"
     exon            2393..2465
                     /gene="Gnas"
                     /gene_synonym="ALEX; G-alpha-8; Gnas1; Gnpas; Nesp55;
                     SCG6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2466..2510
                     /gene="Gnas"
                     /gene_synonym="ALEX; G-alpha-8; Gnas1; Gnpas; Nesp55;
                     SCG6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2511..2565
                     /gene="Gnas"
                     /gene_synonym="ALEX; G-alpha-8; Gnas1; Gnpas; Nesp55;
                     SCG6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2566..2685
                     /gene="Gnas"
                     /gene_synonym="ALEX; G-alpha-8; Gnas1; Gnpas; Nesp55;
                     SCG6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2686..2783
                     /gene="Gnas"
                     /gene_synonym="ALEX; G-alpha-8; Gnas1; Gnpas; Nesp55;
                     SCG6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2784..2838
                     /gene="Gnas"
                     /gene_synonym="ALEX; G-alpha-8; Gnas1; Gnpas; Nesp55;
                     SCG6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2839..2912
                     /gene="Gnas"
                     /gene_synonym="ALEX; G-alpha-8; Gnas1; Gnpas; Nesp55;
                     SCG6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2913..3092
                     /gene="Gnas"
                     /gene_synonym="ALEX; G-alpha-8; Gnas1; Gnpas; Nesp55;
                     SCG6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3093..3223
                     /gene="Gnas"
                     /gene_synonym="ALEX; G-alpha-8; Gnas1; Gnpas; Nesp55;
                     SCG6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3224..3291
                     /gene="Gnas"
                     /gene_synonym="ALEX; G-alpha-8; Gnas1; Gnpas; Nesp55;
                     SCG6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3292..3813
                     /gene="Gnas"
                     /gene_synonym="ALEX; G-alpha-8; Gnas1; Gnpas; Nesp55;
                     SCG6"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 gttatgggca tgctcaactg cctccacggc aataatatgt caggacaaca cgatatcccc
       61 cctgaagtcg gggaccagcc cgagcaagaa cctttggaag cccaaggggc cgctgccccc
      121 ggtgctgggg ttggcccagc cgaagaaatg gagaccgaac cgtctaacaa tgagcccatc
      181 cccgacgaga ctgacagtga ggtctgtgga ccccctgaag actccaaatc tgacatccag
      241 agccccagtc aggccttcga ggaagtccaa gtgggcggag actacagccc acctccagag
      301 gaagccatgc cattcgagat ccaacagccc agcctgggag atttctggcc caccctggag
      361 cagcctggac catctgggac cccatcaggc atcaaagcct tcaacccagc gattttggag
      421 cccgggaccc ccactggtgc acacccaggc ctgggagcct atagcccccc accagaagaa
      481 gctatgccat ttgagttcaa tgagcctgcc caggaagacc gttgccagcc tcccttgcaa
      541 gtcccagacc ttgcgccagg gggtccggaa gcatgggtct ccagagctct tcccgcggag
      601 cccgggaacc tcggatttga aaacactggc ttccgagaag actacagccc tccacctgaa
      661 gaatctgtgc catttcagct cgatggagaa gaattcgggg gcgatagccc acccccagga
      721 ctcccgcgag tcacgccaca aatcggcatt ggcggcgagt tcccgacagt cgcggtcccg
      781 agtacgctct gcctcgctcc cgccgcgaac gcgcctcccc tctgggtcca gggcgccatt
      841 ggcagaccat tccgcgaggc tgtcagatct cctaacttcg catacgacat ttccccaatg
      901 gagatcacca gacccctgct tgagattggc agagcctcca ctggggtcga cgacgacacc
      961 gctgtcaata tggacagccc cccaatcgca agtgatggcc cgcccatcga agtctcggga
     1021 gccccagtta agagcgagca cgcaaagaga cccccacttg agcgacaagc agccgagaca
