LOCUS       NM_018863               2507 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 18-MAR-2025
DEFINITION  Mus musculus prodynorphin (Pdyn), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_018863
VERSION     NM_018863.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Mus musculus (house mouse)
  ORGANISM  Mus musculus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2507)
  AUTHORS   Wang,H., Lou,R., Wang,Y., Hao,L., Wang,Q., Li,R., Su,J., Liu,S.,
            Zhou,X., Gao,X., Hao,Q., Chen,Z., Xu,Y., Wu,C., Zheng,Y., Guo,Q.
            and Bai,L.
  TITLE     Parallel gut-to-brain pathways orchestrate feeding behaviors
  JOURNAL   Nat Neurosci 28 (2), 320-335 (2025)
   PUBMED   39627537
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2507)
  AUTHORS   Yin,G., Duan,K., Dong,D., Du,F., Guo,C., Zhang,C., Liu,X., Sun,Y.,
            Huang,T., Cui,G. and Cheng,L.
  TITLE     Central control of opioid-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and
            tolerance in mice
  JOURNAL   Neuron 112 (23), 3897-3923 (2024)
   PUBMED   39406237
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2507)
  AUTHORS   Babey,M.E., Krause,W.C., Chen,K., Herber,C.B., Torok,Z.,
            Nikkanen,J., Rodriguez,R., Zhang,X., Castro-Navarro,F., Wang,Y.,
            Wheeler,E.E., Villeda,S., Leach,J.K., Lane,N.E., Scheller,E.L.,
            Chan,C.K.F., Ambrosi,T.H. and Ingraham,H.A.
  TITLE     A maternal brain hormone that builds bone
  JOURNAL   Nature 632 (8024), 357-365 (2024)
   PUBMED   38987585
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2507)
  AUTHORS   Wittmann,W., Schunk,E., Rosskothen,I., Gaburro,S., Singewald,N.,
            Herzog,H. and Schwarzer,C.
  TITLE     Prodynorphin-derived peptides are critical modulators of anxiety
            and regulate neurochemistry and corticosterone
  JOURNAL   Neuropsychopharmacology 34 (3), 775-785 (2009)
   PUBMED   18800067
  REMARK    GeneRIF: our data suggest a pronounced impact of endogenous
            prodynorphin-derived peptides on anxiety, but not stress coping
            ability and that these effects are mediated via kappa-opioid
            receptors.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2507)
  AUTHORS   Kuzmin,A., Madjid,N., Terenius,L., Ogren,S.O. and Bakalkin,G.
  TITLE     Big dynorphin, a prodynorphin-derived peptide produces NMDA
            receptor-mediated effects on memory, anxiolytic-like and locomotor
            behavior in mice
  JOURNAL   Neuropsychopharmacology 31 (9), 1928-1937 (2006)
   PUBMED   16292317
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2507)
  AUTHORS   Sharifi,N., Ament,M., Brennan,M.B. and Hochgeschwender,U.
  TITLE     Isolation and characterization of the mouse homolog of the
            preprodynorphin (Pdyn) gene
  JOURNAL   Neuropeptides 33 (3), 236-238 (1999)
   PUBMED   10657497
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2507)
  AUTHORS   Albrecht,U., Sutcliffe,J.S., Cattanach,B.M., Beechey,C.V.,
            Armstrong,D., Eichele,G. and Beaudet,A.L.
  TITLE     Imprinted expression of the murine Angelman syndrome gene, Ube3a,
            in hippocampal and Purkinje neurons
  JOURNAL   Nat Genet 17 (1), 75-78 (1997)
   PUBMED   9288101
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2507)
  AUTHORS   Erwin,V.G., Markel,P.D., Johnson,T.E., Gehle,V.M. and Jones,B.C.
  TITLE     Common quantitative trait loci for alcohol-related behaviors and
            central nervous system neurotensin measures: hypnotic and
            hypothermic effects
  JOURNAL   J Pharmacol Exp Ther 280 (2), 911-918 (1997)
   PUBMED   9023306
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2507)
  AUTHORS   Giros,B., Pohl,M., Rochelle,J.M. and Seldin,M.F.
