LOCUS       NM_012565               2343 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 01-JUL-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus glucokinase (Gck), transcript variant 2, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_012565
VERSION     NM_012565.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2343)
  AUTHORS   Samario-Roman,J., Velasco,M., Larque,C., Cardenas-Vazquez,R.,
            Ortiz-Huidobro,R.I. and Hiriart,M.
  TITLE     NGF effects promote the maturation of rat pancreatic beta cells by
            regulating GLUT2 levels and distribution, and glucokinase activity
  JOURNAL   PLoS One 19 (6), e0303934 (2024)
   PUBMED   38875221
  REMARK    GeneRIF: NGF effects promote the maturation of rat pancreatic beta
            cells by regulating GLUT2 levels and distribution, and glucokinase
            activity.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2343)
  AUTHORS   Llanos,P., Ordenes,P., Rhoads,D.B., Santibanez,J.F.,
            Garcia-Robles,M. and Millan,C.
  TITLE     BMAL1 Regulates Glucokinase Expression Through E-Box Elements In
            Vitro
  JOURNAL   Adv Exp Med Biol 1408, 235-249 (2023)
   PUBMED   37093431
  REMARK    GeneRIF: BMAL1 Regulates Glucokinase Expression Through E-Box
            Elements In Vitro.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2343)
  AUTHORS   Nozaki,Y., Petersen,M.C., Zhang,D., Vatner,D.F., Perry,R.J.,
            Abulizi,A., Haedersdal,S., Zhang,X.M., Butrico,G.M., Samuel,V.T.,
            Mason,G.F., Cline,G.W., Petersen,K.F., Rothman,D.L. and
            Shulman,G.I.
  TITLE     Metabolic control analysis of hepatic glycogen synthesis in vivo
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117 (14), 8166-8176 (2020)
   PUBMED   32188779
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Study in different rat models demonstrated that
            glucokinase (GCK)-mediated glucose phosphorylation is the
            rate-controlling step in insulin-stimulated hepatic glycogen
            synthesis in vivo under both normal and pathophysiological
            conditions of fatty liver-associated hepatic insulin resistance and
            it is controlled chiefly through GCK translocation.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2343)
  AUTHORS   Hao,C.L., Lin,H.L., Ke,L.Y., Yen,H.W. and Shen,K.P.
  TITLE     Pre-germinated brown rice extract ameliorates high-fat diet-induced
            metabolic syndrome
  JOURNAL   J Food Biochem 43 (3), e12769 (2019)
   PUBMED   31353547
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2343)
  AUTHORS   Chakera,A.J., Hurst,P.S., Spyer,G., Ogunnowo-Bada,E.O., Marsh,W.J.,
            Riches,C.H., Yueh,C.Y., Markkula,S.P., Dalley,J.W., Cox,R.D.,
            Macdonald,I.A., Amiel,S.A., MacLeod,K.M., Heisler,L.K.,
            Hattersley,A.T. and Evans,M.L.
  TITLE     Molecular reductions in glucokinase activity increase
            counter-regulatory responses to hypoglycemia in mice and humans
            with diabetes
  JOURNAL   Mol Metab 17, 17-27 (2018)
   PUBMED   30146176
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2343)
  AUTHORS   Vionnet,N., Stoffel,M., Takeda,J., Yasuda,K., Bell,G.I., Zouali,H.,
            Lesage,S., Velho,G., Iris,F., Passa,P. et al.
  TITLE     Nonsense mutation in the glucokinase gene causes early-onset
            non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
  JOURNAL   Nature 356 (6371), 721-722 (1992)
   PUBMED   1570017
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2343)
  AUTHORS   Hughes,S.D., Quaade,C., Milburn,J.L., Cassidy,L. and Newgard,C.B.
  TITLE     Expression of normal and novel glucokinase mRNAs in anterior
            pituitary and islet cells
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 266 (7), 4521-4530 (1991)
   PUBMED   1999433
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2343)
  AUTHORS   Hayzer,D.J. and Iynedjian,P.B.
  TITLE     Alternative splicing of glucokinase mRNA in rat liver
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 270 (1), 261-263 (1990)
   PUBMED   2396986
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2343)
  AUTHORS   Zahner,D. and Malaisse,W.J.
