LOCUS       NM_001004085            2757 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 03-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus carnitine O-acetyltransferase (Crat), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001004085 XM_242301
VERSION     NM_001004085.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2757)
  AUTHORS   Seiler,S.E., Martin,O.J., Noland,R.C., Slentz,D.H., DeBalsi,K.L.,
            Ilkayeva,O.R., An,J., Newgard,C.B., Koves,T.R. and Muoio,D.M.
  TITLE     Obesity and lipid stress inhibit carnitine acetyltransferase
            activity
  JOURNAL   J Lipid Res 55 (4), 635-644 (2014)
   PUBMED   24395925
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Lipid-induced antagonism of CrAT might contribute to
            decreased PDH activity and glucose disposal in the context of
            obesity and diabetes.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2757)
  AUTHORS   Violante,S., Ijlst,L., Ruiter,J., Koster,J., van Lenthe,H.,
            Duran,M., de Almeida,I.T., Wanders,R.J., Houten,S.M. and
            Ventura,F.V.
  TITLE     Substrate specificity of human carnitine acetyltransferase:
            Implications for fatty acid and branched-chain amino acid
            metabolism
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta 1832 (6), 773-779 (2013)
   PUBMED   23485643
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2757)
  AUTHORS   Bailey,J.A. and Lahiri,D.K.
  TITLE     Chromatographic separation of reaction products from the choline
            acetyltransferase and carnitine acetyltransferase assay:
            differential ChAT and CrAT activity in brain extracts from
            Alzheimer's disease versus controls
  JOURNAL   J Neurochem 122 (4), 672-680 (2012)
   PUBMED   22607230
  REMARK    GeneRIF: this assay can be used to measure carnitine
            acetyltransferase activity in the same samples, and assays
            comparing choline O-acetyltransferase and CrAT show that carnitine
            acetyltransferase is highly active in neuronal tissues and in
            neuronal cell cultures
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2757)
  AUTHORS   Zhao,X., Leon,I.R., Bak,S., Mogensen,M., Wrzesinski,K., Hojlund,K.
            and Jensen,O.N.
  TITLE     Phosphoproteome analysis of functional mitochondria isolated from
            resting human muscle reveals extensive phosphorylation of inner
            membrane protein complexes and enzymes
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell Proteomics 10 (1), M110.000299 (2011)
   PUBMED   20833797
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2757)
  AUTHORS   Ghosh,D. and Berg,J.M.
  TITLE     A proteome-wide perspective on peroxisome targeting signal
            1(PTS1)-Pex5p affinities
  JOURNAL   J Am Chem Soc 132 (11), 3973-3979 (2010)
   PUBMED   20178365
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2757)
  AUTHORS   Cordente,A.G., Lopez-Vinas,E., Vazquez,M.I., Gomez-Puertas,P.,
            Asins,G., Serra,D. and Hegardt,F.G.
  TITLE     Mutagenesis of specific amino acids converts carnitine
            acetyltransferase into carnitine palmitoyltransferase
  JOURNAL   Biochemistry 45 (19), 6133-6141 (2006)
   PUBMED   16681386
  REMARK    GeneRIF: by performing two amino acid replacements a carnitine
            acetyltransferase can be converted into a pseudo carnitine
            palmitoyltransferase in terms of substrate specificity
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2757)
  AUTHORS   Cordente,A.G., Lopez-Vinas,E., Vazquez,M.I., Swiegers,J.H.,
            Pretorius,I.S., Gomez-Puertas,P., Hegardt,F.G., Asins,G. and
            Serra,D.
  TITLE     Redesign of carnitine acetyltransferase specificity by protein
            engineering
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 279 (32), 33899-33908 (2004)
   PUBMED   15155769
  REMARK    GeneRIF: show for the first time that a single amino acid is able
            to determine the substrate specificity of carnitine
            acetyltransferase (CrAT)
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2757)
  AUTHORS   Govindasamy,L., Kukar,T., Lian,W., Pedersen,B., Gu,Y.,
            Agbandje-McKenna,M., Jin,S., McKenna,R. and Wu,D.
  TITLE     Structural and mutational characterization of L-carnitine binding
            to human carnitine acetyltransferase
  JOURNAL   J Struct Biol 146 (3), 416-424 (2004)
   PUBMED   15099582
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2757)
  AUTHORS   Mootha,V.K., Bunkenborg,J., Olsen,J.V., Hjerrild,M.,
            Wisniewski,J.R., Stahl,E., Bolouri,M.S., Ray,H.N., Sihag,S.,
            Kamal,M., Patterson,N., Lander,E.S. and Mann,M.
