LOCUS       NM_017073               2561 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 31-MAR-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus glutamate-ammonia ligase (Glul), transcript
            variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_017073
VERSION     NM_017073.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2561)
  AUTHORS   Krawczyk,A., Mozel,S., Rycerz,K., Jaworska-Adamu,J. and
            Arciszewski,M.B.
  TITLE     Immunoreactivity of glutamine synthetase in satellite glia around
            various subpopulations of lumbar dorsal root ganglia neurons in
            adult rats treated with monosodium glutamate
  JOURNAL   J Chem Neuroanat 134, 102347 (2023)
   PUBMED   37838216
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Immunoreactivity of glutamine synthetase in satellite glia
            around various subpopulations of lumbar dorsal root ganglia neurons
            in adult rats treated with monosodium glutamate.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2561)
  AUTHORS   Sorto,P., Mayranpaa,M.I., Saksi,J., Nuotio,K., Ijas,P., Tuimala,J.,
            Vikatmaa,P., Soinne,L., Kovanen,P.T. and Lindsberg,P.J.
  TITLE     Glutamine synthetase in human carotid plaque macrophages associates
            with features of plaque vulnerability: An immunohistological study
  JOURNAL   Atherosclerosis 352, 18-26 (2022)
   PUBMED   35667160
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2561)
  AUTHORS   Wu,C., Xu,K., Liu,W., Liu,A., Liang,H., Li,Q., Feng,Z., Yang,Y.,
            Ding,J., Zhang,T., Liu,Y., Liu,X. and Zuo,Z.
  TITLE     Protective Effect of Raf-1 Kinase Inhibitory Protein on Diabetic
            Retinal Neurodegeneration through P38-MAPK Pathway
  JOURNAL   Curr Eye Res 47 (1), 135-142 (2022)
   PUBMED   34133251
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2561)
  AUTHORS   Yoshino,K., Oda,Y., Kimura,M., Kimura,H., Nangaku,M., Shirayama,Y.
            and Iyo,M.
  TITLE     The alterations of glutamate transporter 1 and glutamine synthetase
            in the rat brain of a learned helplessness model of depression
  JOURNAL   Psychopharmacology (Berl) 237 (8), 2547-2553 (2020)
   PUBMED   32445055
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The alterations of glutamate transporter 1 and glutamine
            synthetase in the rat brain of a learned helplessness model of
            depression.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2561)
  AUTHORS   Fragoza,R., Das,J., Wierbowski,S.D., Liang,J., Tran,T.N., Liang,S.,
            Beltran,J.F., Rivera-Erick,C.A., Ye,K., Wang,T.Y., Yao,L., Mort,M.,
            Stenson,P.D., Cooper,D.N., Wei,X., Keinan,A., Schimenti,J.C.,
            Clark,A.G. and Yu,H.
  TITLE     Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic variants
            across the allele frequency spectrum in human populations
  JOURNAL   Nat Commun 10 (1), 4141 (2019)
   PUBMED   31515488
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2561)
  AUTHORS   Gunnersen,D. and Haley,B.
  TITLE     Detection of glutamine synthetase in the cerebrospinal fluid of
            Alzheimer diseased patients: a potential diagnostic biochemical
            marker
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89 (24), 11949-11953 (1992)
   PUBMED   1361232
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2561)
  AUTHORS   Krstic,R. and Nicolas,D.
  TITLE     Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of
            glutamine synthetase in the superficial pineal gland of the rat
  JOURNAL   Acta Histochem 93 (2), 382-387 (1992)
   PUBMED   1363168
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2561)
  AUTHORS   Ward,H.K. and Bradford,H.F.
  TITLE     Relative activities of glutamine synthetase and glutaminase in
            mammalian synaptosomes
  JOURNAL   J Neurochem 33 (1), 339-342 (1979)
   PUBMED   37288
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2561)
  AUTHORS   Norenberg,M.D. and Martinez-Hernandez,A.
  TITLE     Fine structural localization of glutamine synthetase in astrocytes
            of rat brain
  JOURNAL   Brain Res 161 (2), 303-310 (1979)
   PUBMED   31966
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2561)
  AUTHORS   Deuel,T.F., Louie,M. and Lerner,A.