  TITLE     Chromosomal localization of opioid peptide and receptor genes in
            the mouse
  JOURNAL   Life Sci 56 (18), PL369-PL375 (1995)
   PUBMED   7752808
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2507)
  AUTHORS   Gulya,K., Orpana,A.K., Sikela,J.M. and Hoffman,P.L.
  TITLE     Prodynorphin and vasopressin mRNA levels are differentially
            affected by chronic ethanol ingestion in the mouse
  JOURNAL   Brain Res Mol Brain Res 20 (1-2), 1-8 (1993)
   PUBMED   8255170
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AK133597.1, AL808137.4 and
            BB421226.1.
            
            On Nov 8, 2013 this sequence version replaced NM_018863.3.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically
            cleaved to yield a number of active opium-like peptides. These
            peptides are the endogenous ligands for the Kappa-opioid receptor
            and similar G-protein-coupled receptors and are thought to function
            as the body's natural way to control addiction. These peptides have
            been associated with depression, stress, anxiety, response to pain,
            and maintenance of homeostasis via circadian rhythms and control of
            appetite. Mutations in the related human gene have been linked to
            the neurodegenerative disease spinocerebellar ataxia. Alternative
            splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by
            RefSeq, Nov 2013].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer
            transcript. Both variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein.
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the
            reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the
            transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AK133597.1, AF026537.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMN01164131 [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-1020              AK133597.1         2-1021
            1021-1680           AL808137.4         42342-43001         c
            1681-2491           AK133597.1         1681-2491
            2492-2507           BB421226.1         240-255
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2507
                     /organism="Mus musculus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="C57BL/6"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10090"
                     /chromosome="2"
                     /map="2 63.19 cM"
     gene            1..2507
                     /gene="Pdyn"
                     /gene_synonym="Dyn"
                     /note="prodynorphin"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:18610"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:97535"
     exon            1..231
                     /gene="Pdyn"
                     /gene_synonym="Dyn"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            232..291
                     /gene="Pdyn"
                     /gene_synonym="Dyn"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            292..440
                     /gene="Pdyn"
                     /gene_synonym="Dyn"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             309..1055
                     /gene="Pdyn"
                     /gene_synonym="Dyn"
                     /note="proenkephalin-B; preprodynorphin;
                     beta-neoendorphin-dynorphin; alpha-neoendorphin;
                     leu-enkephalin; big dynorphin; dynorphin A(1-17);
                     dynorphin A(1-13); dynorphin A(1-8); leumorphin;
                     rimorphin"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="proenkephalin-B preproprotein"
                     /protein_id="NP_061351.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS38239.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:18610"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:97535"