  TITLE     Kinetic behaviour of liver glucokinase in diabetes. I. Alteration
            in streptozotocin-diabetic rats
  JOURNAL   Diabetes Res 14 (3), 101-108 (1990)
   PUBMED   2132180
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2343)
  AUTHORS   Coleman,D.L.
  TITLE     Genetic control of glucokinase activity in mice
  JOURNAL   Biochem Genet 15 (3-4), 297-305 (1977)
   PUBMED   141272
COMMENT     VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
            preliminary review. The reference sequence was derived from
            X53589.1 and X53588.1.
            
            On Aug 3, 2012 this sequence version replaced NM_012565.1.
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate coding exon
            and uses an alternate splice junction at the 3' end of another
            coding exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) has
            the same N-and C-termini but differs in an internal segment
            compared to isoform 1.
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the
            reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the
            transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: X53588.1, J04218.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMD00132270,
                                           SAMEA5756307 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-17                X53589.1           1-17
            18-2343             X53588.1           1-2326
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2343
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="14"
                     /map="14q21"
     gene            1..2343
                     /gene="Gck"
                     /gene_synonym="GLK; GLUKA; RNGK2"
                     /note="glucokinase"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:24385"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2670"
     exon            1..153
                     /gene="Gck"
                     /gene_synonym="GLK; GLUKA; RNGK2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             109..1506
                     /gene="Gck"
                     /gene_synonym="GLK; GLUKA; RNGK2"
                     /EC_number="2.7.1.1"
                     /note="isoform 2 is encoded by transcript variant 2; HK4;
                     HK IV; hexokinase-4; hexokinase-D; hexokinase type IV"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="hexokinase-4 isoform 2"
                     /protein_id="NP_036697.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:24385"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2670"
                     /translation="MAMDTTRCGAQLLTLVEQILAEFQLQEEDLKKVMSRMQKEMDRG
                     LRLETHEEASVKMLPTYVRSTPEGSEVGDFLSLDLGGTNFRVMLVKVGEGEAGQWSVK
                     TKHQMYSIPEDAMTGTAEMLFDYISECISDFLDKHQMKHKKLPLGFTFSFPVRHEDLD
                     KGILLNWTKGFKASGAEGNNIVGLLRDAIKRRGDFEMDVVAMVNDTVATMISCYYEDR
                     QCEVGMIVGTGCNACYMEEMQNVELVEGDEGRMCVNTEWGAFGDSGELDEFLLEYDRM
                     VDESSANPGQQLYEKIIGGKYMGELVRLVLLKLVDENLLFHGEASEQLRTRGAFETRF
                     VSQVESDSGDRKQIHNILSTLGLRPSVTDCDIVRRACESVSTRAAHMCSAGLAGVINR
                     MRESRSEDVMRITVGVDGSVYKLHPSFKERFHASVRRLTPNCEITFIESEEGSGRGAA
                     LVSAVACKKACMLAQ"
     exon            154..316
                     /gene="Gck"
                     /gene_synonym="GLK; GLUKA; RNGK2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            317..471
                     /gene="Gck"
                     /gene_synonym="GLK; GLUKA; RNGK2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            472..591
                     /gene="Gck"
                     /gene_synonym="GLK; GLUKA; RNGK2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            592..687
                     /gene="Gck"
