LOCUS       NM_009505               3475 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 18-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Mus musculus vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa),
            transcript variant 2, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_009505
VERSION     NM_009505.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Mus musculus (house mouse)
  ORGANISM  Mus musculus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3475)
  AUTHORS   Waheed-Ullah,Q., Wilsdon,A., Abbad,A., Rochette,S., Bu'Lock,F.,
            Saed,A.A., Hitz,M.P., Brook,J.D. and Loughna,S.
  TITLE     Cyclin-dependent kinase 13 is indispensable for normal mouse heart
            development
  JOURNAL   J Anat (2024) In press
   PUBMED   39556044
  REMARK    Publication Status: Available-Online prior to print
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3475)
  AUTHORS   Sekimoto,A., Takaso,Y., Saruyama,H., Ookawa,M., Yamamoto,M.,
            Toyohara,T., Saigusa,D., Fukuuchi,T., Otsuka,M., Fushiki,Y.,
            Yamakoshi,S., Tanaka,K., Ikeda,T., Tanaka,T., Takahashi,N.,
            Mishima,E. and Sato,E.
  TITLE     Impacts of low birthweight on kidney development and
            intergenerational growth of the offspring
  JOURNAL   iScience 27 (11), 111159 (2024)
   PUBMED   39524353
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3475)
  AUTHORS   Tetik-Elsherbiny,N., Elsherbiny,A., Setya,A., Gahn,J., Tang,Y.,
            Gupta,P., Dou,Y., Serke,H., Wieland,T., Dubrac,A., Heineke,J.,
            Potente,M., Cordero,J., Ola,R. and Dobreva,G.
  TITLE     RNF20-mediated transcriptional pausing and VEGFA splicing
            orchestrate vessel growth
  JOURNAL   Nat Cardiovasc Res 3 (10), 1199-1216 (2024)
   PUBMED   39322771
  REMARK    GeneRIF: RNF20-mediated transcriptional pausing and VEGFA splicing
            orchestrate vessel growth.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3475)
  AUTHORS   Eswarappa,S.M., Potdar,A.A., Koch,W.J., Fan,Y., Vasu,K.,
            Lindner,D., Willard,B., Graham,L.M., DiCorleto,P.E. and Fox,P.L.
  TITLE     Programmed translational readthrough generates antiangiogenic
            VEGF-Ax
  JOURNAL   Cell 157 (7), 1605-1618 (2014)
   PUBMED   24949972
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3475)
  AUTHORS   Bastide,A., Karaa,Z., Bornes,S., Hieblot,C., Lacazette,E., Prats,H.
            and Touriol,C.
  TITLE     An upstream open reading frame within an IRES controls expression
            of a specific VEGF-A isoform
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res 36 (7), 2434-2445 (2008)
   PUBMED   18304943
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3475)
  AUTHORS   Huez,I., Bornes,S., Bresson,D., Creancier,L. and Prats,H.
  TITLE     New vascular endothelial growth factor isoform generated by
            internal ribosome entry site-driven CUG translation initiation
  JOURNAL   Mol Endocrinol 15 (12), 2197-2210 (2001)
   PUBMED   11731620
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3475)
  AUTHORS   Tee,M.K. and Jaffe,R.B.
  TITLE     A precursor form of vascular endothelial growth factor arises by
            initiation from an upstream in-frame CUG codon
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 359 (Pt 1), 219-226 (2001)
   PUBMED   11563986
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3475)
  AUTHORS   Meiron,M., Anunu,R., Scheinman,E.J., Hashmueli,S. and Levi,B.Z.
  TITLE     New isoforms of VEGF are translated from alternative initiation CUG
            codons located in its 5'UTR
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 282 (4), 1053-1060 (2001)
   PUBMED   11352659
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3475)
  AUTHORS   Claffey,K.P., Wilkison,W.O. and Spiegelman,B.M.
  TITLE     Vascular endothelial growth factor. Regulation by cell
            differentiation and activated second messenger pathways
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 267 (23), 16317-16322 (1992)
   PUBMED   1644816
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3475)
  AUTHORS   Breier,G., Albrecht,U., Sterrer,S. and Risau,W.
