LOCUS       NM_015744               3257 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 09-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Mus musculus ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2
            (Enpp2), transcript variant 2, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_015744
VERSION     NM_015744.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Mus musculus (house mouse)
  ORGANISM  Mus musculus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3257)
  AUTHORS   Dacheux,M.A., Norman,D.D., Shin,Y., Tigyi,G.J. and Lee,S.C.
  TITLE     Deleting autotaxin in LysM+ myeloid cells impairs innate tumor
            immunity in models of metastatic melanoma
  JOURNAL   iScience 27 (10), 110971 (2024)
   PUBMED   39398245
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3257)
  AUTHORS   Cesari,E., Farini,D., Medici,V., Ehrmann,I., Guerra,M., Testa,E.,
            Naro,C., Geloso,M.C., Pagliarini,V., La Barbera,L., D'Amelio,M.,
            Orsini,T., Vecchioli,S.F., Tamagnone,L., Fort,P., Viscomi,M.T.,
            Elliott,D.J. and Sette,C.
  TITLE     Differential expression of paralog RNA binding proteins establishes
            a dynamic splicing program required for normal cerebral cortex
            development
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res 52 (8), 4167-4184 (2024)
   PUBMED   38324473
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3257)
  AUTHORS   Petersen-Cherubini,C.L., Liu,Y., Deffenbaugh,J.L., Murphy,S.P.,
            Xin,M., Rau,C.N., Yang,Y. and Lovett-Racke,A.E.
  TITLE     Dysregulated autotaxin expression by T cells in multiple sclerosis
  JOURNAL   J Neuroimmunol 387, 578282 (2024)
   PUBMED   38183947
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Dysregulated autotaxin expression by T cells in multiple
            sclerosis.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3257)
  AUTHORS   Petersen-Cherubini,C.L., Murphy,S.P., Xin,M., Liu,Y.,
            Deffenbaugh,J.L., Jahan,I., Rau,C.N., Yang,Y. and Lovett-Racke,A.E.
  TITLE     Autotaxin in encephalitogenic CD4 T cells as a therapeutic target
            for multiple sclerosis
  JOURNAL   Eur J Immunol 54 (1), e2350561 (2024)
   PUBMED   37850588
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Autotaxin in encephalitogenic CD4 T cells as a therapeutic
            target for multiple sclerosis.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3257)
  AUTHORS   Giganti,A., Rodriguez,M., Fould,B., Moulharat,N., Coge,F.,
            Chomarat,P., Galizzi,J.P., Valet,P., Saulnier-Blache,J.S.,
            Boutin,J.A. and Ferry,G.
  TITLE     Murine and human autotaxin alpha, beta, and gamma isoforms: gene
            organization, tissue distribution, and biochemical characterization
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 283 (12), 7776-7789 (2008)
   PUBMED   18175805
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Murine and human autotaxin alpha, beta, and gamma
            isoforms: gene organization, tissue distribution, and biochemical
            characterization.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3257)
  AUTHORS   Koike,S., Keino-Masu,K., Ohto,T. and Masu,M.
  TITLE     The N-terminal hydrophobic sequence of autotaxin (ENPP2) functions
            as a signal peptide
  JOURNAL   Genes Cells 11 (2), 133-142 (2006)
   PUBMED   16436050
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3257)
  AUTHORS   Jansen,S., Stefan,C., Creemers,J.W., Waelkens,E., Van Eynde,A.,
            Stalmans,W. and Bollen,M.
  TITLE     Proteolytic maturation and activation of autotaxin (NPP2), a
            secreted metastasis-enhancing lysophospholipase D
  JOURNAL   J Cell Sci 118 (Pt 14), 3081-3089 (2005)
   PUBMED   15985467
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3257)
  AUTHORS   Bachner,D., Ahrens,M., Betat,N., Schroder,D. and Gross,G.
