LOCUS       NM_011723               4623 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 09-OCT-2024
DEFINITION  Mus musculus xanthine dehydrogenase (Xdh), transcript variant 1,
            mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_011723
VERSION     NM_011723.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Mus musculus (house mouse)
  ORGANISM  Mus musculus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 4623)
  AUTHORS   Li,H., Li,X., Wang,Y., Han,W., Li,H. and Zhang,Q.
  TITLE     Hypoxia-Mediated Upregulation of Xanthine Oxidoreductase Causes DNA
            Damage of Colonic Epithelial Cells in Colitis
  JOURNAL   Inflammation 47 (4), 1142-1155 (2024)
   PUBMED   38206514
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Hypoxia-Mediated Upregulation of Xanthine Oxidoreductase
            Causes DNA Damage of Colonic Epithelial Cells in Colitis.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 4623)
  AUTHORS   Adams,D.J., Barlas,B., McIntyre,R.E., Salguero,I., van der
            Weyden,L., Barros,A., Vicente,J.R., Karimpour,N., Haider,A.,
            Ranzani,M., Turner,G., Thompson,N.A., Harle,V., Olvera-Leon,R.,
            Robles-Espinoza,C.D., Speak,A.O., Geisler,N., Weninger,W.J.,
            Geyer,S.H., Hewinson,J., Karp,N.A., Fu,B., Yang,F., Kozik,Z.,
            Choudhary,J., Yu,L., van Ruiten,M.S., Rowland,B.D., Lelliott,C.J.,
            Del Castillo Velasco-Herrera,M., Verstraten,R., Bruckner,L.,
            Henssen,A.G., Rooimans,M.A., de Lange,J., Mohun,T.J., Arends,M.J.,
            Kentistou,K.A., Coelho,P.A., Zhao,Y., Zecchini,H., Perry,J.R.B.,
            Jackson,S.P. and Balmus,G.
  CONSRTM   Sanger Mouse Genetics Project
  TITLE     Genetic determinants of micronucleus formation in vivo
  JOURNAL   Nature 627 (8002), 130-136 (2024)
   PUBMED   38355793
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 4623)
  AUTHORS   Schmidt,H.M., DeVallance,E.R., Lewis,S.E., Wood,K.C.,
            Annarapu,G.K., Carreno,M., Hahn,S.A., Seman,M., Maxwell,B.A.,
            Hileman,E.A., Xu,J.Z., Velayutham,M., Geldenhuys,W.J.,
            Vitturi,D.A., Shiva,S., Kelley,E.E. and Straub,A.C.
  TITLE     Release of hepatic xanthine oxidase (XO) to the circulation is
            protective in intravascular hemolytic crisis
  JOURNAL   Redox Biol 62, 102636 (2023)
   PUBMED   36906950
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Release of hepatic xanthine oxidase (XO) to the
            circulation is protective in intravascular hemolytic crisis.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 4623)
  AUTHORS   Burrage,E.N., Coblentz,T., Prabhu,S.S., Childers,R., Bryner,R.W.,
            Lewis,S.E., DeVallance,E., Kelley,E.E. and Chantler,P.D.
  TITLE     Xanthine oxidase mediates chronic stress-induced cerebrovascular
            dysfunction and cognitive impairment
  JOURNAL   J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 43 (6), 905-920 (2023)
   PUBMED   36655326
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Xanthine oxidase mediates chronic stress-induced
            cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 4623)
  AUTHORS   Nishino,T., Okamoto,K., Kawaguchi,Y., Hori,H., Matsumura,T.,
            Eger,B.T., Pai,E.F. and Nishino,T.
  TITLE     Mechanism of the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine
            oxidase: identification of the two cysteine disulfide bonds and
            crystal structure of a non-convertible rat liver xanthine
            dehydrogenase mutant
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 280 (26), 24888-24894 (2005)
   PUBMED   15878860
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Rat Xdh is a moonlighting protein that has two distinct
            catalytic activities as a dehydrogenase and an oxidase.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 4623)
  AUTHORS   Vorbach,C., Scriven,A. and Capecchi,M.R.