                     /translation="MAWSRLMLAACLLVMPSNVMADCLSLCSLCAVRIQDGPRPINPL
                     ICSLECQDLVPPSEEWETCRGFSSFLTLTVSGLRGKDDLEDEVALEEGYSALAKLLEP
                     VLKELEKSRLLTSVPEEKFRGLSSSFGNGKESELAGADRMNDEAAQAGTLHFNEEDLR
                     KQAKRYGGFLRKYPKRSSEMARDEDGGQDGDQVGHEDLYKRYGGFLRRIRPKLKWDNQ
                     KRYGGFLRRQFKVVTRSQENPNTYSEDLDV"
     exon            441..2507
                     /gene="Pdyn"
                     /gene_synonym="Dyn"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      2472..2477
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Pdyn"
                     /gene_synonym="Dyn"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      2487
                     /gene="Pdyn"
                     /gene_synonym="Dyn"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 ctggcagcct gtgctctgtg agcgagcgct gagagggctg agcgacaggg ggagactctc
       61 atctataaaa ggggaataag gctccagaac tgccataggg ggatttggta gccctcgtcg
      121 cttcctctgt ggcacttctc tgagctagag tcagggtacc ttctgaatct tggatcggcc
      181 accctaccac ctgatcagcc agaagcctgc cagggacaaa gcagtaagca ggtcattcat
      241 ccccaggctt tgagatctgc gtgggggagc tcttgaagca gccccagcag gcaaacaagt
      301 gagtcagaat ggcgtggtcc aggctgatgc tggcagcttg cctcctcgtg atgccctcta
      361 atgttatggc ggactgcctg tccctgtgct ccctgtgtgc agtgaggatt caggatgggc
      421 cccgtcccat caaccccctg atttgctccc tggagtgcca ggacctggtg ccgccctcag
      481 aggagtggga gacatgccgg ggcttctcat cttttctcac cctgacggtc tctgggctcc
      541 gtggcaagga tgacttggaa gatgaggttg ctttggaaga aggctacagt gcactagcca
      601 agctcttgga acccgtcctg aaggagctgg agaaaagccg actccttacc agcgtcccag
      661 aggaaaagtt caggggtctc tccagcagct ttggcaacgg aaaagaatct gagctggcgg
      721 gtgctgaccg gatgaatgat gaagccgcac aggcgggcac gctccatttt aatgaggagg
      781 acttgagaaa acaggccaaa cgctatggcg gctttttgcg caaatacccc aagaggagtt
      841 ccgagatggc ccgggatgag gacgggggcc aggatgggga tcaggtaggg catgaggacc
      901 tgtacaaacg ctatgggggc ttcctgcggc gcattcgccc caagctgaag tgggacaacc
      961 agaagcgcta tggtggtttc ctgcggcgtc agttcaaggt ggtgacgcgg tcccaggaga
     1021 accccaatac ctattctgaa gatttagatg tttgatgcat aacacttccc ctccatggag
     1081 ttgggtctgc ccccttcctt gtactagaac cccctgcttc atcctcttgt gcttgttccg
     1141 ctgcttgctc cattcagcac tcccatgaga acgtctaaga gcatcccacc cctgttctgc
     1201 ttgttttcag gcaggggcag ggaagagtgg agatcccctg ccaataggcc cagggtccgg
     1261 ctcaaacccc aagacctcta aactaccact actagtggct ttttgacttc agcgtaaccg
     1321 ctctgtccct gtgatccctg cccatcccag aatccagaga aacttgttct ttattcctat
     1381 acgtctgtgg tttccaaact tcactgaacg tgtgctcctc tcggaagaaa aatgagcact
     1441 tcctggtagt attgcatggg aactgtgaga tatgcagtgt agaaacataa aaccagatac
     1501 atgcaaatga ggatcctaac tatattctca gccacagagg ctcttcttat gcaccctacc
     1561 ctggaggcca caggataaat gaaaagcctt ttcaaggaca gggattataa ccctagagag
     1621 gctgggcctc tagcatgcta attgtctgta cacccagagt cctcatagtt tcaaacgttt
     1681 cctggaaaaa cccagctcct agaccccggt tagggcagta cctttcccaa gggtgaaatc
     1741 cccttgctta tgatgagacg ccatccttct gaaggctgaa gtgataaggg gggagcaaag
     1801 caaactaatt tgttctgtac aacaaattca gaatttgggc cagttcccac agccctcatt
     1861 aaaaccgatc agtatcacac ttctagccca tgaggaactg catcggagtg gagctgatgc
     1921 ggctgggcac agctgtgctc ttcagtagtc gagttggctg cgggagccgg agccatttgg
     1981 ctgagccatt tggcccagcg tatgcactgg cactgggaag gggatccaga agcggtagct
     2041 gaaggagaga ctgtcccgcc tcaaaactac agcaagtctc attctctctg tctccaaata
     2101 aaagcagagg aagaagaaga caactgagtg ttcaggatca agtggattcg ctggattcaa
     2161 gtaacccaga gtcagagaca aggtcctctt tggtttcacc tccccatctc caggcagata
     2221 tttagatgat gagttaacgg gatggggctg gacaggagag gaagcagact ggatttgtat
     2281 atttgcataa gatatcttga gtgtccctct ccacacacag gtcacagcct gtagagccct
     2341 tcatgtgttc tgaaatgtgt agattgtttt acggtgactt gtgtgctgct taaaaatcac
     2401 atttatccaa cctacttggg acatgtgatc cttaataggt ctgtgtagtt tcctgcttct
     2461 ctggtataat aaataaagtt atgcggatgg cttgctgtgt ttgcatg
//
