LOCUS       NM_007861               2291 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 04-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Mus musculus dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (Dld), mRNA; nuclear
            gene for mitochondrial product.
ACCESSION   NM_007861
VERSION     NM_007861.5
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Mus musculus (house mouse)
  ORGANISM  Mus musculus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2291)
  AUTHORS   Di Michele,M., Attina,A., Roux,P.F., Tabet,I., Laguesse,S.,
            Florido,J., Houdeville,M., Choquet,A., Encislai,B., Arena,G., De
            Blasio,C., Wendling,O., Frenois,F.X., Papon,L., Stuani,L.,
            Fuentes,M., Jahannault Talignani,C., Rousseau,M., Guegan,J.,
            Buscail,Y., Dupre,P., Michaud,H.A., Rodier,G., Bellvert,F.,
            Kulyk,H., Ferraro Peyret,C., Mathieu,H., Close,P., Rapino,F.,
            Chaveroux,C., Pirot,N., Rubio,L., Torro,A., Sorg,T., Ango,F.,
            Hirtz,C., Compan,V., Lebigot,E., Legati,A., Ghezzi,D., Nguyen,L.,
            David,A., Sardet,C., Lacroix,M. and Le Cam,L.
  TITLE     E4F1 coordinates pyruvate metabolism and the activity of the
            elongator complex to ensure translation fidelity during brain
            development
  JOURNAL   Nat Commun 16 (1), 67 (2025)
   PUBMED   39747033
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2291)
  AUTHORS   Ayyangar,U., Karkhanis,A., Tay,H., Afandi,A.F.B., Bhattacharjee,O.,
            Ks,L., Lee,S.H., Chan,J. and Raghavan,S.
  TITLE     Metabolic rewiring of macrophages by epidermal-derived lactate
            promotes sterile inflammation in the murine skin
  JOURNAL   EMBO J 43 (7), 1113-1134 (2024)
   PUBMED   38418556
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2291)
  AUTHORS   Peng,M.Z., Shao,Y.X., Li,X.Z., Zhang,K.D., Cai,Y.N., Lin,Y.T.,
            Jiang,M.Y., Liu,Z.C., Su,X.Y., Zhang,W., Jiang,X.L. and Liu,L.
  TITLE     Mitochondrial FAD shortage in SLC25A32 deficiency affects
            folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism
  JOURNAL   Cell Mol Life Sci 79 (7), 375 (2022)
   PUBMED   35727412
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2291)
  AUTHORS   Bedogni,F. and Hevner,R.F.
  TITLE     Cell-Type-Specific Gene Expression in Developing Mouse Neocortex:
            Intermediate Progenitors Implicated in Axon Development
  JOURNAL   Front Mol Neurosci 14, 686034 (2021)
   PUBMED   34321999
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2291)
  AUTHORS   Malty,R.H., Aoki,H., Kumar,A., Phanse,S., Amin,S., Zhang,Q.,
            Minic,Z., Goebels,F., Musso,G., Wu,Z., Abou-Tok,H., Meyer,M.,
            Deineko,V., Kassir,S., Sidhu,V., Jessulat,M., Scott,N.E., Xiong,X.,
            Vlasblom,J., Prasad,B., Foster,L.J., Alberio,T., Garavaglia,B.,
            Yu,H., Bader,G.D., Nakamura,K., Parkinson,J. and Babu,M.
  TITLE     A Map of Human Mitochondrial Protein Interactions Linked to
            Neurodegeneration Reveals New Mechanisms of Redox Homeostasis and
            NF-kappaB Signaling
  JOURNAL   Cell Syst 5 (6), 564-577 (2017)
   PUBMED   29128334
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2291)
  AUTHORS   Babady,N.E., Pang,Y.P., Elpeleg,O. and Isaya,G.
  TITLE     Cryptic proteolytic activity of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104 (15), 6158-6163 (2007)
   PUBMED   17404228
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Human, mouse, and pig Dld has moonlighting function as a
            protease in addition to its canonical function as a a
            dehydrogenase.
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2291)
  AUTHORS   Klivenyi,P., Starkov,A.A., Calingasan,N.Y., Gardian,G.,
            Browne,S.E., Yang,L., Bubber,P., Gibson,G.E., Patel,M.S. and
            Beal,M.F.
