LOCUS       NM_022278               1255 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 03-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus glutaredoxin (Glrx), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_022278
VERSION     NM_022278.1
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1255)
  AUTHORS   Gao,X.H., Qanungo,S., Pai,H.V., Starke,D.W., Steller,K.M.,
            Fujioka,H., Lesnefsky,E.J., Kerner,J., Rosca,M.G., Hoppel,C.L. and
            Mieyal,J.J.
  TITLE     Aging-dependent changes in rat heart mitochondrial
            glutaredoxins--Implications for redox regulation
  JOURNAL   Redox Biol 1 (1), 586-598 (2013)
   PUBMED   25126518
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1255)
  AUTHORS   Picklo,M.J. Sr., Idso,J.P. and Jackson,M.I.
  TITLE     S-Glutathionylation of hepatic and visceral adipose proteins
            decreases in obese rats
  JOURNAL   Obesity (Silver Spring) 21 (2), 297-305 (2013)
   PUBMED   23404913
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1255)
  AUTHORS   Aon-Bertolino,M.L., Romero,J.I., Galeano,P., Holubiec,M.,
            Badorrey,M.S., Saraceno,G.E., Hanschmann,E.M., Lillig,C.H. and
            Capani,F.
  TITLE     Thioredoxin and glutaredoxin system proteins-immunolocalization in
            the rat central nervous system
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta 1810 (1), 93-110 (2011)
   PUBMED   20620191
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1255)
  AUTHORS   Gallogly,M.M., Shelton,M.D., Qanungo,S., Pai,H.V., Starke,D.W.,
            Hoppel,C.L., Lesnefsky,E.J. and Mieyal,J.J.
  TITLE     Glutaredoxin regulates apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via NFkappaB
            targets Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL: implications for cardiac aging
  JOURNAL   Antioxid Redox Signal 12 (12), 1339-1353 (2010)
   PUBMED   19938943
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Grx1 decreases by ~40% in 2-yr-old Fischer 344 rat hearts
            vs 6-mo-old controls. Grx1 knockdown in H9c2 cardiomyocytes
            increases apoptosis, & decreases NFkappaB transcription,&
            production of Bcl-2 & Bcl-xL.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1255)
  AUTHORS   Terada,T., Okamoto,K., Nishikawa,J., Miura,T., Nishinaka,T. and
            Nishihara,T.
  TITLE     Site-directed mutagenesis of rat thioltransferase: effects of
            essential cysteine residues for the protection against oxidative
            stress
  JOURNAL   J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24 (1), 60-65 (2010)
   PUBMED   20175144
  REMARK    GeneRIF: study reports Cys23 of thioltransferase is an essential
            residue for catalytic activity & the other Cys26 is also important
            but Cys79 & Cys83 were not essential; for protection of cells from
            oxidative stress active thioltransferase is essential
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1255)
  AUTHORS   Ehrhart,J., Gluck,M., Mieyal,J. and Zeevalk,G.D.
  TITLE     Functional glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) activity in rat brain
            and liver mitochondria
  JOURNAL   Parkinsonism Relat Disord 8 (6), 395-400 (2002)
   PUBMED   12217626
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The presence of enzyme activity in subcellular organelles
            in brain and liver and in mitochondria demonstrates functional
            glutaredoxin activity.
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1255)
  AUTHORS   Porras,P., Pedrajas,J.R., Martinez-Galisteo,E., Padilla,C.A.,
            Johansson,C., Holmgren,A. and Barcena,J.A.
  TITLE     Glutaredoxins catalyze the reduction of glutathione by
            dihydrolipoamide with high efficiency
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 295 (5), 1046-1051 (2002)
   PUBMED   12135599
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1255)
  AUTHORS   Kobayashi,M., Nakamura,H., Yodoi,J. and Shiota,K.
  TITLE     Immunohistochemical localization of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin in
            mouse embryos and fetuses
  JOURNAL   Antioxid Redox Signal 2 (4), 653-663 (2000)
   PUBMED   11213470
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1255)
  AUTHORS   Takagi,Y., Nakamura,T., Nishiyama,A., Nozaki,K., Tanaka,T.,
            Hashimoto,N. and Yodoi,J.