  TITLE     Integrated analysis of protein composition, tissue diversity, and
            gene regulation in mouse mitochondria
  JOURNAL   Cell 115 (5), 629-640 (2003)
   PUBMED   14651853
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2757)
  AUTHORS   Bloisi,W., Colombo,I., Garavaglia,B., Giardini,R., Finocchiaro,G.
            and Didonato,S.
  TITLE     Purification and properties of carnitine acetyltransferase from
            human liver
  JOURNAL   Eur J Biochem 189 (3), 539-546 (1990)
   PUBMED   2351134
COMMENT     PROVISIONAL REFSEQ: This record has not yet been subject to final
            NCBI review. The reference sequence was derived from BC083616.1.
            
            On Oct 10, 2004 this sequence version replaced NM_001004085.1.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC083616.1, AJ620886.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA5760383, SAMEA5760389
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            gene product(s) localized to mito. :: inferred from homology
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on conservation,
                                                  expression, longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2757
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="3"
                     /map="3p12"
     gene            1..2757
                     /gene="Crat"
                     /note="carnitine O-acetyltransferase"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:311849"
                     /db_xref="RGD:1303031"
     exon            1..249
                     /gene="Crat"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             223..2103
                     /gene="Crat"
                     /EC_number="2.3.1.7"
                     /EC_number="2.3.1.137"
                     /note="CAT; carnitine acetylase; carnitine
                     acetyltransferase"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="carnitine O-acetyltransferase"
                     /protein_id="NP_001004085.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:311849"
                     /db_xref="RGD:1303031"
                     /translation="MLAFAARTVVKPLGLLKPSSLMKVSGRFKAHQDALPRLPVPPLQ
                     QSLDHYLKALQPIVSEEEWAHTKQLVDEFQTSGGVGERLQKGLERRAKKMENWLSEWW
                     LKTAYLQFRQPVVIYSSPGVLLPKQDFMDLQGQLRFAAKLIEGVLDFKSMIDNETLPV
                     EFLGGQPLCMNQYYQILSSCRVPGLKQDSVVNFLKSKKPPTHITVVHNYQFFELDVYH
                     SDGTPLTSDQIFVQLEKIWNSSLQSNKEPVGILTSNHRNSWAKAYSSLIKDKVNRESV
                     NSIQKSIFTVCLDKQVPRVSDDVYRSHVAGQMLHGGGSKFNSGNRWFDKTLQFIVAED
                     GSCGMVYEHAAAEGPPIVALVDHVMEYTKKPELVRSPMVPLPMPKKLRFNITPEIKND
                     IEKAKQNISIMIQDLDIMMLVFHHFGKDFPKSQKLSPDAFIQIALQLAYYRIYGQACA
                     TYESASLRMFHLGRTDTIRSASTDSLAFVKGMDDPKVPEQQRVELLRKAVQAHRAYTD
                     RAIRGEAFDRHLLGLKLQAIEDLVSMPDIFMDTSYAIAMHFNLSTSQVPAKTDCVMSF
                     GPVVPDGYGICYNPMEAHINFSVSAYNSCAETNAARMAHYLEKALLDMRTLLQNHPRA
                     KL"
     exon            250..513
                     /gene="Crat"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            514..632
                     /gene="Crat"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            633..686
                     /gene="Crat"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            687..852
                     /gene="Crat"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            853..1027
                     /gene="Crat"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1028..1206
                     /gene="Crat"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1207..1307
                     /gene="Crat"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1308..1427
                     /gene="Crat"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1428..1550
