LOCUS       NM_021669                500 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 29-OCT-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide (Ghrl), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_021669
VERSION     NM_021669.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 500)
  AUTHORS   Goudsward,H.J., Ruiz-Velasco,V., Stella SL Jr., Herold,P.B. and
            Holmes,G.M.
  TITLE     Ghrelin Modulates Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels through
            Voltage-Dependent and Voltage-Independent Pathways in Rat Gastric
            Vagal Afferent Neurons
  JOURNAL   Mol Pharmacol 106 (5), 253-263 (2024)
   PUBMED   39187389
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Ghrelin Modulates Voltage-Gated Ca[2+] Channels through
            Voltage-Dependent and Voltage-Independent Pathways in Rat Gastric
            Vagal Afferent Neurons.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 500)
  AUTHORS   Kok,C.Y., Ghossein,G., Igoor,S., Rao,R., Titus,T., Tsurusaki,S.,
            Chong,J.J. and Kizana,E.
  TITLE     Ghrelin mediated cardioprotection using in vitro models of
            oxidative stress
  JOURNAL   Gene Ther 31 (3-4), 165-174 (2024)
   PUBMED   38177343
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Ghrelin mediated cardioprotection using in vitro models of
            oxidative stress.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 500)
  AUTHORS   Zhu,L., Dou,Z., Wu,W., Hou,Q., Wang,S., Yuan,Z., Li,B. and Liu,J.
  TITLE     Ghrelin/GHSR Axis Induced M2 Macrophage and Alleviated Intestinal
            Barrier Dysfunction in a Sepsis Rat Model by Inactivating
            E2F1/NF-kappaB Signaling
  JOURNAL   Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023, 1629777 (2023)
   PUBMED   38187112
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Ghrelin/GHSR Axis Induced M2 Macrophage and Alleviated
            Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in a Sepsis Rat Model by
            Inactivating E2F1/NF-kappaB Signaling.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 500)
  AUTHORS   Xu,L., Su,J., Du,C., Liu,H. and Lv,W.
  TITLE     Ghrelin suppresses hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced H9C2 cell
            pyroptosis via NLRP3
  JOURNAL   Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 69 (13), 196-202 (2023)
   PUBMED   38158667
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Ghrelin suppresses hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced H9C2 cell
            pyroptosis via NLRP3.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 500)
  AUTHORS   Zhang,S., Kaiya,H. and Kitazawa,T.
  TITLE     Does ghrelin regulate intestinal motility in rabbits? An in vitro
            study using isolated duodenal strips
  JOURNAL   Gen Comp Endocrinol 344, 114384 (2023)
   PUBMED   37722460
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Does ghrelin regulate intestinal motility in rabbits? An
            in vitro study using isolated duodenal strips.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 500)
  AUTHORS   Kojima,M., Hosoda,H., Matsuo,H. and Kangawa,K.
  TITLE     Ghrelin: discovery of the natural endogenous ligand for the growth
            hormone secretagogue receptor
  JOURNAL   Trends Endocrinol Metab 12 (3), 118-122 (2001)
   PUBMED   11306336
  REMARK    Review article
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 500)
  AUTHORS   Hosoda,H., Kojima,M., Matsuo,H. and Kangawa,K.
  TITLE     Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin: two major forms of rat ghrelin
            peptide in gastrointestinal tissue
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 279 (3), 909-913 (2000)
   PUBMED   11162448
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 500)
  AUTHORS   Tomasetto,C., Karam,S.M., Ribieras,S., Masson,R., Lefebvre,O.,
            Staub,A., Alexander,G., Chenard,M.P. and Rio,M.C.
  TITLE     Identification and characterization of a novel gastric peptide
            hormone: the motilin-related peptide
  JOURNAL   Gastroenterology 119 (2), 395-405 (2000)
   PUBMED   10930375
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 500)
  AUTHORS   Hosoda,H., Kojima,M., Matsuo,H. and Kangawa,K.
  TITLE     Purification and characterization of rat des-Gln14-Ghrelin, a
            second endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue
            receptor
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 275 (29), 21995-22000 (2000)
   PUBMED   10801861
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 500)
  AUTHORS   Kojima,M., Hosoda,H., Date,Y., Nakazato,M., Matsuo,H. and
            Kangawa,K.
  TITLE     Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach
  JOURNAL   Nature 402 (6762), 656-660 (1999)
   PUBMED   10604470
COMMENT     VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
            preliminary review. The reference sequence was derived from
            AB029433.1 and BF543543.1.
            
            On Mar 24, 2010 this sequence version replaced NM_021669.1.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AB029433.1, AI549172.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA5756307 [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-110               AB029433.1         2-111
            111-298             BF543543.1         107-294
            299-500             AB029433.1         300-501
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..500
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="Sprague-Dawley"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="4"
                     /map="4q42"
     gene            1..500
                     /gene="Ghrl"
                     /note="ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:59301"
                     /db_xref="RGD:632283"
     exon            1..137
                     /gene="Ghrl"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             30..383
                     /gene="Ghrl"
                     /note="appetite-regulating hormone; motilin-related
                     peptide; growth hormone secretagogue; growth
                     hormone-releasing peptide; ghrelin/obestatin
                     prepropeptide"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="appetite-regulating hormone preproprotein"
                     /protein_id="NP_067701.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:59301"
                     /db_xref="RGD:632283"
                     /translation="MVSSATICSLLLLSMLWMDMAMAGSSFLSPEHQKAQQRKESKKP
                     PAKLQPRALEGWLHPEDRGQAEEAEEELEIRFNAPFDVGIKLSGAQYQQHGRALGKFL
                     QDILWEEVKEAPANK"
     exon            138..254
                     /gene="Ghrl"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            255..363
                     /gene="Ghrl"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            364..500
                     /gene="Ghrl"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 ccagatcatc tgtcctcacc accaaggcca tggtgtcttc agcgactatc tgcagtttgc
       61 tactcctcag catgctctgg atggacatgg ccatggcagg ttccagcttc ctgagcccag
      121 agcaccagaa agcccagcag agaaaggaat ccaagaagcc accagctaaa ctgcagccac
      181 gagctctgga aggctggctc cacccagagg acagaggaca agcagaagag gcagaggagg
      241 agctggaaat caggttcaat gctcccttcg atgttggcat caagctgtca ggagctcagt
      301 accagcagca tggccgggcc ctgggaaagt ttcttcagga tatcctctgg gaagaggtca
      361 aagaggcgcc agctaacaag taaccactga caggactggt ccctgtactt tcctcctaag
      421 caagaactca catccagctt ctgcctcctc tgcaactccc agcactctcc tgctgactta
      481 caaataaatg ttcaagctgt
//