  TITLE     Localization of glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) in the rat brain
            and possible functional implications during focal ischemia
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 258 (2), 390-394 (1999)
   PUBMED   10329397
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1255)
  AUTHORS   Padilla,C.A., Martinez-Galisteo,E., Barcena,J.A., Spyrou,G. and
            Holmgren,A.
  TITLE     Purification from placenta, amino acid sequence, structure
            comparisons and cDNA cloning of human glutaredoxin
  JOURNAL   Eur J Biochem 227 (1-2), 27-34 (1995)
   PUBMED   7851394
COMMENT     PROVISIONAL REFSEQ: This record has not yet been subject to final
            NCBI review. The reference sequence was derived from AF167981.3.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AF167981.3, BC061555.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMD00132261, SAMD00132262
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1255
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="2"
                     /map="2q11"
     gene            1..1255
                     /gene="Glrx"
                     /gene_synonym="Glrx1; Grx"
                     /note="glutaredoxin"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:64045"
                     /db_xref="RGD:70951"
     exon            1..238
                     /gene="Glrx"
                     /gene_synonym="Glrx1; Grx"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             32..355
                     /gene="Glrx"
                     /gene_synonym="Glrx1; Grx"
                     /EC_number="1.8.4.1"
                     /note="glutaredoxin 1 (thioltransferase); TTase-1;
                     thioltransferase-1; glutaredoxin (thioltransferase)"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="glutaredoxin-1"
                     /protein_id="NP_071614.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:64045"
                     /db_xref="RGD:70951"
                     /translation="MAQEFVNCKIQSGKVVVFIKPTCPYCRKTQEILSQLPFKRGLLE
                     FVDITATNNTNAIQDYLQQLTGARTVPRVFIGKDCIGGCSDLLSMQQNGELTARLKQI
                     GALQL"
     exon            239..367
                     /gene="Glrx"
                     /gene_synonym="Glrx1; Grx"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            368..1246
                     /gene="Glrx"
                     /gene_synonym="Glrx1; Grx"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 gttccttcct gggaagctgc agcctgtcag catggctcag gagtttgtga actgcaagat
       61 tcagtctgga aaggtggtcg tgttcatcaa acccacctgc ccctattgca gaaagactca
      121 agaaatcctc agtcaactgc ctttcaaacg tggtctcctg gaatttgtgg acatcacagc
      181 tactaacaac accaatgcga ttcaagatta tttacaacag ctcaccggag caagaacagt
      241 tcctcgggtc ttcataggta aagactgcat aggcggatgc agtgatctac tctccatgca
      301 acagaatggg gagctgacgg cccggctgaa gcagattgga gctctgcagt tatgaaaggg
      361 gtggcaggcc catactgaca gcagtcgtcc agccatgcta atggccagtg cccctgagag
      421 ttgatgtgca tcacacagga tgtcagtata taccggtgac tgggattttc aacaaattgg
      481 cttttatttc ttcttttcct cagtgtcaaa aactgttgct gtttgcctct aaccatgggg
      541 ctgagaagct taacggagca cacggtttga ttatccactc ttcatgtgcc cacatgtctc
      601 ttcctctaag ctcatgtttc ccaattcagt ggatataaat ctccagtgaa tctgttgctg
      661 gtttcctgcc actgctggtc agctgaagtc attttgcaga agtccacttc ttaaatgatt
      721 gttaatcaat ggatattgtg aaattgagtc acaggccttt ccctccctca tgcatgcacc
      781 atcccacttc tgcattcaca gctctcagcc agtgttctca accttgccct cccacaaccc
      841 acagaagtcc acacttggat gaggatgctg tttgaaaaat caaatgaaga actttagcat
      901 agttggttct cactgtagcc atattaacag agcagatggt gcgttcagct ctgttcgtaa
      961 aggtgattaa ttgcccagaa attcccaagc agttgtgtgt tgatcctaat tagagtaaca
     1021 gcaaagtcaa atatgaaatg caaaactgca gagctctcct tccaagaatg tctgtgaaag
     1081 aagttgtttg caaaacactc tcctagataa tttcttccat tcgcattttg acattttgct
     1141 ttgatgtctt actatgacat ttaattatca tggaactgta ggtctcttct ctggtctcca
     1201 atgagaagga ctcattcatt cctaataaag atgtatctgg agatgaaaaa aaaaa
//