  TITLE     The housekeeping gene xanthine oxidoreductase is necessary for milk
            fat droplet enveloping and secretion: gene sharing in the lactating
            mammary gland
  JOURNAL   Genes Dev 16 (24), 3223-3235 (2002)
   PUBMED   12502743
  REMARK    GeneRIF:  Mouse Xdh is a moonlighting protein that has two distinct
            catalytic activities and acts a structural protein in milk fat
            droplets.
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 4623)
  AUTHORS   Ichikawa,M., Nishino,T., Nishino,T. and Ichikawa,A.
  TITLE     Subcellular localization of xanthine oxidase in rat hepatocytes:
            high-resolution immunoelectron microscopic study combined with
            biochemical analysis
  JOURNAL   J Histochem Cytochem 40 (8), 1097-1103 (1992)
   PUBMED   1619276
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 4623)
  AUTHORS   Terao,M., Cazzaniga,G., Ghezzi,P., Bianchi,M., Falciani,F.,
            Perani,P. and Garattini,E.
  TITLE     Molecular cloning of a cDNA coding for mouse liver xanthine
            dehydrogenase. Regulation of its transcript by interferons in vivo
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 283 (Pt 3) (Pt 3), 863-870 (1992)
   PUBMED   1590774
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 4623)
  AUTHORS   Angermuller,S., Bruder,G., Volkl,A., Wesch,H. and Fahimi,H.D.
  TITLE     Localization of xanthine oxidase in crystalline cores of
            peroxisomes. A cytochemical and biochemical study
  JOURNAL   Eur J Cell Biol 45 (1), 137-144 (1987)
   PUBMED   3443108
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 4623)
  AUTHORS   Lee,P.C.
  TITLE     Developmental changes of adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase, and
            uricase in mouse tissues
  JOURNAL   Dev Biol 31 (2), 227-233 (1973)
   PUBMED   4207016
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from BY318674.1, AK143412.1,
            AK034256.1, AK008517.1, AK161529.1 and AI323529.1.
            
            On Jan 23, 2014 this sequence version replaced NM_011723.2.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a member of the xanthine dehydrogenase
            protein family. The encoded protein has been identified as a
            moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform
            mechanistically distinct functions. The encoded protein exists as
            two distinct enzymatic forms, either as xanthine dehydrogenase, or
            as xanthine oxidase, and functions in purine degradation.
            Additional studies also suggest a role in adipogenesis, and a
            function as a structural protein in milk fat droplets in the
            lactating mammary gland. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AK144700.1, X62932.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMN00849374,
                                           SAMN00849375 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            multifunctional gene product(s) :: PMID: 12502743, 15878860
            RefSeq Select criteria          :: based on conservation,
                                               expression, longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-51                BY318674.1         2-52
            52-646              AK143412.1         1-595
            647-744             AK034256.1         597-694
            745-2516            AK143412.1         693-2464
            2517-3611           AK143412.1         2466-3560
            3612-4233           AK008517.1         529-1150
            4234-4601           AK161529.1         7410-7777
            4602-4623           AI323529.1         1-22                c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..4623
                     /organism="Mus musculus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="C57BL/6"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10090"
                     /chromosome="17"
                     /map="17 45.25 cM"
     gene            1..4623
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /note="xanthine dehydrogenase"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:22436"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:98973"
     exon            1..119