  TITLE     Developmental expression analysis of murine autotaxin (ATX)
  JOURNAL   Mech Dev 84 (1-2), 121-125 (1999)
   PUBMED   10473125
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3257)
  AUTHORS   Bachner,D., Ahrens,M., Schroder,D., Hoffmann,A., Lauber,J.,
            Betat,N., Steinert,P., Flohe,L. and Gross,G.
  TITLE     Bmp-2 downstream targets in mesenchymal development identified by
            subtractive cloning from recombinant mesenchymal progenitors
            (C3H10T1/2)
  JOURNAL   Dev Dyn 213 (4), 398-411 (1998)
   PUBMED   9853961
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3257)
  AUTHORS   Narita,M., Goji,J., Nakamura,H. and Sano,K.
  TITLE     Molecular cloning, expression, and localization of a brain-specific
            phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase (PD-I alpha) from
            rat brain
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 269 (45), 28235-28242 (1994)
   PUBMED   7961762
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from BY123373.1, AK161144.1 and
            CD741437.1.
            
            On Sep 15, 2015 this sequence version replaced NM_015744.3.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a member of the phosphodiesterase and
            nucleotide pyrophosphatase family of bifunctional enzymes that
            hydrolize phosphodiester bonds of various nucleotides. The encoded
            protein undergoes proteolytic processing to generate a mature
            protein with lysophospholipase D activity, catalyzing the cleavage
            of the choline group from lysophosphatidylcholine to produce
            lysophosphatidic acid. This gene is expressed in numerous tissues
            and participates in neural development, obesity, inflammation and
            oncogenesis. A complete lack of the encoded protein in mice results
            in aberrant vascular and neuronal development leading to embryonic
            lethality. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript
            variants encoding different isoforms that may undergo similar
            processing to generate the mature protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep
            2015].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (2, also known as beta) lacks an
            in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1.
            The encoded isoform (2) is shorter, compared to isoform 1.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AF123542.1, SRR1660811.112.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMN00849381, SAMN01164131
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-266               BY123373.1         1-266
            267-2880            AK161144.1         140-2753
            2881-3257           CD741437.1         1-377               c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3257
                     /organism="Mus musculus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="C57BL/6"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10090"
                     /chromosome="15"
                     /map="15 21.6 cM"
     gene            1..3257
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /note="ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:18606"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:1321390"
     exon            1..218
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             186..2774
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /EC_number="3.1.4.4"
                     /EC_number="3.1.4.39"
                     /note="isoform 2 preproprotein is encoded by transcript
                     variant 2; ectonucleotide
                     pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2;
                     autotaxin; extracellular lysophospholipase D;
