LOCUS       NM_001177810            3825 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 30-JUL-2024
DEFINITION  Mus musculus Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 3
            (Rapgef3), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001177810
VERSION     NM_001177810.1
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Mus musculus (house mouse)
  ORGANISM  Mus musculus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3825)
  AUTHORS   Roy,S., Roy,S., Halder,S., Jana,K. and Ukil,A.
  TITLE     Leishmania exploits host cAMP/EPAC/calcineurin signaling to induce
            an IL-33-mediated anti-inflammatory environment for the
            establishment of infection
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 300 (6), 107366 (2024)
   PUBMED   38750790
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Leishmania exploits host cAMP/EPAC/calcineurin signaling
            to induce an IL-33-mediated anti-inflammatory environment for the
            establishment of infection.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3825)
  AUTHORS   Li,Y., Tian,Y., Shi,S., Hou,X., Hao,H., Ma,M., Ning,N., Yuan,Y.,
            Wang,X., Liu,H. and Wang,L.
  TITLE     Epac1 participates in beta1-adrenoreceptor autoantibody-mediated
            decreased autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 1870 (7), 119512 (2023)
   PUBMED   37315585
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Epac1 participates in beta1-adrenoreceptor
            autoantibody-mediated decreased autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3825)
  AUTHORS   Yang,W., Xia,F., Mei,F., Shi,S., Robichaux,W.G. 3rd, Lin,W.,
            Zhang,W., Liu,H. and Cheng,X.
  TITLE     Upregulation of Epac1 Promotes Pericyte Loss by Inducing
            Mitochondrial Fission, Reactive Oxygen Species Production, and
            Apoptosis
  JOURNAL   Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 64 (11), 34 (2023)
   PUBMED   37651112
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Upregulation of Epac1 Promotes Pericyte Loss by Inducing
            Mitochondrial Fission, Reactive Oxygen Species Production, and
            Apoptosis.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3825)
  AUTHORS   Wang,X.T., Zhou,L., Dong,B.B., Xu,F.X., Wang,D.J., Shen,E.W.,
            Cai,X.Y., Wang,Y., Wang,N., Ji,S.J., Chen,W., Schonewille,M.,
            Zhu,J.J., De Zeeuw,C.I. and Shen,Y.
  TITLE     cAMP-EPAC-PKCepsilon-RIM1alpha signaling regulates presynaptic
            long-term potentiation and motor learning
  JOURNAL   Elife 12, e80875 (2023)
   PUBMED   37159499
  REMARK    GeneRIF: cAMP-EPAC-PKCepsilon-RIM1alpha signaling regulates
            presynaptic long-term potentiation and motor learning.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3825)
  AUTHORS   Guillot,B., Boileve,A., Walton,R., Harfoush,A., Conte,C.,
            Sainte-Marie,Y., Charron,S., Bernus,O., Recalde,A., Salle,L.,
            Brette,F. and Lezoualc'h,F.
  TITLE     Inhibition of EPAC1 signaling pathway alters atrial
            electrophysiology and prevents atrial fibrillation
  JOURNAL   Front Physiol 14, 1120336 (2023)
   PUBMED   36909224
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3825)
  AUTHORS   Amano,R., Lee,J., Goto,N. and Harayama,H.
  TITLE     Evidence for existence of cAMP-Epac signaling in the heads of mouse
            epididymal spermatozoa
  JOURNAL   J Reprod Dev 53 (1), 127-133 (2007)
   PUBMED   17077580
  REMARK    GeneRIF: possible co-localization of Epac1 and Rap1 proteins in the
            heads of epididymal spermatozoa
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3825)
  AUTHORS   Misra,U.K. and Pizzo,S.V.
  TITLE     Coordinate regulation of forskolin-induced cellular proliferation
            in macrophages by protein kinase A/cAMP-response element-binding
            protein (CREB) and Epac1-Rap1 signaling: effects of silencing CREB
            gene expression on Akt activation
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 280 (46), 38276-38289 (2005)
   PUBMED   16172130
  REMARK    GeneRIF: forskolin-induced cellular proliferation in macrophages by
            protein kinase A/cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) and
            Epac1-Rap1 signaling
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3825)
  AUTHORS   Weissman,J.T., Ma,J.N., Essex,A., Gao,Y. and Burstein,E.S.