  TITLE     Glutamine synthetase from rat liver. Purification, properties, and
            preparation of specific antisera
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 253 (17), 6111-6118 (1978)
   PUBMED   28323
COMMENT     VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
            preliminary review. The reference sequence was derived from
            JAXUCZ010000013.1.
            
            [WARNING] On Apr 25, 2024 this sequence was replaced by
            NM_017073.5.
            
            On Mar 15, 2021 this sequence version replaced NM_017073.3.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC072694.1, FQ232963.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA5760383, SAMEA5760386
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-119               JAXUCZ010000013.1  68576066-68576184
            120-298             JAXUCZ010000013.1  68578828-68579006
            299-460             JAXUCZ010000013.1  68580319-68580480
            461-607             JAXUCZ010000013.1  68582089-68582235
            608-735             JAXUCZ010000013.1  68582772-68582899
            736-935             JAXUCZ010000013.1  68583073-68583272
            936-2561            JAXUCZ010000013.1  68583694-68585319
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2561
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="BN"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="13"
                     /map="13q21"
     gene            1..2561
                     /gene="Glul"
                     /gene_synonym="Glns"
                     /note="glutamate-ammonia ligase"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:24957"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2710"
     exon            1..119
                     /gene="Glul"
                     /gene_synonym="Glns"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            120..298
                     /gene="Glul"
                     /gene_synonym="Glns"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             133..1254
                     /gene="Glul"
                     /gene_synonym="Glns"
                     /EC_number="6.3.1.2"
                     /EC_number="2.3.1.225"
                     /note="GS; glutamate decarboxylase; glutamate-ammonia
                     ligase (glutamine synthase); glutamine synthetase 1;
                     Glutamine synthetase (glutamate-ammonia ligase);
                     glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase);
                     palmitoyltransferase GLUL"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="glutamine synthetase"
                     /protein_id="NP_058769.4"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:24957"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2710"
                     /translation="MATSASSHLNKGIKQMYMNLPQGEKIQLMYIWVDGTGEGLRCKT
                     RTLDCDPKCVEELPEWNFDGSSTFQSEGSNSDMYLHPVAMFRDPFRRDPNKLVFCEVF
                     KYNRKPAETNLRHSCKRIMDMVSSQHPWFGMEQEYTLMGTDGHPFGWPSNGFPGPQGP
                     YYCGVGADKAYGRDIVEAHYRACLYAGIKITGTNAEVMPAQWEFQIGPCEGIRMGDHL
                     WVARFILHRVCEDFGVIATFDPKPIPGNWNGAGCHTNFSTKAMREENGLRCIEEAIDK
                     LSKRHQYHIRAYDPKGGLDNARRLTGFHETSNINDFSAGVANRSASIRIPRIVGQEKK
                     GYFEDRRPSANCDPYAVTEAIVRTCLLNETGDEPFQYKN"
     exon            299..460
                     /gene="Glul"
                     /gene_synonym="Glns"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            461..607
                     /gene="Glul"
                     /gene_synonym="Glns"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            608..735
