LOCUS       NM_031612               3114 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 10-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Rattus norvegicus apelin (Apln), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_031612
VERSION     NM_031612.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  ORGANISM  Rattus norvegicus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3114)
  AUTHORS   Guo,Q., Liu,Q., Zhou,S., Lin,Y., Lv,A., Zhang,L., Li,L. and
            Huang,F.
  TITLE     Apelin regulates mitochondrial dynamics by inhibiting Mst1-JNK-Drp1
            signaling pathway to reduce neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord
            injury
  JOURNAL   Neurochem Int 180, 105885 (2024)
   PUBMED   39433147
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Apelin regulates mitochondrial dynamics by inhibiting
            Mst1-JNK-Drp1 signaling pathway to reduce neuronal apoptosis after
            spinal cord injury.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3114)
  AUTHORS   Li,Y., Hu,Q. and Wang,B.
  TITLE     Effects of Apelin on the fibrosis of retinal tissues and Muller
            cells in diabetes retinopathy through the JAK2/STAT3 signalling
            pathway
  JOURNAL   Autoimmunity 56 (1), 2259129 (2023)
   PUBMED   37771168
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Effects of Apelin on the fibrosis of retinal tissues and
            Muller cells in diabetes retinopathy through the JAK2/STAT3
            signalling pathway.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3114)
  AUTHORS   Cardoso Dos Santos,L.M., Azar,P., Brun,C., Konig,S., Roatti,A.,
            Baertschi,A.J., Chaabane,C. and Bochaton-Piallat,M.L.
  TITLE     Apelin is expressed in intimal smooth muscle cells and promotes
            their phenotypic transition
  JOURNAL   Sci Rep 13 (1), 18736 (2023)
   PUBMED   37907514
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Apelin is expressed in intimal smooth muscle cells and
            promotes their phenotypic transition.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3114)
  AUTHORS   Gemici,B., Birsen,I. and Izgut-Uysal,V.N.
  TITLE     The apelin-apela receptor APJ is necessary for formation and
            healing of ischemia reperfusion-induced gastric ulcer in rats
  JOURNAL   Peptides 166, 171027 (2023)
   PUBMED   37245722
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The apelin-apela receptor APJ is necessary for formation
            and healing of ischemia reperfusion-induced gastric ulcer in rats.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3114)
  AUTHORS   Soleimani,A.H., Dehghani,A., Abbasnejad,M., Esmaeili-Mahani,S.,
            Raoof,M. and Lobbezoo,F.
  TITLE     Apelin signalling in the periaqueductal grey matter alleviates
            capsaicin-evoked pulpal nocifensive behaviour and capsaicin-induced
            spatial learning and memory impairments in rat
  JOURNAL   Int Endod J 56 (8), 968-979 (2023)
   PUBMED   37184417
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Apelin signalling in the periaqueductal grey matter
            alleviates capsaicin-evoked pulpal nocifensive behaviour and
            capsaicin-induced spatial learning and memory impairments in rat.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3114)
  AUTHORS   Reaux,A., De Mota,N., Skultetyova,I., Lenkei,Z., El Messari,S.,
            Gallatz,K., Corvol,P., Palkovits,M. and Llorens-Cortes,C.
  TITLE     Physiological role of a novel neuropeptide, apelin, and its
            receptor in the rat brain
  JOURNAL   J Neurochem 77 (4), 1085-1096 (2001)
   PUBMED   11359874
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3114)
  AUTHORS   Kawamata,Y., Habata,Y., Fukusumi,S., Hosoya,M., Fujii,R.,
            Hinuma,S., Nishizawa,N., Kitada,C., Onda,H., Nishimura,O. and
            Fujino,M.
  TITLE     Molecular properties of apelin: tissue distribution and receptor
            binding
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta 1538 (2-3), 162-171 (2001)
   PUBMED   11336787
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3114)
  AUTHORS   Lee,D.K., Cheng,R., Nguyen,T., Fan,T., Kariyawasam,A.P., Liu,Y.,
            Osmond,D.H., George,S.R. and O'Dowd,B.F.
