LOCUS       NM_012569               4692 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 01-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus glutaminase (Gls), transcript variant 1, mRNA;
            nuclear gene for mitochondrial product.
ACCESSION   NM_012569
VERSION     NM_012569.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 4692)
  AUTHORS   Zhang,X., Liu,S., Liu,X. and Wang,J.
  TITLE     Inhibiting silence information regulator 2 and glutaminase in the
            amygdala can improve social behavior in autistic rats
  JOURNAL   Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 51 (6), 707-715 (2022)
   PUBMED   36915976
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Inhibiting silence information regulator 2 and glutaminase
            in the amygdala can improve social behavior in autistic rats.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 4692)
  AUTHORS   Milewski,K., Bogacinska-Karas,M., Hilgier,W., Albrecht,J. and
            Zielinska,M.
  TITLE     TNFalpha increases STAT3-mediated expression of glutaminase isoform
            KGA in cultured rat astrocytes
  JOURNAL   Cytokine 123, 154774 (2019)
   PUBMED   31344597
  REMARK    GeneRIF: TNFalpha increases STAT3-mediated expression of
            glutaminase isoform KGA in cultured rat astrocytes.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 4692)
  AUTHORS   Rumping,L., Tessadori,F., Pouwels,P.J.W., Vringer,E., Wijnen,J.P.,
            Bhogal,A.A., Savelberg,S.M.C., Duran,K.J., Bakkers,M.J.G.,
            Ramos,R.J.J., Schellekens,P.A.W., Kroes,H.Y., Klomp,D.W.J.,
            Black,G.C.M., Taylor,R.L., Bakkers,J.P.W., Prinsen,H.C.M.T., van
            der Knaap,M.S., Dansen,T.B., Rehmann,H., Zwartkruis,F.J.T.,
            Houwen,R.H.J., van Haaften,G., Verhoeven-Duif,N.M., Jans,J.J.M. and
            van Hasselt,P.M.
  TITLE     GLS hyperactivity causes glutamate excess, infantile cataract and
            profound developmental delay
  JOURNAL   Hum Mol Genet 28 (1), 96-104 (2019)
   PUBMED   30239721
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 4692)
  AUTHORS   Krencz,I., Sebestyen,A., Papay,J., Jeney,A., Hujber,Z.,
            Burger,C.D., Keller,C.A. and Khoor,A.
  TITLE     In situ analysis of mTORC1/2 and cellular metabolism-related
            proteins in human Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
  JOURNAL   Hum Pathol 79, 199-207 (2018)
   PUBMED   29885404
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 4692)
  AUTHORS   Liu,F., Li,Y. and Liu,G.
  TITLE     MicroRNA-200c exacerbates the ischemia/reperfusion injury of heart
            through targeting the glutaminase (GLS)-mediated glutamine
            metabolism
  JOURNAL   Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 21 (14), 3282-3289 (2017)
   PUBMED   28770953
  REMARK    GeneRIF: miR-200c directly targets the glutaminase (GLS) through
            complimentary binding to the 3'UTR reagent of GLS.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 4692)
  AUTHORS   Porter,L.D., Ibrahim,H., Taylor,L. and Curthoys,N.P.
  TITLE     Complexity and species variation of the kidney-type glutaminase
            gene
  JOURNAL   Physiol Genomics 9 (3), 157-166 (2002)
   PUBMED   12045296
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 4692)
  AUTHORS   Szpirer,C., Szpirer,J., Van Vooren,P., Tissir,F., Simon,J.S.,
            Koike,G., Jacob,H.J., Lander,E.S., Helou,K., Klinga-Levan,K. and
            Levan,G.
  TITLE     Gene-based anchoring of the rat genetic linkage and cytogenetic
            maps: new regional localizations, orientation of the linkage
            groups, and insights into mammalian chromosome evolution
  JOURNAL   Mamm Genome 9 (9), 721-734 (1998)
   PUBMED   9716657
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 4692)
  AUTHORS   Shapiro,R.A., Farrell,L., Srinivasan,M. and Curthoys,N.P.
  TITLE     Isolation, characterization, and in vitro expression of a cDNA that
            encodes the kidney isoenzyme of the mitochondrial glutaminase
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 266 (28), 18792-18796 (1991)
   PUBMED   1918000
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 4692)
  AUTHORS   Perera,S.Y., Voith,D.M. and Curthoys,N.P.
