LOCUS       NM_173866               4981 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 17-DEC-2024
DEFINITION  Mus musculus glutamic pyruvate transaminase (alanine
            aminotransferase) 2 (Gpt2), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_173866
VERSION     NM_173866.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Mus musculus (house mouse)
  ORGANISM  Mus musculus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 4981)
  AUTHORS   Baytas,O., Davidson,S.M., Kauer,J.A. and Morrow,E.M.
  TITLE     Loss of mitochondrial enzyme GPT2 leads to reprogramming of
            synaptic glutamate metabolism
  JOURNAL   Mol Brain 17 (1), 87 (2024)
   PUBMED   39604975
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 4981)
  AUTHORS   Yiew,N.K.H., Vazquez,J.H., Martino,M.R., Kennon-McGill,S.,
            Price,J.R., Allard,F.D., Yee,E.U., Layman,A.J., James,L.P.,
            McCommis,K.S., Finck,B.N. and McGill,M.R.
  TITLE     Hepatic pyruvate and alanine metabolism are critical and
            complementary for maintenance of antioxidant capacity and
            resistance to oxidative insult
  JOURNAL   Mol Metab 77, 101808 (2023)
   PUBMED   37716594
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 4981)
  AUTHORS   Yiew,N.K.H., Deja,S., Ferguson,D., Cho,K., Jarasvaraparn,C.,
            Jacome-Sosa,M., Lutkewitte,A.J., Mukherjee,S., Fu,X., Singer,J.M.,
            Patti,G.J., Burgess,S.C. and Finck,B.N.
  TITLE     Effects of hepatic mitochondrial pyruvate carrier deficiency on de
            novo lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis in mice
  JOURNAL   iScience 26 (11), 108196 (2023)
   PUBMED   37942005
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 4981)
  AUTHORS   Cui,M., Peng,J., Zhou,Y., Wang,X. and Cui,D.
  TITLE     Exosomal GPT2 derived from triple-negative breast cancer cells
            promotes metastasis by activating BTRC
  JOURNAL   Thorac Cancer 14 (21), 2018-2025 (2023)
   PUBMED   37287397
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Exosomal GPT2 derived from triple-negative breast cancer
            cells promotes metastasis by activating BTRC.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 4981)
  AUTHORS   Gehlen-Breitbach,S., Schmid,T., Frob,F., Rodrian,G., Weider,M.,
            Wegner,M. and Golz,L.
  TITLE     The Tip60/Ep400 chromatin remodeling complex impacts basic cellular
            functions in cranial neural crest-derived tissue during early
            orofacial development
  JOURNAL   Int J Oral Sci 15 (1), 16 (2023)
   PUBMED   37024457
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 4981)
  AUTHORS   Baytas,O., Davidson,S.M., DeBerardinis,R.J. and Morrow,E.M.
  TITLE     Mitochondrial enzyme GPT2 regulates metabolic mechanisms required
            for neuron growth and motor function in vivo
  JOURNAL   Hum Mol Genet 31 (4), 587-603 (2022)
   PUBMED   34519342
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Mitochondrial enzyme GPT2 regulates metabolic mechanisms
            required for neuron growth and motor function in vivo.
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 4981)
  AUTHORS   Ouyang,Q., Nakayama,T., Baytas,O., Davidson,S.M., Yang,C.,
            Schmidt,M., Lizarraga,S.B., Mishra,S., Ei-Quessny,M., Niaz,S., Gul
            Butt,M., Imran Murtaza,S., Javed,A., Chaudhry,H.R., Vaughan,D.J.,
            Hill,R.S., Partlow,J.N., Yoo,S.Y., Lam,A.T., Nasir,R.,
            Al-Saffar,M., Barkovich,A.J., Schwede,M., Nagpal,S., Rajab,A.,
            DeBerardinis,R.J., Housman,D.E., Mochida,G.H. and Morrow,E.M.
  TITLE     Mutations in mitochondrial enzyme GPT2 cause metabolic dysfunction
            and neurological disease with developmental and progressive
            features
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113 (38), E5598-E5607 (2016)
   PUBMED   27601654
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The GPT2 gene demonstrates increasing expression in brain
            in the early postnatal period, and GPT2 protein localizes to
            mitochondria. Akin to the human phenotype, Gpt2-null mice exhibit
            reduced brain growth. Through metabolomics and direct isotope
            tracing experiments, we find a number of metabolic abnormalities
            associated with loss of Gpt2
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 4981)
  AUTHORS   Qian,K., Zhong,S., Xie,K., Yu,D., Yang,R. and Gong,D.W.