                     /gene="Crat"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1551..1686
                     /gene="Crat"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1687..1749
                     /gene="Crat"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1750..1887
                     /gene="Crat"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1888..2730
                     /gene="Crat"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 ctgcgaccca tcaaagctcc gccccgtgag tcctgcctga ccggcagccc gccgggcccg
       61 gtggccgcgg ggccgcctct actggctaac ggcagtgact cggcgacctt gaacctagag
      121 ccctaaccgc gaacccactg accccagcac cccagcagtg gcgcagagtt tacccagcgt
      181 gaggggcgga gcggacccag tgtccgcaaa cagattggga caatgttagc ttttgctgcc
      241 agaaccgtgg tgaaacccct gggcctcctc aagccctcct ccttgatgaa ggtgtctggt
      301 cgatttaagg cccaccagga tgcactgcca cggctgcctg tgcctccact tcagcaatcc
      361 ctggaccatt acctcaaggc actgcagccc atcgtgagtg aggaagaatg ggctcacacc
      421 aagcaactgg tggacgagtt tcagacctca gggggtgtag gggaacgcct gcagaaggga
      481 ttggagcgca gggccaagaa aatggagaac tggctgtccg agtggtggct caagacagcc
      541 tatctccagt tccgccagcc tgtggtcatc tactccagtc caggagtgct gctgcccaag
      601 caggacttca tggatctaca gggtcagctc cggtttgctg ccaaactcat cgagggtgta
      661 ttggatttca agtccatgat tgacaacgag acgctgccag ttgagttcct gggaggacag
      721 ccactgtgca tgaaccagta ttatcagatc ctgtcttctt gccgtgtgcc tggcctcaag
      781 caggactcag tggtgaactt cttaaagtca aagaaaccac ccacacatat aaccgtggtg
      841 cataactacc agttcttcga gctggatgtg taccacagtg atgggacacc actcacctca
      901 gatcagatct ttgtgcagct tgagaaaatc tggaactcct cactgcaatc caacaaggag
      961 cctgttggca tcctaacctc caaccaccgg aacagctggg ccaaggccta cagcagcctc
     1021 attaaagaca aagtaaaccg ggagtcggtg aactccatcc agaagagcat cttcactgtg
     1081 tgcctggaca agcaagtgcc cagagtctca gatgatgtct accgcagcca cgtagccggc
     1141 cagatgcttc atggtggtgg cagcaagttc aacagtggca accgctggtt cgacaagaca
     1201 ctgcagttta ttgtggcaga agatggctcc tgtgggatgg tttatgaaca tgcagctgca
     1261 gaagggcccc ccattgtcgc tcttgtggac catgtcatgg agtatacaaa gaagcctgaa
     1321 cttgtgcggt cccctatggt acccctgcct atgcccaaga agctgcggtt caacatcaca
     1381 cctgagatca agaatgacat agagaaggcc aaacagaaca tcagcatcat gatccaggac
     1441 ctggacatca tgatgctggt tttccatcac tttggaaagg acttccccaa gtcccagaag
     1501 ctaagccctg atgccttcat ccagatagcc ctgcagctgg catactacag gatctatggg
     1561 caggcgtgtg ccacgtatga aagcgcctct ctgcgcatgt ttcacctggg ccgcactgac
     1621 accatccgct ccgcctccac agactcgctg gcctttgtca aaggcatgga tgaccccaaa
     1681 gtgccggagc agcagagggt ggagctgctt cgaaaggctg tgcaggccca ccgagcctac
     1741 accgaccgcg ccatccgagg ggaggccttt gaccggcact tgctgggtct gaagctacag
     1801 gccatcgagg acctggtgag catgcctgac atcttcatgg atacctccta cgccattgcc
     1861 atgcacttca acctttctac cagccaggtc cctgccaaga cagactgtgt catgtccttc
     1921 ggacctgtgg tcccagacgg ttacggcatc tgctacaatc ccatggaggc ccatatcaac
     1981 ttttccgtgt cagcctacaa cagctgtgct gagaccaacg ctgcccgcat ggctcactac
     2041 ttggagaaag ctctgctgga catgcgcacc ttactccaga accaccccag ggccaagctc
     2101 tgaacccagg cccaggcctg cccgttccac agccaagccc actttggaat ggactcctgc
     2161 catggctcgc actcccttgg ctcccgtgcc ctccaggctg actgagccag ataagcattc
     2221 tctagcaggg ccccgaggtc caagccaagt gccttccagg ccttgtcctc agcacctgct
     2281 gtagtatgta tagggctgag cccagaggct gaacaagact aaggcccggg tccccagcat
     2341 atcatccatc gatgtgaatc atggggaagg gaacccgtcc agcccacccc tcctcagcag
     2401 gagctgtgaa gagtcccttt cctccgccct ggccagtctc tttcatctcc acagccaagc
     2461 cagaatctgt cttcatgagg aaatacccag ggaccaggag tcagaggact atctatcgat
     2521 gaggggcctc agcctctcca tagtaagggt taagggacac ctgaggccta gcctccaccc
     2581 tgcacctcga ggtgccatct cccagctgcc actctctggt gactcttgag ccccagactt
     2641 cctgcttcca ttcagtgtgg ttcttgctgc agtcatggtt gcataatgtg attctgccag
     2701 gcgatcaata aagggaagag tgctggtgaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaa
//