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            120..177
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            178..274
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            275..380
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            381..507
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            508..569
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            570..638
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            639..725
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            726..867
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            868..960
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            961..1112
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1113..1206
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1207..1316
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1317..1501
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1502..1676
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1677..1760
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1761..1930
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1931..2054
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2055..2174
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2175..2271
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2272..2396
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2397..2530
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2531..2618
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2619..2705
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2706..2897
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2898..3043
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3044..3125
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3126..3221
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3222..3350
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3351..3425
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3426..3478
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3479..3593
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3594..3659
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3660..3848
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            3849..4025
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            4026..4614
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      4585..4590
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     regulatory      4598..4603
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /note="hexamer: AATGAA"
     polyA_site      4603
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     polyA_site      4614
                     /gene="Xdh"
                     /gene_synonym="XO; Xor; Xox-1; Xox1"
ORIGIN      
        1 atctttcaag ttgcaggcag tgatatctac aagcacctcg cagcagctcg gggactccgg
       61 ccgtcacgat gacgaggaca acggtagatg agttggtctt ctttgtgaat ggcaaaaagg
      121 tggtggagaa aaatgcagac cctgaaacaa cacttctggt ctaccttaga agaaagttgg
      181 ggctgtgcgg gaccaagctt ggctgtggag aaggtggctg tggggcatgc accgtgatga
      241 tctccaagta tgaccgcctt cagaacaaga tcgttcattt ttccgtcaat gcctgcttga
      301 cccccatctg ctccttgcat catgttgctg tgacaactgt ggaaggcata ggaaacacca
      361 agaagctgca tcctgtccag gagagaattg ccaaaagcca tggttcccag tgtgggttct
      421 gtacccctgg tattgtcatg agtatgtaca cactgctccg aaacaagcct gagcctactg
      481 tcgaggagat cgagaatgcc ttccaaggaa acctctgccg ctgtacaggc tatagaccca
      541 tcctccaggg attccggacc tttgccaagg atggtgggtg ctgtggagga agtggaaaca
      601 acccaaactg ctgcatgagc caaacaaagg accagacgat tgctccctca tcttctttat
      661 tcaacccgga ggatttcaaa cctttagatc ccacccaaga gcccatcttt cccccagagt
      721 tgctgaggct gaaagacact ccccggaaga cgttgcgttt tgaaggggaa cgtgtgacct
      781 ggatccaggt ttcaaccatg gaggaactgc ttgacctcaa agcccagcac cctgatgcca
      841 agctggtggt gggaaacaca gagataggca ttgaaatgaa atttaaaaat atgctatttc
      901 ctctgatcat ctgcccagcc tggatccttg aactgacctc agtggcacat gggcctgagg
      961 gaatctcctt tggagccgct tgccccctta gcttggtgga aagtgtcctg gcggacgcga
     1021 ttgctacact tccagagcag aggacagagg tgttcagagg cgtgatggag cagctgcgct
     1081 ggtttgctgg caagcaggtc aagtccgtgg cgtccattgg cgggaacatc atcaccgcga
     1141 gccccatctc tgacctcaac cctgtgctca tggccagtcg agccaagctg accctcgcat