                     /gene="Glul"
                     /gene_synonym="Glns"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            736..935
                     /gene="Glul"
                     /gene_synonym="Glns"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            936..2561
                     /gene="Glul"
                     /gene_synonym="Glns"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 gcacagccga gaatgggagt agggcggagt gtttgagcag cacacccatt tcctctccgc
       61 tcttcgtctc gttctcgtgg cctgtccacc catccatcat cctgccggcc accgctctga
      121 acaccttcca ccatggccac ctcagcaagt tcccacttga acaaaggcat caagcagatg
      181 tacatgaacc tgccccaggg cgagaagatc caactcatgt atatctgggt tgatggtacc
      241 ggggaagggc tacgctgcaa gacccgtact ctggactgtg accccaagtg tgtagaagag
      301 ttacccgagt ggaactttga tggttctagt acgtttcagt ctgaaggctc caacagcgac
      361 atgtacctcc atcctgtggc catgtttcga gaccccttcc gcagagaccc caacaagctg
      421 gtgttctgcg aagtattcaa gtataaccgg aagcccgcag agaccaacct gaggcacagc
      481 tgtaagcgta taatggacat ggtgagcagc cagcacccct ggtttggaat ggaacaggag
      541 tatactctca tgggaacaga cggccaccct ttcggctggc cttctaatgg cttccctgga
      601 ccccaaggac cctattactg cggtgtggga gctgacaagg cttatggccg agatatcgtg
      661 gaggctcact accgggcctg cttgtatgct ggaatcaaga tcacagggac aaatgccgag
      721 gttatgcctg cccagtggga attccagata ggaccctgcg aagggatccg catgggagat
      781 catctctggg tagcccgttt tatcttgcat cgggtatgcg aagactttgg ggtgatagca
      841 acctttgacc ccaagcccat tccagggaac tggaatgggg caggctgcca caccaacttt
      901 agcaccaagg ccatgcggga ggagaatggt ctgaggtgca ttgaggaggc cattgataaa
      961 ctgagcaaga ggcaccagta ccacatccgt gcctacgacc ccaagggggg cctggacaac
     1021 gcccgccgtc tgactggatt ccacgaaacc tccaacatca acgacttttc cgctggcgtt
     1081 gccaaccgca gcgccagtat ccgcattccc cggattgtcg gccaggagaa gaagggttac
     1141 tttgaagacc gtcggccttc tgccaattgc gacccctatg cggtgacgga agccatcgtc
     1201 cgcacgtgtc tcctcaacga aactggcgac gagcccttcc aatacaagaa ctaagcggac
     1261 tcgacttcca gtgatcttga gcccttccta gttcacccca ctcccaactg ttccctctcc
     1321 cactggtccc cactgtaact caaaaggatg gaataccaag gtctttttat tccttgcgcc
     1381 cagttaattt ttgcctttat tggtcagaat agaggggtca ggttcttaat ctctacacac
     1441 ccaacccctt ctttcctagc tagctttcca gtggggaacg ggagggggtg gggaagggta
     1501 acccaccgct tcatctcagc gggaatgcat gtcctgtagg catagctgtc acaaatcggg
     1561 tgtacttgtg gtgagggagg actggttttt ttttttcctt caggataatt gaaagggcag
     1621 gcccaacagc ttagattaac attttctctg tcagtagaga gctgttattt cttccggtga
     1681 aaccagcttt ctattgaagt ctggtgagga gttggaggtt ggtctcttgg cttccttagc
     1741 ttagggaagg ggagttcacc ctcccttcat gaaacacagt tcacctgaca aatggcccta
     1801 ctgtaaagga agaaaaaagt ttcttggtcc tccatttata actcaaagca gagtagtatt
     1861 tttatattta aatgttaaaa acaaaaaagt tatatatatg ggtgtgtgga tatatatgtc
     1921 ttttctaatt gagaaaacca tcctattccc tgggtgccaa gtttgagtga ggagctcggt
     1981 gtagaagtga ggcactcttg aggtaggggt ggggatgcag tactgggaaa gttggttatc
     2041 ttgggggttc agcttcatta ctacttaggg tttccctgcc cactctgcag gagcagatgt
     2101 tggacaggta gccagtggga tgccactgct tgccgccact gtccctgggc ttagtttaag
     2161 gggacgtgta tacctaatcc acacacgagt tagaagtatg agttggctgg tcaacttgaa
     2221 cattgttaca ggcgggtggg tgttagtggg gggttatttt ttggtgggac tagcatgtca
     2281 ctaaagcggg ccttttgata tattaaattt tttaaagcaa aacaagttta gattttaatc
     2341 aagttcgtag ggtttctaac tttacagaat tgcctgtttg tttcaatgac tccttccact
     2401 tggctcttag gggaactgag gacaggcctg gagttaatac acttgtcatt ctgtgtccta
     2461 gtgtcctctt cctccggcag actgtcccct tccttctgaa aaagccgata gagtcttgtt
     2521 ttatttttct tttataataa acacacccca cctccatccc a
//
