LOCUS       NM_008100               1112 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 18-MAR-2025
DEFINITION  Mus musculus glucagon (Gcg), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_008100
VERSION     NM_008100.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Mus musculus (house mouse)
  ORGANISM  Mus musculus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1112)
  AUTHORS   Wang,H., Lou,R., Wang,Y., Hao,L., Wang,Q., Li,R., Su,J., Liu,S.,
            Zhou,X., Gao,X., Hao,Q., Chen,Z., Xu,Y., Wu,C., Zheng,Y., Guo,Q.
            and Bai,L.
  TITLE     Parallel gut-to-brain pathways orchestrate feeding behaviors
  JOURNAL   Nat Neurosci 28 (2), 320-335 (2025)
   PUBMED   39627537
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1112)
  AUTHORS   Lin,H.H., Yu,I.S., Cheng,M.S., Chang,T.J., Lin,H.Y., Chang,Y.C.,
            Ko,C.J., Chen,P.H., Lin,S.W., Huang,T.C., Huang,S.Y., Chen,T.Y.,
            Kan,K.W., Huang,H.P. and Lee,M.S.
  TITLE     Spint1 disruption in mouse pancreas leads to glucose intolerance
            and impaired insulin production involving HEPSIN/MAFA
  JOURNAL   Nat Commun 15 (1), 10537 (2024)
   PUBMED   39627229
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1112)
  AUTHORS   Li,Y., Zheng,R., Jiang,L., Yan,C., Liu,R., Chen,L., Jin,W., Luo,Y.,
            Zhang,X., Tang,J., Dai,Z. and Jiang,W.
  TITLE     A noncoding variant confers pancreatic differentiation defect and
            contributes to diabetes susceptibility by recruiting RXRA
  JOURNAL   Nat Commun 15 (1), 9771 (2024)
   PUBMED   39532884
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1112)
  AUTHORS   Kadhim,A.Z., Vanderkruk,B., Mar,S., Dan,M., Zosel,K., Xu,E.E.,
            Spencer,R.J., Sasaki,S., Cheng,X., Sproul,S.L.J., Speckmann,T.,
            Nian,C., Cullen,R., Shi,R., Luciani,D.S., Hoffman,B.G., Taubert,S.
            and Lynn,F.C.
  TITLE     Transcriptional coactivator MED15 is required for beta cell
            maturation
  JOURNAL   Nat Commun 15 (1), 8711 (2024)
   PUBMED   39379383
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1112)
  AUTHORS   Montaner,M., Denom,J., Simon,V., Jiang,W., Holt,M.K.,
            Brierley,D.I., Rouch,C., Foppen,E., Kassis,N., Jarriault,D.,
            Khan,D., Eygret,L., Mifsud,F., Hodson,D.J., Broichhagen,J., Van
            Oudenhove,L., Fioramonti,X., Gault,V., Cota,D., Reimann,F.,
            Gribble,F.M., Migrenne-Li,S., Trapp,S., Gurden,H. and Magnan,C.
  TITLE     A neuronal circuit driven by GLP-1 in the olfactory bulb regulates
            insulin secretion
  JOURNAL   Nat Commun 15 (1), 6941 (2024)
   PUBMED   39138162
  REMARK    GeneRIF: A neuronal circuit driven by GLP-1 in the olfactory bulb
            regulates insulin secretion.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1112)
  AUTHORS   Watson,M.L., Rao,J.K., Gilkeson,G.S., Ruiz,P., Eicher,E.M.,
            Pisetsky,D.S., Matsuzawa,A., Rochelle,J.M. and Seldin,M.F.
  TITLE     Genetic analysis of MRL-lpr mice: relationship of the Fas apoptosis
            gene to disease manifestations and renal disease-modifying loci
  JOURNAL   J Exp Med 176 (6), 1645-1656 (1992)
   PUBMED   1460423
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1112)
  AUTHORS   Rochelle,J.M., Watson,M.L., Oakey,R.J. and Seldin,M.F.
  TITLE     A linkage map of mouse chromosome 19: definition of comparative
            mapping relationships with human chromosomes 10 and 11 including
            the MEN1 locus
  JOURNAL   Genomics 14 (1), 26-31 (1992)
   PUBMED   1358795
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1112)
  AUTHORS   Lee,Y.C., Asa,S.L. and Drucker,D.J.
  TITLE     Glucagon gene 5'-flanking sequences direct expression of simian
            virus 40 large T antigen to the intestine, producing carcinoma of
            the large bowel in transgenic mice
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 267 (15), 10705-10708 (1992)
   PUBMED   1587847
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1112)
  AUTHORS   Laherty,C.D., O'Rourke,K., Wolf,F.W., Katz,R., Seldin,M.F. and
            Dixit,V.M.
