LOCUS       NM_001330687            1381 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 26-NOV-2024
DEFINITION  Mus musculus growth differentiation factor 15 (Gdf15), transcript
            variant 2, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001330687
VERSION     NM_001330687.1
KEYWORDS    RefSeq.
SOURCE      Mus musculus (house mouse)
  ORGANISM  Mus musculus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1381)
  AUTHORS   Igual-Gil,C., Bishop,C.A., Jahnert,M., Johann,K., Coleman,V.,
            Baum,V., Kruse,M., Pfeiffer,A.F.H., Pivovarova-Ramich,O., Ost,M.,
            Kleinert,M. and Klaus,S.
  TITLE     GDF15 is required for maintaining subcutaneous adipose tissue lipid
            metabolic signature
  JOURNAL   Sci Rep 14 (1), 26989 (2024)
   PUBMED   39505926
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1381)
  AUTHORS   Li,X., Sun,H., Zhang,L., Liang,H., Zhang,B., Yang,J., Peng,X.,
            Sun,J., Zhou,Y., Zhai,M., Jiang,L., Zhu,H. and Duan,W.
  TITLE     GDF15 attenuates sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by
            inhibiting cardiomyocytes ferroptosis via the SOCS1/GPX4 signaling
            pathway
  JOURNAL   Eur J Pharmacol 982, 176894 (2024)
   PUBMED   39147013
  REMARK    GeneRIF: GDF15 attenuates sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by
            inhibiting cardiomyocytes ferroptosis via the SOCS1/GPX4 signaling
            pathway.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1381)
  AUTHORS   Li,W., He,S., Tan,J., Li,N., Zhao,C., Wang,X., Zhang,Z., Liu,J.,
            Huang,J., Li,X., Zhou,Q., Hu,K., Yang,P. and Hou,S.
  TITLE     Transcription factor EGR2 alleviates autoimmune uveitis via
            activation of GDF15 to modulate the retinal microglial phenotype
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 121 (39), e2316161121 (2024)
   PUBMED   39298490
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Transcription factor EGR2 alleviates autoimmune uveitis
            via activation of GDF15 to modulate the retinal microglial
            phenotype.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1381)
  AUTHORS   Labour,A., Lac,M., Frassin,L., Lair,B., Murphy,E., Maslo,C.,
            Monbrun,L., Calmy,M.L., Marques,M., Viguerie,N., Tavernier,G.,
            Gourdy,P., O'Gorman,D., Montastier,E., Laurens,C., Montagner,A. and
            Moro,C.
  TITLE     GDF15 is dispensable for the insulin-sensitizing effects of chronic
            exercise
  JOURNAL   Cell Rep 43 (8), 114577 (2024)
   PUBMED   39096490
  REMARK    GeneRIF: GDF15 is dispensable for the insulin-sensitizing effects
            of chronic exercise.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1381)
  AUTHORS   L'homme,L., Sermikli,B.P., Haas,J.T., Fleury,S., Quemener,S.,
            Guinot,V., Barreby,E., Esser,N., Caiazzo,R., Verkindt,H.,
            Legendre,B., Raverdy,V., Cheval,L., Paquot,N., Piette,J.,
            Legrand-Poels,S., Aouadi,M., Pattou,F., Staels,B. and Dombrowicz,D.
  TITLE     Adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and hepatocyte stress
            increase GDF-15 throughout development of obesity to MASH
  JOURNAL   Nat Commun 15 (1), 7173 (2024)
   PUBMED   39169003
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and hepatocyte
            stress increase GDF-15 throughout development of obesity to MASH.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1381)
  AUTHORS   Zimmers,T.A., Jin,X., Hsiao,E.C., McGrath,S.A., Esquela,A.F. and
            Koniaris,L.G.
  TITLE     Growth differentiation factor-15/macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1
            induction after kidney and lung injury
  JOURNAL   Shock 23 (6), 543-548 (2005)
   PUBMED   15897808
  REMARK    GeneRIF: GDF-15/MIC-1 is an early mediator of the injury response
            in kidney and lung
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1381)
  AUTHORS   Oxburgh,L., Chu,G.C., Michael,S.K. and Robertson,E.J.
  TITLE     TGFbeta superfamily signals are required for morphogenesis of the
            kidney mesenchyme progenitor population
  JOURNAL   Development 131 (18), 4593-4605 (2004)
   PUBMED   15342483
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1381)
  AUTHORS   Subramaniam,S., Strelau,J. and Unsicker,K.
  TITLE     Growth differentiation factor-15 prevents low potassium-induced
            cell death of cerebellar granule neurons by differential regulation
            of Akt and ERK pathways
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 278 (11), 8904-8912 (2003)
   PUBMED   12514175
  REMARK    GeneRIF: GDF-15 prevents apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons by
            activating Akt and inhibiting endogenously active ERK
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1381)
  AUTHORS   Hsiao,E.C., Koniaris,L.G., Zimmers-Koniaris,T., Sebald,S.M.,
            Huynh,T.V. and Lee,S.J.
  TITLE     Characterization of growth-differentiation factor 15, a
            transforming growth factor beta superfamily member induced
            following liver injury
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell Biol 20 (10), 3742-3751 (2000)
   PUBMED   10779363
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1381)
  AUTHORS   Bottner,M., Laaff,M., Schechinger,B., Rappold,G., Unsicker,K. and
            Suter-Crazzolara,C.