     1081 ggaaacagcc ctatcagcag caccactgca gaggaggcaa aagtcccctc cctcgagcga
     1141 ggagaaggat cccccaccca acctgaaaca gtgcatatca agccagctcc tgttgcggag
     1201 tccggaacgg actcttccaa agccgatccg gactcagcta cacacgcagt tcttcagatc
     1261 ggtcctgagg aagtcggagg agtcccaacc atgcccaccg atcttccgcc tgcttctgaa
     1321 gatgcgggcc cagatgtccg ggcagaacca gacggaggga cagccccagc cacccctgcc
     1381 gagtccgaag acaacagaga accagccgcc gccgccgccg ccgagccagc cgccgagcca
     1441 gccgctgagc cagccgccga gccagccgcc gagccagccg ccgagccagc tgccgaggca
     1501 gtccctgaca ccgaagccga gtctgcctcc ggggcagtcc ccgacaccca agaggagccc
     1561 gcagccgcgg cagcctctgc cacgccggcg gagcctgccg cccgggcagc ccccgtcacc
     1621 cctacggagc ccgctacccg ggctgtccct tctgccagag cccatccagc cgccggggct
     1681 gtccctggag cctcagcgat gtcagccgct gctagggcag ccgccgctag agcagcctat
     1741 gcaggtcctc tggtctgggg agccaggtca ctctcggcta ctccagccgc tcgggcatcc
     1801 ctccctgccc gcgcagcagc tgccgcccga gcagcctctg ctgcccgcgc agtcgctgcc
     1861 ggccggtcag cctctgccgc cccaagcagg gcccatctta gaccccccag cccggagatc
     1921 caggttgctg acccgcctac tccgcggcct gctccgcggc cgagtgcctg gcctgacaaa
     1981 tacgaacgtg gccgaagctg ctgcaggtat gaggctgcgt ccggcatctg cgagatcgag
     2041 tcctccagcg atgagtcgga agaaggggcc actggctgct tccagtggct tctgcggcga
     2101 aaccgccgcc ctggccagcc ccggagccac acagtcggga gcaacccggt ccgcaacttc
     2161 ttcgcccgag ccttcggaag ctgcttcggt ctatctgagt gtacccgatc acgatccctc
     2221 agccccggga aggccaagga tcctatggaa gagaggcgca aacagatgcg caaagaagcc
     2281 atggagatgc gagagcagaa gcgcgcagat aagaaacgca gcaagctcat cgacaagcaa
     2341 ctggaggagg agaagatgga ctacatgtgt acacaccgcc tgctgcttct aggtgctgga
     2401 gagtctggca aaagcaccat tgtgaagcag atgaggatcc tacatgttaa tgggtttaac
     2461 ggagagggcg gcgaagagga cccgcaggct gcaaggagca acagcgatgg tgagaaggcc
     2521 accaaagtgc aggacatcaa aaacaacctg aaggaggcca ttgaaaccat tgtggccgcc
     2581 atgagcaacc tggtgccccc cgtggagctg gccaaccctg agaaccagtt cagagtggac
     2641 tacattctga gcgtgatgaa cgtgccaaac tttgacttcc cacctgaatt ctatgagcat
     2701 gccaaggctc tgtgggagga tgagggagtt cgtgcctgct acgagcgctc caacgagtac
     2761 cagctgatcg actgtgccca gtacttcctg gacaagattg atgtgatcaa gcaggccgac
     2821 tacgtgccaa gtgaccagga cctgcttcgc tgccgcgtcc tgacctctgg aatctttgag
     2881 accaagttcc aggtggacaa agtcaacttc cacatgttcg atgtgggcgg ccagcgcgat
     2941 gaacgccgca agtggatcca gtgcttcaat gatgtgactg ccatcatctt cgtggtggcc
     3001 agcagcagct acaacatggt catccgggag gacaaccaga ccaaccgtct gcaggaggct
     3061 ctgaacctct tcaagagcat ctggaacaac agatggctgc gtaccatctc tgtgatcctc
     3121 ttcctcaaca agcaagatct gcttgctgag aaggtcctcg ctgggaaatc gaagattgag
     3181 gactactttc cagagttcgc tcgctacacc actcctgagg atgcgactcc cgagcccgga
     3241 gaggacccac gcgtgacccg ggccaagtac ttcatccggg atgagtttct gagaatcagc
     3301 actgctagtg gagatggacg tcactactgc taccctcact ttacctgcgc cgtggacact
     3361 gagaacatcc gccgtgtctt caacgactgc cgtgacatca tccagcgcat gcatcttcgc
     3421 caatacgagc tgctctaaga agggaacgcc caaatttaat tcagccttaa gcacaattaa
     3481 ttaagagtga aacgcaatcg tacaagcagt tgatcaccca ccatagggca tgatcaacac
     3541 cgcaaccttt cccttttctc cccagtgatt ctgaaaaccc cctcttccct tcagcttgct
     3601 tagatgttcc aaatttagta agcttaaggc ggcctacaga agaaaaagaa aaagaaaaag
     3661 gccacaaaag ttccctctca ctttcagtaa ataaaataaa agcagcaaca aacagaaata
     3721 aagaaataaa tgaaataaat gaaactcaaa atgaaataaa tattgtgttg tgcagcatta
     3781 aaaaatcaaa ataaaaatta aaaatgagca aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaa
//