  TITLE     Mice deficient in dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase show increased
            vulnerability to MPTP, malonate and 3-nitropropionic acid
            neurotoxicity
  JOURNAL   J Neurochem 88 (6), 1352-1360 (2004)
   PUBMED   15009635
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Mice that are deficient in dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase
            show increased vulnerability to
            1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), malonate and
            3-nitropropionic acid, which have been used in models of Parkinson
            disease and Huntington disease
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2291)
  AUTHORS   Mootha,V.K., Bunkenborg,J., Olsen,J.V., Hjerrild,M.,
            Wisniewski,J.R., Stahl,E., Bolouri,M.S., Ray,H.N., Sihag,S.,
            Kamal,M., Patterson,N., Lander,E.S. and Mann,M.
  TITLE     Integrated analysis of protein composition, tissue diversity, and
            gene regulation in mouse mitochondria
  JOURNAL   Cell 115 (5), 629-640 (2003)
   PUBMED   14651853
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2291)
  AUTHORS   Johnson,M.T., Yang,H.S., Magnuson,T. and Patel,M.S.
  TITLE     Targeted disruption of the murine dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase
            gene (Dld) results in perigastrulation lethality
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94 (26), 14512-14517 (1997)
   PUBMED   9405644
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2291)
  AUTHORS   Johnson,M., Yang,H.S., Johanning,G.L. and Patel,M.S.
  TITLE     Characterization of the mouse dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (Dld)
            gene: genomic structure, promoter sequence, and chromosomal
            localization
  JOURNAL   Genomics 41 (3), 320-326 (1997)
   PUBMED   9169128
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from BY282701.1, AK117104.1 and
            AI849462.1.
            
            On Jan 24, 2014 this sequence version replaced NM_007861.4.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a member of the class-I pyridine
            nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. The encoded protein has
            been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to
            perform mechanistically distinct functions. In homodimeric form,
            the encoded protein functions as a dehydrogenase and is found in
            several multi-enzyme complexes that regulate energy metabolism.
            However, as a monomer, this protein can function as a protease.
            [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR1660817.142418.1,
                                           SRR1660815.257761.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMN01164131, SAMN01164134
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            gene product(s) localized to mito. :: reported by MitoCarta
            multifunctional gene product(s)    :: PMID: 17404228
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on single
                                                  protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-56                BY282701.1         4-59
            57-2273             AK117104.1         1-2217
            2274-2291           AI849462.1         1-18                c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2291
                     /organism="Mus musculus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="C57BL/6"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10090"
                     /chromosome="12"
                     /map="12 13.43 cM"
     gene            1..2291
                     /gene="Dld"
                     /note="dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:13382"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:107450"
     exon            1..171
                     /gene="Dld"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             133..1662
                     /gene="Dld"
                     /EC_number="1.8.1.4"
                     /note="dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial;
                     branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex
                     subunit E3"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
                     precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_031887.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS36428.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:13382"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:107450"
                     /translation="MQSWSRVYRSLAKKGHFNRISHGLQGVSSVPLRTYADQPIEADV