  TITLE     Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor during embryonic
            angiogenesis and endothelial cell differentiation
  JOURNAL   Development 114 (2), 521-532 (1992)
   PUBMED   1592003
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from BY001490.1, CK626177.1,
            BC061468.1 and AK031905.1.
            
            On Nov 16, 2007 this sequence version replaced NM_009505.3.
            
            Summary: This gene is a member of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor
            family. It encodes a heparin-binding protein, which exists as a
            disulfide-linked homodimer. This growth factor induces
            proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells, and is
            essential for both physiological and pathological angiogenesis.
            Disruption of this gene in mice resulted in abnormal embryonic
            blood vessel formation. This gene is upregulated in many known
            tumors and its expression is correlated with tumor stage and
            progression. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding
            different isoforms have been found for this gene. There is also
            evidence for alternative translation initiation from upstream
            non-AUG (CUG) codons resulting in additional isoforms. A recent
            study showed that a C-terminally extended isoform is produced by
            use of an alternative in-frame translation termination codon via a
            stop codon readthrough mechanism, and that this isoform is
            antiangiogenic. Expression of some isoforms derived from the AUG
            start codon is regulated by a small upstream open reading frame,
            which is located within an internal ribosome entry site.[provided
            by RefSeq, Nov 2015].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an in-frame, internal
            coding exon, compared to variant 1. This variant can initiate
            translation from a non-AUG (CUG) site and also from a downstream,
            in-frame AUG site. The isoform (2) represented in this RefSeq is
            translated from the CUG start codon and it lacks an internal
            segment, compared to isoform 1.
            
            Sequence Note: A non-AUG (CUG) translation initiation codon is
            selected for this RefSeq based on conservation with the human
            ortholog, for which the use of the CUG start codon has been
            demonstrated in the literature, including PMIDs:11352659, 11563986
            and 11731620.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC061468.1, SRR1660821.338789.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMN00849381, SAMN00849382
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            non-AUG initiation codon :: PMID: 11352659, 11563986
            RefSeq Select criteria   :: based on conservation, expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-54                BY001490.1         2-55
            55-653              CK626177.1         40-638
            654-2197            BC061468.1         27-1570
            2198-2404           AK031905.1         425-631
            2405-3475           BC061468.1         1778-2848
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3475
                     /organism="Mus musculus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="C57BL/6"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10090"
                     /chromosome="17"
                     /map="17 22.79 cM"
     gene            1..3475
                     /gene="Vegfa"
                     /gene_synonym="L-VEGF; Vegf; Vpf"