  TITLE     Biosynthesis and processing of mitochondrial glutaminase in HTC
            hepatoma cells
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 273(Pt 2) (Pt 2), 265-270 (1991)
   PUBMED   1991024
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 4692)
  AUTHORS   Banner,C., Hwang,J.J., Shapiro,R.A., Wenthold,R.J., Nakatani,Y.,
            Lampel,K.A., Thomas,J.W., Huie,D. and Curthoys,N.P.
  TITLE     Isolation of a cDNA for rat brain glutaminase
  JOURNAL   Brain Res 427 (3), 247-254 (1988)
   PUBMED   3401701
COMMENT     VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
            preliminary review. The reference sequence was derived from
            JAXUCZ010000009.1.
            
            On Feb 11, 2021 this sequence version replaced NM_012569.3.
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer
            transcript and encodes the longer isoform (a).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: M65150.1, SRR21887622.2708081.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA5760383, SAMEA5760386
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            gene product(s) localized to mito. :: inferred from homology
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on conservation,
                                                  expression, longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-614               JAXUCZ010000009.1  56836584-56837197
            615-711             JAXUCZ010000009.1  56851519-56851615
            712-833             JAXUCZ010000009.1  56851953-56852074
            834-963             JAXUCZ010000009.1  56856145-56856274
            964-1043            JAXUCZ010000009.1  56857398-56857477
            1044-1207           JAXUCZ010000009.1  56859163-56859326
            1208-1266           JAXUCZ010000009.1  56865345-56865403
            1267-1299           JAXUCZ010000009.1  56872682-56872714
            1300-1358           JAXUCZ010000009.1  56872801-56872859
            1359-1425           JAXUCZ010000009.1  56875886-56875952
            1426-1476           JAXUCZ010000009.1  56876466-56876516
            1477-1653           JAXUCZ010000009.1  56878862-56879038
            1654-1785           JAXUCZ010000009.1  56880525-56880656
            1786-1878           JAXUCZ010000009.1  56881277-56881369
            1879-1940           JAXUCZ010000009.1  56903011-56903072
            1941-2017           JAXUCZ010000009.1  56903786-56903862
            2018-2081           JAXUCZ010000009.1  56903951-56904014
            2082-4692           JAXUCZ010000009.1  56906251-56908861
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..4692
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="BN"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="9"
                     /map="9q22"
     gene            1..4692
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /note="glutaminase"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:24398"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2707"
     exon            1..614
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             217..2238
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /EC_number="3.5.1.2"
                     /note="isoform a is encoded by transcript variant 1;
                     K-glutaminase; L-glutamine amidohydrolase; kidney-type
                     glutaminase"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial
                     isoform a"
                     /protein_id="NP_036701.3"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:24398"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2707"
                     /translation="MMRLRGSAMLRELLLRPPAAVGGVLRRAQPLGTLCRRPRGGSRP
                     AAGLVAAARLHPWWGGGGRAKGPGSGGLSSSPSEILQELGKGGTPPQQQQQQQQPGAS
                     PPAAPGPKDSPGETDAFGNSEGKEMVAAGDNKVKQGLLPSLEDLLFYTIAEGQEKIPV
