LOCUS       NM_012707               1081 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 13-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus glucagon (Gcg), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_012707
VERSION     NM_012707.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1081)
  AUTHORS   Nakamori,H., Niimi,A., Mitsui,R. and Hashitani,H.
  TITLE     Lipopolysaccharide accelerates peristalsis by stimulating
            glucagon-like peptide-1 release from L cells in the rat proximal
            colon
  JOURNAL   J Physiol 602 (19), 4803-4820 (2024)
   PUBMED   39287487
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Lipopolysaccharide accelerates peristalsis by stimulating
            glucagon-like peptide-1 release from L cells in the rat proximal
            colon.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1081)
  AUTHORS   Ali,I.I., D'Souza,C., Tariq,S. and Adeghate,E.A.
  TITLE     Adropin Is Expressed in Pancreatic Islet Cells and Reduces Glucagon
            Release in Diabetes Mellitus
  JOURNAL   Int J Mol Sci 25 (18), 9824 (2024)
   PUBMED   39337311
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Adropin Is Expressed in Pancreatic Islet Cells and Reduces
            Glucagon Release in Diabetes Mellitus.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1081)
  AUTHORS   Randolph,A.B., Zheng,H. and Rinaman,L.
  TITLE     Populations of Hindbrain Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP1) Neurons
            That Innervate the Hypothalamic PVH, Thalamic PVT, or Limbic
            Forebrain BST Have Axon Collaterals That Reach All Central Regions
            Innervated by GLP1 Neurons
  JOURNAL   J Neurosci 44 (31), e2063232024 (2024)
   PUBMED   38811166
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Populations of Hindbrain Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP1)
            Neurons That Innervate the Hypothalamic PVH, Thalamic PVT, or
            Limbic Forebrain BST Have Axon Collaterals That Reach All Central
            Regions Innervated by GLP1 Neurons.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1081)
  AUTHORS   Wang,Q.Y., Zhang,W., Zhao,Y., Chen,H.L., Liu,Q., Wang,Z.H.,
            Zeng,L.T., Li,J., Chen,S.J., Wei,L., Iwakuma,T. and Cai,J.P.
  TITLE     Colonic L-cell impairment in aged subjects with type 2 diabetes
            leads to diminished GLP-1 production
  JOURNAL   Diabetes Metab Syndr 17 (12), 102907 (2023)
   PUBMED   37980723
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Colonic L-cell impairment in aged subjects with type 2
            diabetes leads to diminished GLP-1 production.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1081)
  AUTHORS   Zhu,Y., Tian,J., Shao,Y.W., Zhao,J., Jia,S.H. and Shu,Q.
  TITLE     [Electroacupuncture improves obesity and promotes white adipose
            tissue browning by regulating central glucagon-like peptide-1]
  JOURNAL   Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 48 (8), 727-735 (2023)
   PUBMED   37614130
  REMARK    GeneRIF: [Electroacupuncture improves obesity and promotes white
            adipose tissue browning by regulating central glucagon-like
            peptide-1].
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1081)
  AUTHORS   Mojsov,S., Kopczynski,M.G. and Habener,J.F.
  TITLE     Both amidated and nonamidated forms of glucagon-like peptide I are
            synthesized in the rat intestine and the pancreas
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 265 (14), 8001-8008 (1990)
   PUBMED   1692320
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1081)
  AUTHORS   Yamato,E., Noma,Y., Tahara,Y., Ikegami,H., Yamamoto,Y., Cha,T.,
            Yoneda,H., Ogihara,T., Ohboshi,C., Hirota,M. et al.
  TITLE     Suppression of synthesis and release of glucagon by glucagon-like
            peptide-1 (7-36 amide) without affect on mRNA level in isolated rat
            islets
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 167 (2), 431-437 (1990)
   PUBMED   2182011
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1081)
  AUTHORS   Mojsov,S., Heinrich,G., Wilson,I.B., Ravazzola,M., Orci,L. and
            Habener,J.F.
  TITLE     Preproglucagon gene expression in pancreas and intestine
            diversifies at the level of post-translational processing
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 261 (25), 11880-11889 (1986)
   PUBMED   3528148
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1081)
  AUTHORS   Heinrich,G., Gros,P., Lund,P.K., Bentley,R.C. and Habener,J.F.
  TITLE     Pre-proglucagon messenger ribonucleic acid: nucleotide and encoded
            amino acid sequences of the rat pancreatic complementary
            deoxyribonucleic acid
  JOURNAL   Endocrinology 115 (6), 2176-2181 (1984)
   PUBMED   6548696
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1081)
  AUTHORS   Heinrich,G., Gros,P. and Habener,J.F.