                     /gene_synonym="GLK; GLUKA; RNGK2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            688..787
                     /gene="Gck"
                     /gene_synonym="GLK; GLUKA; RNGK2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            788..971
                     /gene="Gck"
                     /gene_synonym="GLK; GLUKA; RNGK2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            972..1127
                     /gene="Gck"
                     /gene_synonym="GLK; GLUKA; RNGK2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1128..1361
                     /gene="Gck"
                     /gene_synonym="GLK; GLUKA; RNGK2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1362..2343
                     /gene="Gck"
                     /gene_synonym="GLK; GLUKA; RNGK2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 gcctatcttt tgcaacactc agccagacag tcctcacctg caacaggtgg cctcaggagt
       61 caggaacatc tctacttccc caacgacccc tgggttgtcc tctcagagat ggctatggat
      121 actacaaggt gtggagccca gttgttgact ctggtcgagc agatcctggc agagttccag
      181 ctgcaggagg aagacctgaa gaaggtgatg agccggatgc agaaggagat ggaccgtggc
      241 ctgaggctgg agacccacga ggaggccagt gtaaagatgt tacccaccta cgtgcgttcc
      301 accccagaag gctcagaagt cggagacttt ctctccttag acctgggagg aaccaacttc
      361 agagtgatgc tggtcaaagt gggagagggg gaggcagggc agtggagcgt gaagacaaaa
      421 caccagatgt actccatccc cgaggacgcc atgacgggca ctgccgagat gctctttgac
      481 tacatctctg aatgcatctc tgacttcctt gacaagcatc agatgaagca caagaaactg
      541 cccctgggct tcaccttctc cttccctgtg aggcacgaag acctagacaa gggcatcctc
      601 ctcaattgga ccaagggctt caaggcctct ggagcagaag ggaacaacat cgtaggactt
      661 ctccgagatg ctatcaagag gagaggggac tttgagatgg atgtggtggc aatggtgaac
      721 gacacagtgg ccacaatgat ctcctgctac tatgaagacc gccaatgtga ggtcggcatg
      781 attgtgggca ctggctgcaa tgcctgctac atggaggaaa tgcagaatgt ggagctggtg
      841 gaaggggatg agggacgcat gtgcgtcaac acggagtggg gcgccttcgg ggactcgggc
      901 gagctggatg agttcctact ggagtatgac cggatggtgg atgaaagctc agcgaacccc
      961 ggtcagcagc tgtacgagaa gatcatcggt gggaagtata tgggcgagct ggtacgactt
     1021 gtgctgctta agctggtgga cgagaacctt ctgttccacg gagaggcctc ggagcagctg
     1081 cgcacgcgtg gtgcttttga gacccgtttc gtgtcacaag tggagagcga ctccggggac
     1141 cgaaagcaga tccacaacat cctaagcact ctggggcttc gaccctctgt caccgactgc
     1201 gacattgtgc gccgtgcctg tgaaagcgtg tccactcgcg ccgcccatat gtgctccgca
     1261 ggactagctg gggtcataaa tcgcatgcgc gaaagccgca gtgaggacgt gatgcgcatc
     1321 actgtgggcg tggatggctc cgtgtacaag ctgcacccga gcttcaagga gcggtttcac
     1381 gccagtgtgc gcaggctgac acccaactgc gaaatcacct tcatcgaatc agaggagggc
     1441 agcggcaggg gagccgcgct ggtctctgcg gtggcctgca agaaggcttg catgctggcc
     1501 cagtgaaatc caggtcatat ggaccgggac ctgggttcca cggggactcc acacaccaca
     1561 aatgctccca gcccaccggg gcaggagacc tattctgctg ctacccctgg aaaatgggga
     1621 gaggcccctg caagccgagt cggccagtgg gacagcccta gggctctcag cctggggcag
     1681 ggggctggga ggaagaagag gatcagaggc gccaaggcct ttcttgctag aatcaactac
     1741 agaaaatggc ggaaaatact caggacttgc actttcacga ttcttgcttc ccaagcgtgg
     1801 gtctggcctc ccaagggaat gcttcctgga ccttgcaatg gcctggcttc cctggggggg
     1861 acacaccttc atggggaggt aacttcagca gttcggccag accagacccc aggagagtaa
     1921 gggctgctag tcacccagac ctggctgttt tcttgtctgt ggctgaagag gccggggagc
     1981 catgagagac tgactatccg gctacatgga gaggactttc caggcatgaa catgccagag
     2041 actgttgcct tcatatacct ccacccgagt ggcttacagt tctgggatga accctcccag
     2101 gagatgccag aggttagagc cccagagtcc ttgctctaag gggaccagaa aggggaggcc
     2161 tcactctgca ctattcaagc aggaatcatc tccaacactc aggtccctga cccaggagga
     2221 agaagccacc ctcagtgtcc ctccaagaga ccacccaggt ccttctctcc ctcgttccca
     2281 aatgccagcc tctctacctg ggactgtggg ggagttttta attaaatatt taaaactact
     2341 tca
//