                     HKFITALKSTGLRTSDPRLKECMDMLRLTLQTTSDGVMLDKDLFKKCVQSNIVLLTQA
                     FRRKFVIPDFMSFTSHIDELYESAKKQSGGKVADYIPQLAKFSPDLWGVSVCTVDGQR
                     HSIGDTKVPFCLQSCVKPLKYAIAVNDLGTEYVHRYVGKEPSGLRFNKLFLNEDDKPH
                     NPMVNAGAIVVTSLIKQGVNNAEKFDYVMQFLNKMAGNEYVGFSNATFQSERESGDRN
                     FAIGYYLKEKKCFPEGTDMVGILDFYFQLCSIEVTCESASVMAATLANGGFCPITGER
                     VLSPEAVRNTLSLMHSCGMYDFSGQFAFHVGLPAKSGVAGGILLVVPNVMGMMCWSPP
                     LDKMGNSVKGIHFCHDLVSLCNFHNYDNLRHFAKKLDPRREGGDQRVKSVINLLFAAY
                     TGDVSALRRFALSAMDMEQRDYDSRTALHVAAAEGHVEVVKFLLEACKVNPFPKDRWN
                     NTPMDEALHFGHHDVFKILQEYQVQYTPQGDSDDGKENQTVHKNLDGLL"
     exon            615..711
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            712..833
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            834..963
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            964..1043
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1044..1207
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1208..1266
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1267..1299
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1300..1358
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1359..1425
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1426..1476
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1477..1653
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1654..1785
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1786..1878
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1879..1940
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1941..2017
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2018..2081
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2082..4692
                     /gene="Gls"
                     /gene_synonym="Glut; RATGLUT"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 cgtctcagtg cggagctcgc ggcggccgga ggaacttagg ctggtggcag gctcggcggc
       61 ggcggcggcg atagcggcgg aggaggagca ggggccacac cccaccgcgg acttttttct
      121 tctcagacct cgtcccgccg tgcgggacac cgttctggga gaagagcgga cgcccacgcc
      181 ccgagcatcc tcttctgacg agcgggcgcc ggcggcatga tgcggctgcg aggctcggcg
      241 atgctgcggg agctgctctt gaggccgcct gccgccgtcg gaggcgtctt gcggcgcgcg
      301 cagcccctcg gcacgctgtg ccggcgcccc cggggcggga gccggccggc cgctggcctg
      361 gtggccgctg cgcgactcca cccgtggtgg ggcgggggcg gccgcgcgaa gggcccgggc
      421 tcgggcggcc tgtccagctc gccctcggag atcctgcagg agctgggcaa ggggggcacg
      481 ccgccacagc agcagcagca gcagcagcag ccaggggcgt cgccacccgc agccccgggc
      541 cccaaggaca gcccggggga gacggacgcg ttcggcaaca gcgaaggcaa ggagatggtg
      601 gctgcgggcg acaataaagt aaagcagggt ctgttaccta gcttggaaga tttgctgttc
      661 tatacaattg cagaaggaca agaaaagata cctgttcaca agtttattac agcactcaaa
      721 tctacaggat tgcgaacatc tgatcccagg ttgaaagagt gtatggatat gttaagatta
      781 actcttcaga caacgtcaga tggtgtcatg ctagacaaag atctttttaa aaagtgtgtt
      841 caaagcaaca tcgttttgtt aacacaagca tttagaagaa agtttgtcat ccctgacttt
      901 atgtctttta cctcacacat cgatgagtta tatgaaagtg ctaaaaagca gtctggaggg
      961 aaggttgctg attatattcc tcaactggcc aaattcagtc ctgatttgtg gggtgtatct
     1021 gtttgtaccg tagatgggca aaggcattct attggagata ccaaagttcc cttttgtctt
     1081 cagtcctgtg taaagcccct gaaatatgca attgctgtca atgacctggg aactgagtat
     1141 gtgcatcgct atgttgggaa ggagccaagt ggattaagat tcaacaagct ctttttgaat
     1201 gaagatgata aaccacataa tccgatggta aatgctggag caattgttgt gacttcacta
     1261 ataaagcaag gagtaaataa tgctgagaaa tttgactatg tgatgcaatt tttgaataag
     1321 atggctggta atgaatatgt cggattcagt aatgcaacgt ttcaatctga acgagaaagt
     1381 ggagaccgaa attttgcaat aggatattac ttaaaagaaa agaagtgttt tccagaaggc
     1441 acagacatgg ttgggatact agatttttat ttccagctct gttccattga agtgacgtgt
     1501 gagtcagcaa gtgtgatggc tgcaaccttg gctaatggcg gtttctgccc aattactggt
     1561 gaaagagtgc tcagtcctga ggccgttcgg aataccctga gcttaatgca ctcctgtggc