                     /note="vascular endothelial growth factor A"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:22339"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:103178"
     exon            1..1087
                     /gene="Vegfa"
                     /gene_synonym="L-VEGF; Vegf; Vpf"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             488..1594
                     /gene="Vegfa"
                     /gene_synonym="L-VEGF; Vegf; Vpf"
                     /note="isoform 2 is encoded by transcript variant 2;
                     non-AUG (CUG) translation initiation codon; vascular
                     permeability factor; vascular endothelial growth factor A,
                     long form"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form
                     isoform 2"
                     /protein_id="NP_033531.3"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS28818.2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:22339"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:103178"
                     /translation="MTDRQTDTAPSPSAHLLAGGLPTVDAAASREEPKPAPGGGVEGV
                     GARGIARKLFVQLLGSSRSVVAVVCAAGDKPIGAGRSASSGLEKPGPEKRGEEEKEEE
                     RGPQWALGSQEPSSWTGEAAVCADSAPAARAPQAPARASVPEGRGARQGAQESGLPRS
                     PSRRGSASRAGPGRASETMNFLLSWVHWTLALLLYLHHAKWSQAAPTTEGEQKSHEVI
                     KFMDVYQRSYCRPIETLVDIFQEYPDEIEYIFKPSCVPLMRCAGCCNDEALECVPTSE
                     SNITMQIMRIKPHQSQHIGEMSFLQHSRCECRPKKDRTKPENHCEPCSERRKHLFVQD
                     PQTCKCSCKNTDSRCKARQLELNERTCRCDKPRR"
     exon            1088..1136
                     /gene="Vegfa"
                     /gene_synonym="L-VEGF; Vegf; Vpf"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1137..1333
                     /gene="Vegfa"
                     /gene_synonym="L-VEGF; Vegf; Vpf"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1334..1410
                     /gene="Vegfa"
                     /gene_synonym="L-VEGF; Vegf; Vpf"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1411..1440
                     /gene="Vegfa"
                     /gene_synonym="L-VEGF; Vegf; Vpf"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1441..1572
                     /gene="Vegfa"
                     /gene_synonym="L-VEGF; Vegf; Vpf"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1573..3459
                     /gene="Vegfa"
                     /gene_synonym="L-VEGF; Vegf; Vpf"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      3209..3214
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Vegfa"
                     /gene_synonym="L-VEGF; Vegf; Vpf"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAGA"
     polyA_site      3231
                     /gene="Vegfa"
                     /gene_synonym="L-VEGF; Vegf; Vpf"
     regulatory      3433..3438
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Vegfa"
                     /gene_synonym="L-VEGF; Vegf; Vpf"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     polyA_site      3459
                     /gene="Vegfa"
                     /gene_synonym="L-VEGF; Vegf; Vpf"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 agcgcagagg cttggggcag ccgagctgca gcgaggccgc ggcactgggg gcgagctgag
       61 cggcggcagc ggagctctgt cgcgagacgc agcgacaagg cagactattc agcggactca
      121 ccagcccggg agtctgtgct ctgggatttg atattcaaac ctcttaattt ttttttctta
      181 aactgtattg ttttacgctt taatttattt ttgcttccta ttcccctctt aaatcgtgcc
      241 aacggtttga ggaggttggt tcttcactcc ctcaaatcac ttcggattgt ggaaatcagc
      301 agacgaaaga ggtatcaaga gctccagaga gaagtcaagg aagagagaga gagaccggtc
      361 agagagagcg cgctggcgag cgaacagaga gagggacagg ggcaaagtga ctgacctgct
      421 tttgggggtg accgccagag cgcggcgtga gccctccccc ttgggatctt gcatcggacc
      481 agtcgcgctg acggacagac agacagacac cgcccccagc cccagcgccc acctcctcgc