  TITLE     Characterization of the rat, mouse, and human genes of
            growth/differentiation factor-15/macrophage inhibiting cytokine-1
            (GDF-15/MIC-1)
  JOURNAL   Gene 237 (1), 105-111 (1999)
   PUBMED   10524241
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC157774.5 and AK159242.1.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta
            (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands
            of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to
            recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors
            that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is
            proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the
            disulfide-linked homodimer. The protein is expressed in a broad
            range of cell types, acts as a pleiotropic cytokine and is involved
            in the stress response program of cells after cellular injury.
            Increased protein levels are associated with disease states such as
            tissue hypoxia, inflammation, acute injury and oxidative stress.
            Mice lacking a functional copy of this gene exhibit progressive
            loss of motor neurons, and more rapid blood clot formation.
            [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016].
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the
            reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the
            transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AK144199.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMN01164140, SAMN01164143
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-307               AC157774.5         15444-15750
            308-1380            AK159242.1         13-1085
            1381-1381           AC157774.5         18507-18507
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1381
                     /organism="Mus musculus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="C57BL/6"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10090"
                     /chromosome="8"
                     /map="8 34.15 cM"
     gene            1..1381
                     /gene="Gdf15"
                     /gene_synonym="MIC-1; NAG-1; SBF"
                     /note="growth differentiation factor 15"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:23886"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:1346047"
     exon            1..307
                     /gene="Gdf15"
                     /gene_synonym="MIC-1; NAG-1; SBF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            308..599
                     /gene="Gdf15"
                     /gene_synonym="MIC-1; NAG-1; SBF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             320..1231
                     /gene="Gdf15"
                     /gene_synonym="MIC-1; NAG-1; SBF"
                     /note="macrophage inhibiting cytokine-1; macrophage
                     inhibitory cytokine 1"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="growth/differentiation factor 15 preproprotein"
                     /protein_id="NP_001317616.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS22376.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:23886"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:1346047"
                     /translation="MAPPALQAQPPGGSQLRFLLFLLLLLLLLSWPSQGDALAMPEQR
                     PSGPESQLNADELRGRFQDLLSRLHANQSREDSNSEPSPDPAVRILSPEVRLGSHGQL
                     LLRVNRASLSQGLPEAYRVHRALLLLTPTARPWDITRPLKRALSLRGPRAPALRLRLT
                     PPPDLAMLPSGGTQLELRLRVAAGRGRRSAHAHPRDSCPLGPGRCCHLETVQATLEDL
                     GWSDWVLSPRQLQLSMCVGECPHLYRSANTHAQIKARLHGLQPDKVPAPCCVPSSYTP
                     VVLMHRTDSGVSLQTYDDLVARGCHCA"
     exon            600..1381
                     /gene="Gdf15"
                     /gene_synonym="MIC-1; NAG-1; SBF"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1359..1364
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Gdf15"
                     /gene_synonym="MIC-1; NAG-1; SBF"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      1381
                     /gene="Gdf15"
                     /gene_synonym="MIC-1; NAG-1; SBF"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 cttgatgaca cctggtgccc ctccttgctc actcctgtct tccccagagg ccctaactac
       61 agccactacc ctttcagggc ccaggctgac cgtggatggg gctcctggca ccttcatcct
      121 cctcctccat cttctatctg agcctgagac gaactgccca ccccctccag ccacctgccg
      181 cctcctgttt ggaaggaggc ccgcagcaga tttcctcttc cctccattcc caagaggaac
      241 ccctggtctg gggatactga ggcaggcaca gggcagggca cgtgtgagca tccagtcatc
      301 ctgaaaggac acaagcgaca tggccccgcc cgcgctccag gcccagcctc caggcggctc
      361 tcaactgagg ttcctgctgt tcctgctgct gttgctgctg ctgctgtcat ggccatcgca
      421 gggggacgcc ctggcaatgc ctgaacagcg accctccggc cctgagtccc aactcaacgc
      481 cgacgagcta cggggtcgct tccaggacct gctgagccgg ctgcatgcca accagagccg
      541 agaggactcg aactcagaac caagtcctga cccagctgtc cggatactca gtccagaggt
      601 gagattgggg tcccacggcc agctgctact ccgcgtcaac cgggcgtcgc tgagtcaggg
      661 tctccccgaa gcctaccgcg tgcaccgagc gctgctcctg ctgacgccga cggcccgccc
      721 ctgggacatc actaggcccc tgaagcgtgc gctcagcctc cggggacccc gtgctcccgc
      781 attacgcctg cgcctgacgc cgcctccgga cctggctatg ctgccctctg gcggcacgca
      841 gctggaactg cgcttacggg tagccgccgg cagggggcgc cgaagcgcgc atgcgcaccc
      901 aagagactcg tgcccactgg gtccggggcg ctgctgtcac ttggagactg tgcaggcaac
      961 tcttgaagac ttgggctgga gcgactgggt gctgtccccg cgccagctgc agctgagcat
     1021 gtgcgtgggc gagtgtcccc acctgtatcg ctccgcgaac acgcatgcgc agatcaaagc
     1081 acgcctgcat ggcctgcagc ctgacaaggt gcctgccccg tgctgtgtcc cctccagcta
     1141 caccccggtg gttcttatgc acaggacaga cagtggtgtg tcactgcaga cttatgatga
     1201 cctggtggcc cggggctgcc actgcgcttg agcaccgggc cctgctcctc acctacactc
     1261 cccttcaagg atgctattta tatttgtatt tattaatatt attaatttat tggggtcggg
     1321 ctgggtggat ggattgtgta tttatttaaa actctgctaa taaaggtgag cttggtttct
     1381 a
//