  TITLE     Glucagon gene sequence. Four of six exons encode separate
            functional domains of rat pre-proglucagon
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 259 (22), 14082-14087 (1984)
   PUBMED   6094539
COMMENT     VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
            preliminary review. The reference sequence was derived from
            JAXUCZ010000003.1.
            
            On Jan 4, 2022 this sequence version replaced NM_012707.2.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BP480555.1, SRR26643288.13684.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMEA5760393,
                                           SAMN09345330 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-80                JAXUCZ010000003.1  67531454-67531533   c
            81-185              JAXUCZ010000003.1  67528400-67528504   c
            186-347             JAXUCZ010000003.1  67526487-67526648   c
            348-485             JAXUCZ010000003.1  67524781-67524918   c
            486-629             JAXUCZ010000003.1  67523667-67523810   c
            630-1081            JAXUCZ010000003.1  67522489-67522940   c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1081
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="BN"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="3"
                     /map="3q21"
     gene            1..1081
                     /gene="Gcg"
                     /gene_synonym="GLP-1; Glp1"
                     /note="glucagon"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:24952"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2668"
     exon            1..80
                     /gene="Gcg"
                     /gene_synonym="GLP-1; Glp1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            81..185
                     /gene="Gcg"
                     /gene_synonym="GLP-1; Glp1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             94..636
                     /gene="Gcg"
                     /gene_synonym="GLP-1; Glp1"
                     /note="glucagon-like peptide-1; pro-glucagon"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="pro-glucagon preproprotein"
                     /protein_id="NP_036839.2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:24952"
                     /db_xref="RGD:2668"
                     /translation="MKTVYIVAGLFVMLVQGSWQHAPQDTEENARSFPASQTEPLEDP
                     NQINEDKRHSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNTKRNRNNIAKRHDEFERHAEGT
                     FTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGRGRRDFPEEVAIAEELGRRHADGSFSDEMNTILD
                     NLATRDFINWLIQTKITDKK"
     exon            186..347
                     /gene="Gcg"
                     /gene_synonym="GLP-1; Glp1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            348..485
                     /gene="Gcg"
                     /gene_synonym="GLP-1; Glp1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            486..629
                     /gene="Gcg"
                     /gene_synonym="GLP-1; Glp1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            630..1081
                     /gene="Gcg"
                     /gene_synonym="GLP-1; Glp1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 agagcttggg cgcagaacac actcaaagtt cccaaaggag ctccacctgt ctacacctcc
       61 tctcagctca gtcccacaag gcagaataaa aaaatgaaga ccgtttacat cgtggctgga
      121 ttgtttgtaa tgctggtaca aggcagctgg cagcatgccc ctcaagacac ggaggagaac
      181 gccagatcat tcccagcttc ccagacagaa ccacttgaag accctaatca gataaacgaa
      241 gacaaacgcc attcacaggg cacattcacc agtgactaca gcaaatacct ggactcccgc
      301 cgtgctcaag attttgtgca gtggttgatg aacaccaaga ggaaccggaa caacattgcc
      361 aaacgtcatg atgaatttga gaggcatgct gaagggacct ttaccagtga tgtgagttct
      421 tacttggagg gccaggcagc aaaggaattc attgcttggc tggtgaaagg ccgaggaagg
      481 cgagacttcc cggaagaagt cgccatagct gaggaacttg ggcgcagaca tgctgatgga
      541 tccttctctg atgagatgaa cacgattctc gataaccttg ccaccagaga cttcatcaac
      601 tggctgattc aaaccaagat cactgacaag aaataggaat atttcaccat tcacaaccat
      661 cttcacaaca tctcctgcca gtcacttggg atgtacattt gagagctata tcctgaagct
      721 atactgcttt gcatgcggac gaatacattt ccctttagcg ttgtgtaacc caaaggttgt
      781 aaatggaata aagtttttcc agggtgttga taaagtaaca actttacagt atgaaaatgc
      841 tggattctca aattgtctcc tcgttttgaa gttaccgccc tgagattact tttctgtggt
      901 ataaattgta aattatcgca gtcacgacac ctggattaca acaacagaag acatggtaac
      961 ctggtaaccg tagtggtgaa cctggaaaga gaacttcttc cttgaaccct ttgtcataaa
     1021 tgcgctcagc tttcaatgta tcaagaatag atttaaataa atatctcatc ctttgttatt
     1081 a
//