     1201 ctagaggtac caagagaacg gtctggatgg accatacctt cttccctggc tatagaagga
     1261 ctctgctcag tccagaggag atattggtgt ccattgtgat cccctacagc aggaagggtg
     1321 agtttttctc agccttcaag caggcctcca ggagagaaga tgacattgcc aaggtgacca
     1381 gtggcatgag agtcctgttc aagccaggga ccactgaagt gcaggaactg tccctttgct
     1441 ttggagggat ggctgacaga actgtctcag ccctcaagac cactccgaag cagctgtcca
     1501 agtcctggaa tgaggagttg ctgcaggatg tgtgtgctgg cttggcagag gagctgcacc
     1561 tggcccccga cgcccctggt gggatggtgg aattccggcg caccctcacc ctcagcttct
     1621 tcttcaagtt ctacctgaca gtgcttcaga agctgggcag agcggacctt gagggtatgt
     1681 gtggtaaact ggaccccacc tttgccagcg ccaccctgct ctttcagaag gatcctccag
     1741 ctaacgtcca gcttttccaa gaggtgccca agggtcagtc tgaggaggac atggtgggca
     1801 ggcccatgcc tcacctggca gcagacatgc aggcatccgg ggaggctgtg tactgtgatg
     1861 acattccccg ctatgagaat gagctgtccc tcaggctggt caccagcacg cgggcccatg
     1921 ctaaaatcat gtccatcgac acttcagaag ccaagaaggt gccagggttt gtttgtttcc
     1981 tcacctcaga ggatgtccct ggtagtaaca taactggcat tttcaatgat gaaactgtct
     2041 ttgcgaagga tgaggttact tgtgttgggc acatcattgg tgctgtggtc gctgacaccc
     2101 cagaacatgc acacagagcc gctagagggg tgaaaatcac ctatgaagac cttccagcca
     2161 ttatcacaat ccaggatgct ataaagaaca actcctttta tggccccgag gtaaaaatcg
     2221 agaaaggaga tctcaagaaa ggcttttctg aagctgacaa tgttgtctca ggagaattat
     2281 atattggtgg ccaggagcac ttctatctgg agacccactg caccattgcc gtgccgaaag
     2341 gcgaggcagg cgagatggag ctcttcgtga gcacacagaa caccatgaaa acccagagct
     2401 ttattgcaaa gatgttgggt gttccagaca acagaattgt agtccgagtg aaaagaatgg
     2461 gtggaggctt tggagggaag gagacccgga gcactctgat atccacagca gtggccttgg
     2521 ctgcatacaa gacaggccgc cctgtacgtt gcatgctgga ccgagacgag gacatgctca
     2581 taactggtgg cagacatccc ttcctggcta aatacaaggt gggcttcatg aagactggga
     2641 ctatagtggc actggaggtg gctcacttca gcaatggcgg gaacagtgag gatctctctc
     2701 ggagtataat ggaaagagct gtattccaca tggacaacgc ctataagatc cccaacattc
     2761 gcggcaccgg gaggatttgt aagactaatc tgccctctaa cacagccttc agaggctttg
     2821 ggggtcctca ggggatgcta atcgcagaat actggatgag tgaggtcgct gtcacctgtg
     2881 ggctgcctgc agaggaggta cggaggaaaa acatgtacaa agaaggggac ctgactcact
     2941 tcaaccagaa gctggagggg ttcaccttgc ccaggtgctg ggatgagtgc atagcgagct
     3001 cccagtatca ggctcgcaag atggaagtgg agaaattcaa cagggagaac tgttggaaaa
     3061 agagagggct gtgtataatc ccgactaagt ttggaataag cttcacactt tcttttctga
     3121 accagggggg tgccttggtc cacgtgtaca cggatgggtc ggtgctgctg acacatggag
     3181 gtactgagat gggtcaaggc cttcacacca agatggttca ggtggccagc agagctctga
     3241 aaatccccac ttccaagatc catataacgg agacaagcac taacactgtc cctaacacct
     3301 ctcccacggc tgcctctgcc agcgctgacc tcaatggcca ggccatttat gaagcctgtc
     3361 agaccatact gaaaagactg gagcccttca agaaaaagaa tccctcaggc tcctgggaga
     3421 gctgggtcat ggatgcctac actagtgcag tgagcttgtc tgctactgga ttttataaga
     3481 cacccaacct tggttacagc tttgagacaa actctgggaa ccccttccac tacttcagtt
     3541 atggggtggc ttgctcagaa gtagaaattg actgcttaac aggggaccat aagaatctcc
     3601 gtacagatat cgtcatggat gttggttcca gcttgaatcc tgccattgat atcggacagg
     3661 tagaaggggc atttgtccag ggtcttggtc ttttcaccat ggaggagctg cactactctc
     3721 ccgaggggag cctgcacact cgtggcccca gtacctacaa gatccctgca tttggcagca
     3781 tccccattga gttcagagta tccctgctcc gcgactgccc caacaagagg gccatctatg
     3841 catccaaggc tgtcggcgag ccacctcttt tcctggcttc ttcgatcttc tttgccatca
     3901 aagatgccat ccgcgcagct cgagctcagc acggagacag taacgccaaa cagctcttcc
     3961 agctagacag ccccgccact ccggagaaga tccgaaacgc ttgtgtggat cagttcacca
     4021 ccctgtgtgc cactggaaca ccagaaaact gtaaatcctg gtccgtgagg atctgaaaag
     4081 gaggctcccc agtatggttt tatactacag ccctgattcc tcggaatgtc aagtgcatac
     4141 cgtagtatcc agatttccac acatcccatg gggactcagc aggatggcat tttcaagaaa
     4201 atggacaatt gtgatccaaa tcatgagttg caaacaaacc aataagcaaa cggggagctg
     4261 ctggcccaag tggcagtttt gagtaattct gggtaattct gagtccattt ttgatcacat
     4321 atttgaaatg aggttagcaa gggtttgcat tatgtcccta ctcgccacat ggcctgtgta
     4381 actaagattc tcacacacct cctgacgctg aaaccaacgt ttctctagat ctgcatgctt
     4441 tcttcagaga gcttatatct gccaagccac caagggccgt gttgtaaccg cagctgcaca
     4501 ctcatagtct tcagtggaat agtgtgtgtg tgtgtgtggg ggggggggat taaaacctcc
     4561 aactgccttt acatcataga agacaataaa acatgataat gaatgtgggg ttaaaaaaaa
     4621 aaa
//