  TITLE     Hepatic ALT isoenzymes are elevated in gluconeogenic conditions
            including diabetes and suppressed by insulin at the protein level
  JOURNAL   Diabetes Metab Res Rev 31 (6), 562-571 (2015)
   PUBMED   25865565
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Data suggest that Alt2/Gpt2 (but not Alt1/Gpt1) is induced
            in liver of obese mice (male ob/ob mice compared to lean C57BL/6J
            mice).
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 4981)
  AUTHORS   Kuninger,D., Kuzmickas,R., Peng,B., Pintar,J.E. and Rotwein,P.
  TITLE     Gene discovery by microarray: identification of novel genes induced
            during growth factor-mediated muscle cell survival and
            differentiation
  JOURNAL   Genomics 84 (5), 876-889 (2004)
   PUBMED   15475267
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 4981)
  AUTHORS   Jadhao,S.B., Yang,R.Z., Lin,Q., Hu,H., Anania,F.A., Shuldiner,A.R.
            and Gong,D.W.
  TITLE     Murine alanine aminotransferase: cDNA cloning, functional
            expression, and differential gene regulation in mouse fatty liver
  JOURNAL   Hepatology 39 (5), 1297-1302 (2004)
   PUBMED   15122758
  REMARK    Erratum:[Hepatology. 2004 Jul;40(1):269. Jadaho Sanjay B [corrected
            to Jadhao Sanjay B]]
COMMENT     VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
            preliminary review. The reference sequence was derived from
            AC130533.2.
            
            On Jun 15, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_173866.3.
            
            Sequence Note: The RefSeq transcript and protein were derived from
            genomic sequence to make the sequence consistent with the reference
            genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the transcript
            record were based on alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AK082030.1, AK033424.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMN00849374, SAMN00849375
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            gene product(s) localized to mito. :: reported by MitoCarta
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on conservation,
                                                  expression, longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-114               AC130533.2         60879-60992         c
            115-379             AC130533.2         60399-60663         c
            380-469             AC130533.2         50214-50303         c
            470-578             AC130533.2         47881-47989         c
            579-709             AC130533.2         44259-44389         c
            710-953             AC130533.2         41212-41455         c
            954-1033            AC130533.2         37331-37410         c
            1034-1170           AC130533.2         35455-35591         c
            1171-1345           AC130533.2         33946-34120         c
            1346-1501           AC130533.2         32074-32229         c
            1502-1614           AC130533.2         30200-30312         c
            1615-4981           AC130533.2         24666-28032         c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..4981
                     /organism="Mus musculus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="C57BL/6"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10090"
                     /chromosome="8"
                     /map="8 41.61 cM"
     gene            1..4981
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
                     /note="glutamic pyruvate transaminase (alanine
                     aminotransferase) 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:108682"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:1915391"
     exon            1..114