  TITLE     G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated activation of rap GTPases:
            characterization of a novel Galphai regulated pathway
  JOURNAL   Oncogene 23 (1), 241-249 (2004)
   PUBMED   14712229
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3825)
  AUTHORS   Berruti,G.
  TITLE     CAMP activates Rap1 in differentiating mouse male germ cells: a new
            signaling pathway mediated by the cAMP-activated exchange factor
            Epac?
  JOURNAL   Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 49 (3), 381-388 (2003)
   PUBMED   12887090
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Epac is present in spermatogenic cells and exhibits a
            preferential subplasmalemmal localization; data show that cAMP
            activates Rap1 in differentiating male germ cells which express
            Epac, suggesting that this activation might occur directly through
            Epac
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3825)
  AUTHORS   Shimonaka,M., Katagiri,K., Nakayama,T., Fujita,N., Tsuruo,T.,
            Yoshie,O. and Kinashi,T.
  TITLE     Rap1 translates chemokine signals to integrin activation, cell
            polarization, and motility across vascular endothelium under flow
  JOURNAL   J Cell Biol 161 (2), 417-427 (2003)
   PUBMED   12707305
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Rap1 plays a pivotal role in chemokine-induced integrin
            activation and migration. Rap1 was activated by secondary lymphoid
            tissue chemokine (SLC; CCL21) and stromal-derived factor 1 (CXCL4)
            treatment in lymphocytes within seconds.
COMMENT     VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
            preliminary review. The reference sequence was derived from
            CJ051320.1, AK142594.1, AC104225.18 and AK034265.1.
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes isoform (1).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AK142594.1, SRR7974084.23210.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: mixed sample support SAMN00849374,
                                           SAMN00849375 [ECO:0006172]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-108               CJ051320.1         2-109
            109-1701            AK142594.1         3-1595
            1702-1702           AC104225.18        33634-33634
            1703-3639           AK142594.1         1597-3533
            3640-3825           AK034265.1         1980-2165
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3825
                     /organism="Mus musculus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="C57BL/6"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10090"
                     /chromosome="15"
                     /map="15 53.74 cM"
     gene            1..3825
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /note="Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 3"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:223864"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:2441741"
     exon            1..272
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             267..3047
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /note="isoform 1 is encoded by transcript variant 1; Rap1
                     guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor directly activated by
                     cAMP; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3; cAMP-GEFI;
                     cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor I;
                     exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 isoform
                     1"
                     /protein_id="NP_001171281.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS49714.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:223864"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:2441741"
                     /translation="MKVSWPGENHWQVGPAVVESPAVGAPQVGGLPDVVPEGTLLNMV
                     LKRMHRPRCCSYQLVFEHRRPSCIQGLRWTPLTNSEDSLDFRVSLEQATTEHVHKAGK