  TITLE     Characterization of mouse thrombospondin 2 sequence and expression
            during cell growth and development
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 267 (5), 3274-3281 (1992)
   PUBMED   1371115
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1112)
  AUTHORS   Gittes,G.K. and Rutter,W.J.
  TITLE     Onset of cell-specific gene expression in the developing mouse
            pancreas
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89 (3), 1128-1132 (1992)
   PUBMED   1371010
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AL928576.9 and AK148544.1.
            
            On Apr 8, 2015 this sequence version replaced NM_008100.3.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes glucagon, a pancreatic hormone that
            counteracts the action of insulin in the bloodstream. The encoded
            protein is processed to generate glucagon and two other
            glucagon-like peptides, GLP1 and GLP2. Glucagon stimulates
            gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis and lipolysis. GLP1 induces
            secretion of insulin, suppresses glucagon secretion and inhibits
            feeding. GLP2 induces intestinal absorption of glucose by
            stimulating the growth of intestinal cells and preventing
            apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AF276754.1, AK148544.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMN00849380, SAMN00849389
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-5                 AL928576.9         91469-91473         c
            6-1112              AK148544.1         1-1107
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1112
                     /organism="Mus musculus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="C57BL/6"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10090"
                     /chromosome="2"
                     /map="2 35.85 cM"
     gene            1..1112
                     /gene="Gcg"
                     /gene_synonym="GLP-1; Glu; PPG"
                     /note="glucagon"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:14526"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:95674"
     exon            1..88
                     /gene="Gcg"
                     /gene_synonym="GLP-1; Glu; PPG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            89..192
                     /gene="Gcg"
                     /gene_synonym="GLP-1; Glu; PPG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             101..643
                     /gene="Gcg"
                     /gene_synonym="GLP-1; Glu; PPG"
                     /note="glucagon-like peptide I; pro-glucagon"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="pro-glucagon preproprotein"
                     /protein_id="NP_032126.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS16066.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:14526"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:95674"
                     /translation="MKTIYFVAGLLIMLVQGSWQHALQDTEENPRSFPASQTEAHEDP
                     DEMNEDKRHSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNTKRNRNNIAKRHDEFERHAEGT
                     FTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGRGRRDFPEEVAIAEELGRRHADGSFSDEMSTILD
                     NLATRDFINWLIQTKITDKK"
     exon            193..354
                     /gene="Gcg"
                     /gene_synonym="GLP-1; Glu; PPG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            355..492
                     /gene="Gcg"
                     /gene_synonym="GLP-1; Glu; PPG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            493..636
                     /gene="Gcg"
                     /gene_synonym="GLP-1; Glu; PPG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            637..1091
                     /gene="Gcg"
                     /gene_synonym="GLP-1; Glu; PPG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1069..1074
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Gcg"
                     /gene_synonym="GLP-1; Glu; PPG"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      1091
                     /gene="Gcg"
                     /gene_synonym="GLP-1; Glu; PPG"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 agaagggcag agcttgggcc caggacacac tcaaagttcc caaggggact ccctctgtct
       61 acacctgttc gcagctcagg ctcacaaggc agaaaaaaaa atgaagacca tttactttgt
      121 ggctggattg cttataatgc tggtgcaagg cagctggcag cacgcccttc aagacacaga
      181 ggagaacccc agatcattcc cagcttccca gacagaagcg catgaggacc ctgatgagat
      241 gaatgaagac aaacgccact cacagggcac attcaccagc gactacagca aatacctgga
      301 ctcccgccgt gcccaagatt ttgtgcagtg gttgatgaac accaagagga accggaacaa
      361 cattgccaaa cgtcatgatg aatttgagag gcatgctgaa gggaccttta ccagtgatgt
      421 gagttcttac ttggagggcc aggcagcaaa ggaattcatt gcttggctgg tgaaaggccg
      481 aggaaggcga gacttcccag aagaagtcgc cattgccgag gaactcggcc gcaggcacgc
      541 tgatggctcc ttctctgacg agatgagcac cattctggat aatcttgcca ccagggactt
      601 catcaactgg ctgattcaaa ccaagatcac tgacaagaaa taggtatttc accattcaca
      661 accatcttca caacatctcg tgccagtcac ttgggatgta caatttcaaa gctatatcct
      721 gaagctatat tgctttgcat gcagatgaat acatttccct ctagcattgt gtaacccaac
      781 gattgtatat gaattaaagt atttccagga tgttgataaa aataacaact ttacagtatg
      841 aaaattctgg attctcatat ttttttctcc tcattttaaa gtcccccccc ccccgagatt
      901 atttttctgt gatataaatt gtaaattatc gcagtcacaa cacctggatt atactaacag
      961 aagacatgac cacctggtaa ccgtagtggt aaacctggaa agagaacttc ttccttgaat
     1021 cctttaccat aaatgcactc agcttttgat gtatcaagaa tagatttaaa taaatatttc
     1081 attctttgtt aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aa
//