  TITLE     Characterization of apelin, the ligand for the APJ receptor
  JOURNAL   J Neurochem 74 (1), 34-41 (2000)
   PUBMED   10617103
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3114)
  AUTHORS   Habata,Y., Fujii,R., Hosoya,M., Fukusumi,S., Kawamata,Y.,
            Hinuma,S., Kitada,C., Nishizawa,N., Murosaki,S., Kurokawa,T.,
            Onda,H., Tatemoto,K. and Fujino,M.
  TITLE     Apelin, the natural ligand of the orphan receptor APJ, is
            abundantly secreted in the colostrum
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta 1452 (1), 25-35 (1999)
   PUBMED   10525157
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3114)
  AUTHORS   Tatemoto,K., Hosoya,M., Habata,Y., Fujii,R., Kakegawa,T., Zou,M.X.,
            Kawamata,Y., Fukusumi,S., Hinuma,S., Kitada,C., Kurokawa,T.,
            Onda,H. and Fujino,M.
  TITLE     Isolation and characterization of a novel endogenous peptide ligand
            for the human APJ receptor
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 251 (2), 471-476 (1998)
   PUBMED   9792798
COMMENT     VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
            preliminary review. The reference sequence was derived from
            JAXUCZ010000021.1 and BC080843.1.
            
            On Jul 31, 2012 this sequence version replaced NM_031612.2.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC080843.1, SRR26360186.2774236.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMN16676807,
                                           SAMN16676810 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-14                JAXUCZ010000021.1  132091233-132091246 c
            15-3114             BC080843.1         1-3100
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3114
                     /organism="Rattus norvegicus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="BN"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10116"
                     /chromosome="X"
                     /map="Xq36"
     gene            1..3114
                     /gene="Apln"
                     /gene_synonym="Apel"
                     /note="apelin"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:58812"
                     /db_xref="RGD:620672"
     exon            1..407
                     /gene="Apln"
                     /gene_synonym="Apel"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             341..574
                     /gene="Apln"
                     /gene_synonym="Apel"
                     /note="APJ endogenous ligand; apelin, AGTRL1 ligand"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="apelin preproprotein"
                     /protein_id="NP_113800.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:58812"
                     /db_xref="RGD:620672"
                     /translation="MNLSFCVQALLLLWLSLTAVCGVPLMLPPDGKGLEEGNMRYLVK
                     PRTSRTGPGAWQGGRRKFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF"
     exon            408..579
                     /gene="Apln"
                     /gene_synonym="Apel"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            580..3082
                     /gene="Apln"
                     /gene_synonym="Apel"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 tccagcagcc tggaccaacg ggtagttggg agtcgcgggc agagcacagc taaccacttg
       61 gagagttttt gctgctgact ggagccacca aggccagctt cgcggcgctg ccctgcggcg
      121 gcagaggagg ctgcaccaga gcagaggcag cgagcaggct tggggccggt agccagcggt
      181 gcggctgggg cgctcactct ctccagccag cggtccggga gccacgcgag ctccgtgccc
      241 gcacgcgcta gccccggctc gcgcctttct ttgcgtcagg gtgcccggcc tctccgccca