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            115..379
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            380..469
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            470..578
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            579..709
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            710..953
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            954..1033
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1034..1170
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1171..1345
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1346..1501
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1502..1614
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1615..4981
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      3315..3320
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      3344
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
     regulatory      3616..3621
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      3639
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      3655..3660
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      3678
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
     regulatory      3980..3985
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      4002
                     /gene="Gpt2"
                     /gene_synonym="4631422C05Rik; ALT2"
ORIGIN      
        1 agggagccag gaggtgctgg tgccaggcgc caggatgcgg tggccggcca ccgggtttgg
       61 gagcagccca ggctcacctt aaccggagcg gtgcggacgg tcccgcggcg acagggctaa
      121 tctcggcagg ttcgcgatgc agcgggcagc ggtgctggtg cggcggggct cctgcccccg
      181 cgcctcgggc ccctggggcc gtagtcacag cagcgctgca gccgaagcct cggcggcgct
      241 caaggtgcga ccggagcgca gccctcgaga ccgcatcctc accctggagt ccatgaaccc
      301 gcaggtgaag gcggtggagt acgctgtgcg gggacccatc gtgctcaaag ccggcgagat
      361 cgagatggag ctgcagcggg gtatcaaaaa accattcact gaggtaatcc gagccaacat
      421 tggggatgcc catgctatgg gccagcagcc aatcaccttc ctccgtcagg tgatggcact
      481 ctgcacctac ccaaacctac taaacagccc cagcttccca gaagacgcta agaaacgagc
      541 gcggcggatc ctgcaggctt gtggtggaaa cagcttggga tcttacagtg ctagccaagg
      601 cgttaactgt atccgtgaag atgtggcagc ctttatcacc aggagagatg gtgtgcctgc
      661 agacccagac aacatttacc tgactactgg agctagcgac ggtatttcta caatcctgaa
      721 gctcctggtc tccggtggtg gcaagtcacg gaccggcgtg atgattccca tcccccagta
      781 tcccttgtac tccgcggtca tctctgagct cgacgcggtg caggtcaact actatctgga
      841 tgaagagaac tgctgggctt tgaatgtgga cgagctccgg cgggcattgc ggcaagccaa
      901 agaccactgt gaccctaaag ttctctgcat tatcaacccc ggaaacccca caggccaggt
      961 acaaagcaga aagtgcatag aagatgtgat tcactttgcc tgggaagaga agctttttct
     1021 cctggctgat gaggtgtacc aggacaacgt gtactctcca gactgcagat tccactcgtt
     1081 taagaaagtg ctttaccaga tggggcacga gtactccagc aacgtggagc tcgcctcctt
     1141 ccactccacc tccaagggct acatgggcga gtgtggctac agagggggct acatggaggt
     1201 gatcaatttg caccccgaga tcaaaggcca gctggtgaag ctactctcgg ttcgcctctg
     1261 tccgccagtg tcaggacagg ccgccatgga cattgttgtg aatccaccgg aaccaggaga
     1321 ggagtccttt gagcaattca gcagggaaaa agaattcgtc cttggtaatc tggccaaaaa
     1381 agcaaagctg acagaagatc tgtttaacca agtcccaggg atccagtgca accccttgca
     1441 aggagctatg tatgcgttcc ctcggattct catccctgcc aaggccgtgg aggcagctca
     1501 gtcccataaa atggctccag acatgttcta ctgcatgaag ctcctggagg agactggcat
     1561 ctgtgtcgtg cctggcagtg gctttgggca gcgagaaggc acttaccact tcagaatgac
     1621 cattctccct ccggtggata aactgaagac cgtgctccac aaggtgaaag actttcacct
     1681 gaagttcctg gagcagtact catgaggacg cctcaggcac cggagccaga ccctcccaag
     1741 accacccagg ccttcctcaa ggactctgcc tcagacctca gacaggccac caacgctgtt
     1801 catcttcatt tccccaagga gacttctttc tttgtgcctt gatgtttgag agttcttcga
     1861 gcaaacagtg gttttgcaat gtctcacagg ccctgttttt gtttttgttt ttgttttgtt