      541 cggcgggctg ccgacggtgg acgcggcggc gagccgcgag gaaccgaagc ccgcgcccgg
      601 aggcggggtg gagggggtcg gggctcgcgg gattgcacgg aaacttttcg tccaacttct
      661 gggctcttct cgctccgtag tagccgtggt ctgcgccgca ggagacaaac cgatcggagc
      721 tgggagaagt gctagctcgg gcctggagaa gccggggccc gagaagagag gggaggaaga
      781 gaaggaagag gagagggggc cgcagtgggc gctcggctct caggagccga gctcatggac
      841 gggtgaggcg gccgtgtgcg cagacagtgc tccagccgcg cgcgcgcccc aggccccggc
      901 ccgggcctcg gttccagaag ggagaggagc ccgccaaggc gcgcaagaga gcgggctgcc
      961 tcgcagtccg agccggagag ggagcgcgag ccgcgccggc cccggacggg cctccgaaac
     1021 catgaacttt ctgctctctt gggtgcactg gaccctggct ttactgctgt acctccacca
     1081 tgccaagtgg tcccaggctg cacccacgac agaaggagag cagaagtccc atgaagtgat
     1141 caagttcatg gatgtctacc agcgaagcta ctgccgtccg attgagaccc tggtggacat
     1201 cttccaggag taccccgacg agatagagta catcttcaag ccgtcctgtg tgccgctgat
     1261 gcgctgtgca ggctgctgta acgatgaagc cctggagtgc gtgcccacgt cagagagcaa
     1321 catcaccatg cagatcatgc ggatcaaacc tcaccaaagc cagcacatag gagagatgag
     1381 cttcctacag cacagcagat gtgaatgcag accaaagaaa gacagaacaa agccagaaaa
     1441 tcactgtgag ccttgttcag agcggagaaa gcatttgttt gtccaagatc cgcagacgtg
     1501 taaatgttcc tgcaaaaaca cagactcgcg ttgcaaggcg aggcagcttg agttaaacga
     1561 acgtacttgc agatgtgaca agccaaggcg gtgagccagg ctgcaggaag gagcctccct
     1621 cagggtttcg ggaaccagac ctctcaccgg aaagaccgat taaccatgtc accaccacgc
     1681 catcatcgtc accgttgaca gaacagtcct taatccagaa agcctgacat gaaggaagag
     1741 gagactcttc gaggagcact ttgggtccgg agggcgagac tccggcagac gcattcccgg
     1801 gcaggtgacc aagcacggtc cctcgtggga ctggattcgc cattttctta tatctgctgc
     1861 taaatcgcca agcccggaag attagggttg tttctgggat tcctgtagac acacccaccc
     1921 acatacacac atatatatat attatatata taaataaata tatatgtttt atatataaaa
     1981 tatatatata ttcttttttt taaattaact ctgctaatgt tattggtgtc ttcactggat
     2041 atgtttgact gctgtggact tgtgttggga ggaggatgtc ctcactcgga tgccgacacg
     2101 ggagacaatg ggatgaaagg cttcagtgtg gtctgagaga ggccgaagtc cttttgcctg
     2161 ccggggagca agcaaggcca gggcacgggg gcacattggc tcacttccag aaacacgaca
     2221 aacccattcc tggccctgag tcaagaggac agagagacag atgatgacag agaaagagat
     2281 aaagatgccg gttccaacca gaagtttggg gagcctcagg acatggcatg ctttgtggat
     2341 ccccatgata gtctacaaaa gcaccccgcc cctctgggca ctgcctggaa gaatcgggag
     2401 cctggccagc cttcagctcg ctcctccact tctgaggggc ctaggaggcc tcccacaggt
     2461 gtcccggcaa gagaagacac ggtggtggaa gaagaggcct ggtaatggcc cctcctcctg
     2521 ggaccccttc gtcctctcct taccccacct cctgggtaca gcccaggagg accttgtgtg
     2581 atcagaccat tgaaaccact aattctgtcc ccaggagact tggctgtgtg tgtgagtggc
     2641 ttacccttcc tcatcttccc ttcccaaggc acagagcaat ggggcaggac ccgcaagccc
     2701 ctcacggagg cagagaaaag agaaagtgtt ttatatacgg tacttattta atagcccttt
     2761 ttaattagaa attaaaacag ttaatttaat taaagagtag ggtttttttc agtattcttg
     2821 gttaatattt aatttcaact atttatgaga tgtatctctc gctctctctt atttgtactt
     2881 gtgtgtgtgt gtgtgtgtgt gtgtgtgtgt gtgtgtgtgt gtgtatgaaa tctgtgtttc
     2941 caatctctct ctcccagatc ggtgacagtc actagcttgt cctgagaaga tatttaattt
     3001 tgctaacact cagctctgcc ctcccttgtc cccaccacac attcctttga aataaggttt
     3061 caatatacat ttacatacta tatatatatt tggcaacttg tgtttgtata taaatatata
     3121 tatatatata tatgtttatg tatatatgtg attctgataa aatagacatt gctattctgt
     3181 tttttatatg taaaaacaaa acaagaaaaa tagagaattc tacatactaa atctctctcc
     3241 ttttttaatt ttaatatttg ttatcattta tttattggtg ctactgttta tccgtaataa
     3301 ttgtggggga aaaagatatt aacatcacgt ctttgtctct agagcagttt tccgagatat
     3361 tccgtagtac atatttattt ttaaacagca acaaagaaat acagatatat cttaaaaaaa
     3421 aaagcatttt gtattaaaga attgaattct gatctcaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaa
//