                     phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 2"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="autotaxin isoform 2 preproprotein"
                     /protein_id="NP_056559.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS27472.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:18606"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:1321390"
                     /translation="MARQGCFGSYQVISLFTFAIGVNLCLGFTASRIKRAEWDEGPPT
                     VLSDSPWTNTSGSCKGRCFELQEVGPPDCRCDNLCKSYSSCCHDFDELCLKTARGWEC
                     TKDRCGEVRNEENACHCSEDCLSRGDCCTNYQVVCKGESHWVDDDCEEIRVPECPAGF
                     VRPPLIIFSVDGFRASYMKKGSKVMPNIEKLRSCGTHAPYMRPVYPTKTFPNLYTLAT
                     GLYPESHGIVGNSMYDPVFDATFHLRGREKFNHRWWGGQPLWITATKQGVRAGTFFWS
                     VSIPHERRILTILQWLSLPDNERPSVYAFYSEQPDFSGHKYGPFGPEMTNPLREIDKT
                     VGQLMDGLKQLKLHRCVNVIFVGDHGMEDVTCDRTEFLSNYLTNVDDITLVPGTLGRI
                     RPKIPNNLKYDPKAIIANLTCKKPDQHFKPYMKQHLPKRLHYANNRRIEDLHLLVERR
                     WHVARKPLDVYKKPSGKCFFQGDHGFDNKVNSMQTVFVGYGPTFKYRTKVPPFENIEL
                     YNVMCDLLGLKPAPNNGTHGSLNHLLRTNTFRPTLPEEVSRPNYPGIMYLQSDFDLGC
                     TCDDKVEPKNKLEELNKRLHTKGSTEERHLLYGRPAVLYRTSYDILYHTDFESGYSEI
                     FLMPLWTSYTISKQAEVSSIPEHLTNCVRPDVRVSPGFSQNCLAYKNDKQMSYGFLFP
                     PYLSSSPEAKYDAFLVTNMVPMYPAFKRVWTYFQRVLVKKYASERNGVNVISGPIFDY
                     NYNGLRDIEDEIKQYVEGSSIPVPTHYYSIITSCLDFTQPADKCDGPLSVSSFILPHR
                     PDNDESCNSSEDESKWVEELMKMHTARVRDIEHLTGLDFYRKTSRSYSEILTLKTYLH
                     TYESEI"
     exon            219..318
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            319..474
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            475..600
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            601..661
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            662..759
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            760..839
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            840..959
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            960..1015
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1016..1081
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1082..1154
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1155..1263
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1264..1389
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1390..1421
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1422..1549
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1550..1637
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1638..1725
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1726..1910
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1911..1962
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1963..2099
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2100..2235
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2236..2313
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2314..2446
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2447..2603
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            2604..3239
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      3211..3216
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      3232
                     /gene="Enpp2"
                     /gene_synonym="ATX; E-NPP 2; lysoPLD; Npps2; PD-Ialpha;
                     Pdnp2"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 ttctgctcag agttgcaatt tgtgaaccaa ctgtgatgaa atcgagctct gcacgaatca
       61 gatgcgcctg tcaacttccc aggtgggatt gcttggagtt aacagcctga acgcagagcc
      121 ccgaaagcag agcattcagg gcaagcagag aacaccctgc agaggttttc caagaatccc
      181 tcggcatggc aagacaaggc tgtttcgggt cataccaggt aatatccttg ttcacttttg