     1921 ttgttttgtt ctttttttaa atgcaaccaa agtagagtca acctgctcgg cagatgtact
     1981 tggattctct gaatcgctat tctgtttgga gagttccttt gggtcttaag cagccagagt
     2041 acatggaaat gagattatgt cagatctgga gaaacaagca ggtgttggga aatatgtgac
     2101 ttgacatgat aagggctggg aatccagaaa tcaatagtga gatccatgaa atcaaaccct
     2161 gaccagtgtg aaaatgtagc cttttggaca gtaagcctgc aagtctagtg agaactcaga
     2221 gaaagctgac cattctggtc tgaagatagg cagcgcatca caggcaagaa tatcgaagtc
     2281 agtagtagga caggggtcac atcagatacc agctcaaatt gcactagcta tctagaacag
     2341 ttttctccag gtttgcctga gccttgatgc ataccatcgc cctctgctgg tcgcagcaga
     2401 gataagcaag ggctgaaaat ggaggcaatc ctttcccaag gccctgaaag ttgtttttca
     2461 tggtttcaaa ctgaatttgg ctcatttgta actaactgat cacggtgcct ggttacactg
     2521 gctgccaaga aggagcgcat gcaatctgat tcagtgctct cttcacatca gtttcctgcc
     2581 tccctccctc atctgcggac agcatcctat ctcatcaggc ttccctgtgt gtcacaaagt
     2641 agcagccacc aagcaaatat attccttgaa ttagcacacc tgggtgggcc atgtgcgcac
     2701 caaggaaaca ggtgctatag ggagcgccag gccaggcttg tctcttaact gtctcgttct
     2761 tcagtgagag tgggaaagct gtccggagct cccgcgcagg agcctgggta cccacgcagc
     2821 gagtcaaggg agttttcgga gccagagaga gaaagatgtg aaggctgtgg agtaaggctg
     2881 aaaccagcct cctgccctat agtcccacac tgcagggggt gcgactttaa aacagaactt
     2941 caagttgtta acactcacaa gcattgcatt actgtgaagg aagtagccgc atccataaca
     3001 ggatgtgatg gtctacagct tttcctttaa aagctgaaaa ggtaccatgt gtgctcgcta
     3061 ggcatataat ccagatatgc tccagagttc tgagattctt ccatgaaagg ttaactagaa
     3121 gctagaatat ttttttatat ttttgtaaca attggctttt ttcatggggg gaggggagta
     3181 gagggttagt atttatagtc ctaacaagtc caaaaatttt tataagtgtc ttcagattat
     3241 aaataaccct ccaaattttg caatgtttac atgttttttt tttaagatga caaatatgct
     3301 tgatttgctt tttaaataaa agtttagctg ttctaagaga ttaacttcaa gtaggatggc
     3361 tggttatgat agtttggatt ttctacaggt tctgttgcca tgccttttgg gtttcagcat
     3421 cactcgagtc gcagcatgtg ggtggggctg tggaaacctg gccaggctgg acctggtcag
     3481 ccacacctca gagacattgt ttccatttgg atgtgagcag gcgcaggcct gcatgctctt
     3541 tcctacttag catcatcagt tcttccgcct ccttagcatg gttctttgta acagccatgc
     3601 tgggaagctc tgaacaataa aatacttcca gagtggtgac tgagcagctt ggtcaataaa
     3661 aactaaaagt tgcgtggggc tgagtatgat ggcatacact ttaatcctag gactggggag
     3721 gcagaggcag actggtgtct gcgagtttgc gtcctgtctg atttacctaa taagacctag
     3781 tcacgctggg cagtggtggc tcacgccttt aatcctagca cttgggaggc agaggtaggt
     3841 ggatttctga gttcaaggac agtctggtct acagagtgag ttccaggaca gccagggcta
     3901 cacagagaaa ccttgtcttg aaaaacaaaa acaaaaacaa aaaagaccta atcacaacaa
     3961 aactgaaaac aacagaagca ataaatggtt gggtggatgt cactgttgag tggatctgtg
     4021 tatatgtgca tatattttta gtatcttata tattttaaat atgcacaagt ataaatatat
     4081 gtgttcctga acagtacatt tacctaagta tcacaaactt ggttaaccaa cagcttctgc
     4141 ttcttttttt ttttttttgg atattttctt tatttacatt ttaaatgtta tcccctttcc
     4201 cagcccggaa actccctatc cccactctgc ctgcttctat gagggtgctc ccccacccac
     4261 ccactcccgc ctccctgagc tagcattccc ctacactggg gcatcaagct ttcacaggac
     4321 caagggtctt tcctcccatc gatgcccaaa aaggccatcc tctgctacat atgtggctgg
     4381 agccatgggt cactccatct gtcctctttg gttggtggtt tagtctctag gagctctggg
     4441 gagggggcgg ggatgttggt tggttggtat tgttgttctt cctatggggt tgcaaacccc
     4501 ttcagctccc ccagtccttt aactcctcta ctggggtccc agcttctgct tcttagggtt
     4561 tgaccctaaa gacagggagt tgcttagttg gagaaacttt ggaggtcttt tgtttctgtt
     4621 tttgttttga gagccttgct ctctggctgc ctagtatgct agtacatctg taccccaggc
     4681 tgactttaaa ctactgtgta gtctaaggct gaccttgaac tcctgaggct cttgccttta
     4741 cagtctacac tgggattgtg ccaccattcc tggctctaac aagttgttaa aactaatgtg
     4801 gacttttgct ttctgctggc agtaaagtaa gaagagatta aggccggaga ggtggggaca
     4861 ggagctggag aagcgatggg ttgggttgtg ctatacgaca ttgtattgat cttacccagg
     4921 tttcccagtt cacatttgtc ttggaatatg gctttcaaat ttaaaattgt ttttaaaata
     4981 t
//