      301 ctcgccggct cattagggct gccacggacc gagttgcagc atgaatctga gtttctgcgt
      361 gcaggcgctg ctgctgctct ggctctcctt gactgccgtg tgtggagtgc cactgatgct
      421 gcctccagat gggaaagggc tagaagaagg caacatgcgc tacctggtga agcccagaac
      481 ttcgaggact ggaccagggg cctggcaggg aggcaggagg aaatttcgca gacagcggcc
      541 ccgtctctcc cataagggac ccatgccttt ctaaagcagg attgaagggc tctccaagtg
      601 ccctcccggt gccagtctct ttactccaca gatgagttct cttctctgga accctcacat
      661 ctatttggct ctcatcttgc acctgttatc gctgctgatg gtcccagctc ttcttctcac
      721 ccaccaagtt cctctaatgg cgtggtctca cccctcattt ggatgattcc atttctcttg
      781 caaggatccc tttggcccat cttcctggcc actccttgga ctgcccttgg agacccagct
      841 tctcctggcc tgctccaggc gctagttcct atcttttggc tttagcctgc tcttggtccc
      901 tccctttttt catttgcctt gggcactgga caagaacact cccttcttca atggattcct
      961 gcacatccat actttcttat caattggacc tctcgcctgg aagggagtac agggatgtac
     1021 aatgagactt tggttgagag ggattgggtg ttggggtcca gagaaggtgc actggggaaa
     1081 cagtgggcat aaggaagggg tgaggagaaa tagctgtcat ggcctcttcc ttagctctct
     1141 ctggccctgt taaaggaaga tgcaaaggag aggaacccat gaagtgctat gtcactgtgt
     1201 ctcctaacat ctttgctctc tctgttctat tgccgctggt tcactcccca ggtcaaaagg
     1261 ggaaagtgct gatcctgaca tggttctata ctcttctggg agtaattttg ccaaaaaaaa
     1321 aaaaaaattc caaaccaaac aacccacaga aagtcagagc ccaaaggacc cttgaagatc
     1381 atttagcttc cttatgcaaa agcttgcaca aacaggccct ggagagggaa atgaccttct
     1441 cagagccact gcagagcctc acagggcacc agggccccca actcccactt tatgatgccc
     1501 tttttcctct tgatgatgtc ctttcatagc aaatgaagtg ccttttgatg ggtttagtga
     1561 agtgggtggc taggaaggaa aagcaaggga gagacaagcc agttaggaag tgccttgtgt
     1621 gggacttctt ccaatgtggc ctggaagagt ccataagagg tgaggtgtac cccacacagg
     1681 cctattccca ggctcatgcg attttaattg aggttctcag gaactgaaac taccatttag
     1741 gccctgaaac tagttgtcat gaacccctat gttgactggg cccttgatct tgaggctttt
     1801 gggggatgga gaaaggcgaa gaaaggaagg agagtggaag gatgtgtagg tgggctctat
     1861 cactacaagt ggtctcatct ctcaccagga gccatttgta gcccttccct gaagggagac
     1921 tctcatctct gcttgagcag atgtttttct cagaggcctc tcaggaggga gaaaagagaa
     1981 gacagaagct tgaattcact tacatatgta tagggtaggg ggagtcagga cccccaagcc
     2041 ccataataac ctgattgcct attcacccgt cccaaaatcc ttcccatctg ctgctgctaa
     2101 tgctgctgct gctgctgccg cttcaaggcc caccctgggg agctgggcca gtcatagagt
     2161 cctcactcct tgggcttgaa gtgggggctt gctggtgcct cttctactgc tggtacccct
     2221 gccagggacc aggccttctc tgtctttgtt gtttttgtac ctcttgcctt atcagcctgc
     2281 catggccaat cccacaggga aggggaggga aggaggatgt tggctgagaa agaggagaga
     2341 tagaaacaga agagggggag tgaatggacc cagtgggctg tcttatttaa agtggttgtg
     2401 tatgattctt atactaattt atatagagat attaaggccc tctgagttaa agaaactgtc
     2461 ctcatcccgt gtgttcacta tgtttgtaaa aaatgttcca tgtaaatatg tctttataat
     2521 aaagagttaa aagctgacag tttgccctta cttgttgagg tcatattcag gaggggcctt
     2581 cttttccccc tagggccgag cttgtccctg tgcccacaga ttgcacgtgt agggaggtga
     2641 gtgcttgtat cccaaattgg ttctaggtca actggcctca aaccgatttg ccacaagctc
     2701 acaaaaagcc tcgctatgct taagggccag ttcacataaa tttgagcccc ttttaagtcc
     2761 tttggcatct gttcgaatgt cctcattttt ctggcagtgt cacttaaagg tttttttcag
     2821 aagcaattca tttaaggaca cgctgatcag aggtgggaat tgtactacat gctgttttgt
     2881 aaccctggtg ggtgtcttgt gttgtatctg cttttgaata ctttcgggac tttttagcca
     2941 gtttgccttt cttgacaaat gttgtcttca gccataaata catttggtaa tgactttgta
     3001 tgtatcattt tatgtttcac aaagtggagt tgcttgatga atgagatagc ctggaaaata
     3061 aaatgcgagg agttcaatac aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaa
//