      241 ccatcggcgt caatctctgc ttaggattca cagcaagtcg aattaagagg gccgaatggg
      301 atgaaggacc tcccacagtg ttatctgact ctccatggac caacacatct ggatcctgca
      361 aaggtagatg ctttgagctt caagaggttg gacctcctga ctgtcggtgt gacaacctat
      421 gtaagagcta cagcagctgc tgccatgatt ttgatgagct ctgtttgaaa acagctcgag
      481 gctgggagtg caccaaagac agatgtgggg aagtacgaaa tgaggaaaat gcctgtcact
      541 gctcagaaga ctgcttgtcc cggggagact gctgtaccaa ctaccaagtg gtctgcaaag
      601 gagaatcaca ctgggtagat gatgactgtg aagaaataag agtccccgaa tgccctgcag
      661 ggtttgtccg ccctccgtta atcatcttct ctgtggatgg attccgtgca tcgtacatga
      721 agaaaggcag caaggttatg cccaacattg agaaactgcg gtcctgtggc acccatgctc
      781 cctacatgag gcctgtgtac cctacaaaaa ccttccctaa tctgtatacg ctggccactg
      841 gtttatatcc agaatcccat ggaatcgttg gcaattcaat gtatgaccct gtctttgatg
      901 ctactttcca tcttcgaggg cgagagaagt ttaaccatag atggtgggga ggccaaccgc
      961 tatggattac agccaccaag caaggggtga gagccgggac attcttttgg tctgtgagca
     1021 tccctcacga gcggagaatc ctaactatcc ttcagtggct ttccctgcca gacaatgaga
     1081 ggccttcagt ttatgccttc tactccgagc agcctgattt ttctggacac aagtacggcc
     1141 cttttggccc tgagatgaca aatcctctga gggagattga caagaccgtg gggcagttaa
     1201 tggacggact gaaacaactc aagctgcacc gttgtgtgaa tgttatcttt gttggagacc
     1261 atggaatgga agacgtgaca tgtgacagaa ctgagttctt gagcaactat ctgactaacg
     1321 tggatgatat tactttagta cctggaactc taggaagaat tcgacccaag attcccaata
     1381 atcttaaata tgaccctaaa gccattattg ctaacctcac gtgtaaaaaa ccagatcagc
     1441 actttaagcc ttacatgaaa cagcaccttc ccaaacgttt gcactatgcc aacaatcgga
     1501 gaatcgagga tctccattta ttggtggaac gcagatggca tgttgcaagg aaacctttgg
     1561 acgtttataa gaagccgtca ggaaaatgtt ttttccaggg tgaccacggc tttgataaca
     1621 aggtcaatag catgcagact gtttttgtag gttatggccc aacttttaag tacaggacta
     1681 aagtgcctcc atttgaaaac attgaacttt ataatgttat gtgcgatctc ctaggcttga
     1741 agccagctcc caataatgga acacatggaa gtttgaatca cctgctacgc acaaatacct
     1801 ttaggccaac cctaccagag gaagtcagca gacccaatta cccagggatt atgtaccttc
     1861 agtctgattt tgacctgggc tgcacctgtg atgataaggt agagccaaag aacaaattgg
     1921 aagaactaaa taaacgcctt cataccaaag gatctacaga agagagacat ctcctgtatg
     1981 gacgacctgc agtgctttat cggactagct atgatatctt ataccatacg gactttgaaa
     2041 gtggttacag tgaaatattc ttaatgcctc tctggacttc ttataccatt tctaagcagg
     2101 ctgaggtctc tagcatccca gagcacctga ccaactgtgt tcgccctgat gtccgtgtat
     2161 ctcctggatt cagtcagaac tgtttagcct ataaaaatga taaacagatg tcctatggat
     2221 tcctttttcc tccctatctg agctcttccc cagaagcgaa atatgatgca ttccttgtaa
     2281 ccaacatggt tccaatgtac cctgccttca aacgtgtttg gacttatttc caaagggtct
     2341 tggtgaagaa atatgcgtca gaaaggaatg gggtcaacgt aataagtgga ccgatctttg
     2401 actacaatta caatggctta cgtgacattg aggatgaaat taaacagtat gtggaaggca
     2461 gctctattcc tgtccctacc cactactaca gcatcatcac cagctgcctg gacttcactc
     2521 agcctgcaga caagtgtgat ggtcctctct ctgtgtcttc tttcatcctt cctcaccgac
     2581 ctgacaatga tgagagctgt aatagttccg aggatgagtc gaagtgggta gaggaactca
     2641 tgaagatgca cacagctcgg gtgagggaca tcgagcatct caccggtttg gatttctacc
     2701 ggaagactag ccgtagctat tcggaaattc tgaccctcaa gacatacctg catacatatg
     2761 agagcgagat ttaacttcct gggcctgggc agtgtagtct tagcaactgg tgtatatttt
     2821 tatatggtgt ttgtatttat taatttgaaa ccaggacata aacaaacaaa gaaacaaatg
     2881 aaaaaaaaaa accacttagt attttaatcc tgtaccaaat ctgacatatt aagcctgaat
     2941 gactgtgctg tttttctcct ttaattcttg atgtagacag agttgtgttc tgagcagagt
     3001 ttatagtgaa cactgaagct cgtgatccaa gtagaagctt ctacatggtg ctgccagttg
     3061 aatatgtgca ttgaggaaat actaggttcc cagtgcccag tcaccacgtg tagtcctgtt
     3121 ctgtattgaa agactgattt tgtaaaggtg cattcatctg cggttaactt tgacagacat
     3181 atttaagcct tatagaccaa tcttaaatat aataaatcac acattcagat tttccctgga
     3241 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaa
//