     1621 atgtatgact tctcagggca gtttgcattt catgttggtc ttcctgcaaa atctggagtt
     1681 gctgggggta ttcttttagt tgtccccaac gtcatgggca tgatgtgttg gtctcctcct
     1741 cttgacaaga tgggcaacag tgttaaagga attcactttt gtcacgatct tgtttctctg
     1801 tgtaacttcc ataactatga taatttgaga cactttgcaa aaaaacttga tcctcggaga
     1861 gaaggaggtg atcaaagggt aaagtcggtg ataaacctcc tgtttgctgc gtacactgga
     1921 gatgtgtctg ccctccgaag gtttgctctg tcagccatgg acatggaaca gagagattac
     1981 gactccagaa cagccctgca tgttgctgct gcagaaggtc atgttgaagt tgtgaagttt
     2041 ttgctggaag cttgcaaagt taaccccttc cccaaggaca ggtggaataa cacccccatg
     2101 gatgaagcac tgcactttgg acaccatgat gtttttaaaa tcctccagga ataccaagtt
     2161 cagtatacac ctcaagggga ttctgacgat ggaaaagaaa accagactgt ccacaagaat
     2221 cttgacgggt tgttataatg gtctgaatcg tgagacttac attacttacc tagccattgt
     2281 ggaacatggc tatggagaac atgtgtgttt ctatctggta gtaatgtgta tttacaacat
     2341 ctgtccctgc agtgttaccg gagcctcctt cattgtgcac acacgacaaa tctgagttct
     2401 ttgggaaaaa aatagaaatg aagtagcctc ccttcacaat gtgagcaata gttacctcgt
     2461 gcgttgtaca atttgatgta aaagagtagt taccaatgct agctgaactg tgtggtttcc
     2521 acggtttgtg ttctgtacat tttcaagccc tggtgatgat atatgctcat atgcattagg
     2581 attgagcttt gttgtacagt ctgtccatag ggtcgatgct gtcattagac gaaaatagtg
     2641 ctacctttaa gaactttaca catagattta gtttgagtgt ttgagagacc attgcacttg
     2701 tgtggttgag tgtttaaaat gtctatcacc tcacttcaca gtgtgactct ttaaatatta
     2761 aaataattac tactaactgt tcatagaata tgctgattct gattagattt tatcagggaa
     2821 tctattaaga tatgtttggt gaccaaaata tatgtgtgac tgtggttcta gcactttgaa
     2881 acttttcctt tccatacaag gcttaggcca gcctctctgt ggtgtgtagc tgtcggtccc
     2941 cctcagctgg gaaagagagc actggcttac tatgcagttt tcaggtctcc tcagcaagcc
     3001 atcaagcctc ccatttctgc catcagagat agagcttggc tgtttatctg aggaagatga
     3061 gccaaaatta catctcaatt agtcatcagt cttaggagta aagacagtga tgactgcaag
     3121 gtcttctcag cttctacaat aaagaaaaat tcagaaatgc ttccagttac caaagttata
     3181 atgatatatt taggaaaagc tacaaataac atttactttt aatcctgatg tcaaatgtct
     3241 gcatcaagat agcactcctt tgtggcattc caggtatctt ctcttcctct attgcttaac
     3301 tgttggtggg ctagctatat tgttcaataa gaaaaggaca ctttatttta aatttagacc
     3361 caccccttct ttgttttgga aaaggcaatt tatgattaac ttggataata ggtaaaaagc
     3421 aaccttagat aattgtaata ttgtgagaac gtaattgtct aggagtccca cataacgtac
     3481 cctattatac ctccaagaga tgaagggtat gttagtgagg acttttgata ctaaccacac
     3541 ttttgcatgc acgcacacac acacacacac acacacacac acacacacac acacacacac
     3601 acacacggat ttcttggaaa atgctttatg aaattagcaa cattctcaac tgcacagata
     3661 ctactggttc ccacagtaac acagcatctt ctgtgaccct cactatctgc actgattgca
     3721 tccaagcttt atgtctggtg gctcattatt cactccagct gctttgatcc tgtttcaaag
     3781 tcagcttcgg ccatcccctc cattccctag tgttccttca ctaagacaag gcaccactaa
     3841 cgtgtttcta agctccagag tctgtgggga ggatgtgagt gggcagccag ccctgtcact
     3901 gtgttcctcc ttccacaccc ctcaggacag gtggtgggta ctcggagcat cctccccagg
     3961 aacctcctcc aaggttcagg ggtgagcgcg ctgcagtcag cggacatacc actgtgcagc
     4021 agcagccggc tttccggaac tcagcgtgtg acttaaatat tgccagtgac tttaaggatt
     4081 ccctccgata atggtcttgt atattatctg agacaaatgt tttcatctct cctcagctca
     4141 gtgctgcttc atactgtctc tgtggcttgg ttgagtgcgc tctttgtcct gggccaggtc
     4201 ttgctctggc tgttcgctgc tggctaataa cagcaaggac cctgtaagtg tgtgaatgag
     4261 ccgctgactg ctgccatcag taaactccaa agacgtctgt tctggcttta caaccctagg
     4321 tgatggttct gtctctcaga accattacat gatcgtgtgg cttcaacgat ctctgcatac
     4381 cgctgtccct gctgtcccgg ttctgacgcc cctgtctgct gatgtgctac gcccactact
     4441 gcctacactg ctttagcggc agagctggac tcactgtcga tccagacgtc tgtcagggac
     4501 ctgataaccg atgtctgccc taggtccctg ctggggagtc cacagctatg aatgtattta
     4561 cttctaacat ttcccaaaat gaaatcttaa aactataaat tgtaagtatt ctgaaattgg
     4621 gaaatactta ttttaaatga gatcaggtag tgttgctttt tacagcataa taaatatgtg
     4681 tattgaaaac aa
//