                     LLHRHLLATYPTLIRDRKYHLRLYRHCCSGRELVDGILALGLGVHSRSQAVGICQVLL
                     DEGALCHVKHDWTFQDRDAQFYRFPGPEPEPTGTQDVEEELVEAMALLSQRGPDALLT
                     VALRKPPGQRTDEELDLIFEELLHIKAVAHLSNSVKRELAAVLLFEPHSKAGTVLFSQ
                     GDKGTSWYIIWKGSVNVVTHGKGLVTTLHEGDDFGQLALVNDAPRAATIILRENNCHF
                     LRVDKQDFNRIIKDVEAKTMRLEEHGKVVLVLERTSQGAGPSRPPTPGRNRYTVMSGT
                     PEKILELLLEAMRPDSSAHDPTETFLSDFLLTHSVFMPSTQLFTALLHHFHVEPADPA
                     GGSEQEHSTYICNKRQQILRLVGRWVALYSPMLHSDPVATSFLQKLSDLVSRDARLSN
                     LLREQYPERRRHHRLENGCGNVSPQTKARNAPVWLPNQEEPLPSSAGAIRVGDKVPYD
                     ICRPDHSVLTLHLPVTASVREVMAALAHEDHWTKGQVLVKVNSAGDVVGLQPDARGVA
                     TSLGLNERLFVVDPQEVHELTPHPEQLGPTLGSSEMLDLVSAKDLAGQLTDHDWNLFN
                     RIHQVELIHYVLGPQHLRDVTTANLERFMRRFNELQYWVATELCLCPVPGSRAQLLRK
                     FIKLAAHLKEQKNLNSFFAVMFGLSNSAISRLAHTWERLPHKVRKLYSALERLLDPSW
                     NHRVYRLALTKLSPPVIPFMPLLLKDVTFIHEGNHTLVENLINFEKMRMMARAVRMLH
                     HCRSHSTAPLSPLRSRVSHIHEDSQGSRISTCSEQSLSTRSPASTWAYVQQLKVIDNQ
                     RELSRLSRELEP"
     exon            273..485
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            486..539
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            540..646
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            647..768
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            769..937
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            938..1022
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1023..1083
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1084..1160
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1161..1307
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1308..1420
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1421..1509
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1510..1588
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1589..1748
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1749..1831
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1832..1871
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1872..1953
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1954..2100
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2101..2198
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2199..2324
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2325..2506
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2507..2597
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2598..2648
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2649..2736
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2737..2801
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2802..2856
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2857..2928
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2929..3825
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      3633..3638
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /note="hexamer: AACAAA"
     polyA_site      3642
                     /gene="Rapgef3"
                     /gene_synonym="2310016P22Rik; 9330170P05Rik; Epac; Epac1"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 gtgccagctg gctcttacat ctgggacgga ggcggaggct tggagttctt agcctttggg
       61 aaggggtggg ggctgcccca cacccccagc cctctattca cccaggacaa accctatctg
      121 cctagccctg catcttgctg ctccaggcaa cctgtctgac taggggctgg cccttcgctg
      181 catctcggga ctcacactca taccgctcca gggatcctgc agcctcttgc tagggcgagc
      241 accgcggtgt gagctggaga agaaacatga aggtcagctg gccaggtgag aaccactggc
      301 aggtgggccc agctgtggtg gagagtccag ctgtgggggc accgcaggtg ggaggtctcc
      361 cggacgtggt tccggagggc acgctgctca atatggtgtt gaagagaatg caccgtcccc
      421 gctgctgctc ttaccagcta gtgttcgagc accggcgccc cagctgcatc cagggactcc
      481 gctggacacc acttaccaac agcgaggact ccctggattt cagagtgagt ctggagcagg
      541 ccaccacaga gcatgtgcac aaggcaggga agctcctgca ccgccatctc ttggccacgt
      601 accctaccct catccgagac agaaaatacc atctgcgact atatcggcat tgctgctctg
      661 gccgggagct agtggatggg atcttggctc tggggcttgg ggtccactca cggagccaag
      721 ccgtgggcat ctgccaagtg ttgctggatg agggtgccct ttgtcatgta aaacatgact
      781 ggaccttcca ggaccgagat gcccaattct acaggttccc tggaccggag cccgagccta
      841 caggaactca agatgtggaa gaggagcttg ttgaggctat ggccctcctg tcccagcgag
      901 ggcctgatgc cctactcacc gtggcgctcc ggaagccccc aggtcagcgt acggatgaag
      961 aactggacct gatctttgaa gagctgctgc atatcaaggc ggtggcacac ctttctaact
     1021 cggtgaagcg ggaactagct gctgttctgc tctttgaacc acacagcaag gcaggaactg
     1081 tgttgttcag ccagggggac aagggtacct cgtggtacat tatctggaag ggatctgtca
     1141 atgtggtgac ccatggcaag gggctggtga ccacgttgca cgagggagat gactttggac
     1201 agctggctct ggtgaacgac gcacctcggg cagccaccat catccttcga gaaaataact
     1261 gtcactttct gcgtgtggac aagcaggact tcaaccgcat catcaaggat gtggaagcaa
     1321 aaaccatgag actggaagaa cacggcaaag tggtcttagt tctggagaga acctctcagg
     1381 gtgctggccc ttcccgtccc ccgaccccag gcaggaaccg gtatacggtc atgtctggca
     1441 ccccagagaa aatcctagaa ctgctgttgg aggctatgag accggattcc agtgctcatg
     1501 acccaacaga gacgttcctc agtgacttcc tgctgaccca cagtgtcttc atgcccagca
     1561 cccagctctt cactgccctc ctgcaccact tccacgtgga gccagcagac cctgctggag
     1621 gcagcgagca ggagcacagc acctacatct gcaacaagag gcagcagatc ctgcggctag
     1681 ttggccgatg ggtggccctg tatagcccga tgctccactc ggatcccgtg gccaccagct
     1741 tcctccagaa actctcagac ctggtgagca gagatgcccg acttagcaac ttgctgaggg
     1801 aacagtatcc agagagacgg cgacaccaca ggttggaaaa tggctgtggg aacgtatctc
     1861 ctcagaccaa ggcccggaat gcacctgttt ggctccctaa ccaggaggaa cccctcccaa
     1921 gcagcgcggg tgccatccga gttggggaca aagtccccta cgacatctgc agacctgacc
     1981 actcagtgct gaccctgcac ctgccggtga cggcctcggt gagagaagtg atggcagctt
     2041 tggcccatga ggaccactgg accaagggac aggtgttggt gaaggtcaat tctgccggtg
     2101 atgtcgttgg cttgcagcca gatgcccgtg gtgtggccac atccctgggg ctcaacgagc
     2161 ggctctttgt tgtcgaccca caggaagtgc atgagctgac cccacaccct gagcagctgg
     2221 gccccactct gggttcttct gagatgctgg acctagtgag cgccaaggac ctggcaggcc
     2281 agctgaccga ccatgactgg aacctcttca acaggatcca ccaggtggag ctgatccatt
     2341 atgtactggg cccccagcac ctgcgggatg tcaccaccgc gaacctggag cgcttcatgc
     2401 gccgcttcaa cgagctgcag tactgggtgg ccacagagct ctgtctctgc cctgttcctg
     2461 gctcccgggc tcagctactc aggaagttca tcaagctggc agcccacctc aaggagcaga
     2521 agaacctcaa ctctttcttt gcggtcatgt ttggcctcag caactcggcc atcagccggc
     2581 tggcccacac ctgggagcgc ctgccccata aagtacggaa gctgtactca gccctggaaa
     2641 ggttgctgga cccttcctgg aaccaccgag tgtaccgatt ggctctcacc aagctctccc
     2701 ctcctgtcat ccccttcatg cccctgctgc tcaaagacgt gaccttcatc catgagggga
     2761 accacacact ggtagagaac ctcatcaact ttgagaagat gcggatgatg gccagagcgg
     2821 tgcggatgct tcaccactgc cgaagtcaca gtaccgcgcc tctatcacca ctcagaagcc
     2881 gagtgtccca catccacgag gacagccagg gatcaaggat ctccacgtgt tctgagcagt
     2941 ccctgagcac ccggagtcca gccagcacct gggcttatgt ccagcagctg aaggtcattg
     3001 acaaccagcg ggaactgtcc cgcctctccc gggagctgga accatgagga aggactggct
     3061 ggagcaggca ctctctccga ggaagccaga gcctgtgcaa ccaagaggtc cagaggccag
     3121 ccacagctgg gcagggctct ccacagagcg gactcaaggc cctggagtgg gcagtgtcgg
     3181 ggcagttgtc cctgtgatga ctgtcagcta tggagatctt tgttcacggc caaggaaagg
     3241 ggggacattg aggccatgcc gtgggtagga gagctgggag gtacaggact ctggatcagt
     3301 agagagccct cccaccgggc cttctgcgca tctgcacgtc tgtacatctg catgtttgca
     3361 agtctgtacg actgtacgtg cagctgtacc atccagtggt cgccaggcct cgtgcttgtt
     3421 ttcactgggg ccagtgagct cacatctgca cagtttgtgt gtgtgtgtgt gtgtgtgtgt
     3481 gtgtgtgtga gagagccctg ggtggggcct tgcctgggag agggtggaga gttctgcttt
     3541 tctctccaca catctgagat aaacagctgg gtgtaggcag ggctgttgcc tagagcggtg
     3601 gtctcagagg agttgtattg tttccataaa ttaacaaaga tacgtgtgtg ttctaccgcc
     3661 tgggtgtgtg gctgggaaag ctggtggagg aggttgctcc ctgggtacag aaaagcagac
     3721 acccaccatc tatctcgggc tgggctccag ggaggctagc ggttgctcag atgggctcca
     3781 gtgttgtccc aggcacttgg gggaccctca gctctctgaa aaaac
//