                     TVIGSGPGGYVAAIKSAQLGFKTVCIEKNETLGGTCLNVGCIPSKALLNNSHYYHMAH
                     GKDFASRGIEIPEVRLNLEKMMEQKHSAVKALTGGIAHLFKQNKVVHVNGFGKITGKN
                     QVTATKADGSTQVIDTKNILVATGSEVTPFPGITIDEDTIVSSTGALSLKKVPEKLVV
                     IGAGVIGVELGSVWQRLGADVTAVEFLGHVGGIGIDMEISKNFQRILQRQGFKFKLNT
                     KVTGATKKSDGKIDVSVEAASGGKAEVITCDVLLVCIGRRPFTQNLGLEELGIELDPK
                     GRIPVNNRFQTKIPNIYAIGDVVAGPMLAHKAEDEGIICVEGMAGGAVHIDYNCVPSV
                     IYTHPEVAWVGKSEEQLKEEGIEFKIGKFPFAANSRAKTNADTDGMVKILGHKSTDRV
                     LGAHILGPGAGEMVNEAALALEYGASCEDIARVCHAHPTLSEAFREANLAAAFGKPIN
                     F"
     exon            172..250
                     /gene="Dld"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            251..330
                     /gene="Dld"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            331..399
                     /gene="Dld"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            400..469
                     /gene="Dld"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            470..570
                     /gene="Dld"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            571..714
                     /gene="Dld"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            715..816
                     /gene="Dld"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            817..1007
                     /gene="Dld"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1008..1178
                     /gene="Dld"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1179..1368
                     /gene="Dld"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1369..1506
                     /gene="Dld"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1507..1596
                     /gene="Dld"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1597..2277
                     /gene="Dld"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      2255..2260
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Dld"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      2277
                     /gene="Dld"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 gggccaatcg cgctgctcct cggcgatgac gtatatgttg cgcaggcgca gggtggggag
       61 accttggata agtcttacca ggcgttcagc ggaggtgaaa acccctggtt ggagggacgg
      121 gaccgaggga cgatgcagag ctggagtcgt gtgtaccgct ccttggccaa gaaaggccat
      181 ttcaatcgga tatctcatgg cctacaagga gtttcttcag ttcctttaag aacttatgca
      241 gatcaaccaa ttgaggctga cgtgacagtg ataggttctg gccctggagg atatgttgct
      301 gccatcaaat ctgcccagtt aggctttaag acagtctgca ttgagaaaaa tgagacacta
      361 ggtggaacat gcttgaacgt tggttgtatt ccttcaaagg ctttattaaa taattctcat
      421 tattaccata tggcccacgg aaaagatttt gcatctaggg gaattgaaat accagaagtt
      481 cgcttgaatt tagagaagat gatggagcag aagcattctg cagtaaaagc attaacaggg
      541 ggaattgctc acttattcaa acaaaataag gttgttcacg tcaatggatt tggaaagata
      601 accggcaaga atcaagttac agctacaaaa gccgatggca gcactcaggt tattgatacc
      661 aaaaacatcc ttgtagctac gggctcagaa gttactcctt ttcctggaat cacgatcgat
      721 gaagatacta tagtgtcatc tacaggagct ttatccttaa aaaaagttcc agagaagctg
      781 gttgttattg gggcaggagt aattggtgtg gaactgggtt cagtttggca aagacttggt
      841 gcagatgtga cagcagttga atttttgggt catgtgggtg gaattggaat tgacatggag
      901 atatcaaaaa attttcaacg tatacttcag aggcaaggat ttaagtttaa actgaataca
      961 aaagttactg gtgccaccaa gaagtcagat ggaaaaattg atgtgtctgt cgaagctgct
     1021 tctggtggta aagctgaagt tatcacttgt gatgtactct tggtttgcat tggtcggcgg
     1081 ccctttactc agaatttggg actagaagag cttggaattg aactagatcc caaaggtaga
     1141 attccagtca ataacagatt tcaaactaaa attccaaata tctatgctat tggagatgtg
     1201 gtcgctggtc caatgttggc tcacaaagca gaagatgaag gcatcatctg tgttgaaggg
     1261 atggccggcg gtgctgtgca cattgattat aattgtgtgc catcagtgat ttacacacac
     1321 cccgaggttg cttgggttgg caaatcggaa gaacagttga aagaagaggg tattgagttc
     1381 aaaattggaa aattcccctt tgctgcaaac agcagagcta aaacaaatgc tgacacagat
     1441 ggcatggtga agattcttgg acataagtca acagatagag tgctgggagc acatattcta
     1501 ggaccaggtg ctggagaaat ggtgaacgag gcggccctgg cattggaata tggtgcttcc
     1561 tgtgaagata tagctcgagt ctgccatgcg catccgacct tatcagaggc ttttagagaa
     1621 gcaaacttgg ctgcagcttt tggaaaacca atcaactttt aattagaaga ttgtttttct
     1681 taaaatctgg aagcttttgt caacattaca tttttgaaca ggataatctt ccagttccaa
     1741 gaatttgcag gatgaaatta tgaaacttct gggagatctt tagtaggttt gaacagaatg
     1801 gaataaccat gtacctatat ttcacgtatc ttgttccagt gcattaatgc aaacagaaaa
     1861 ctacatatag aagaatcctg gaaagttttg acctgttttc atactgtcta cgagattcaa
     1921 cttcactgaa ttagcactaa tagattttac ctctaattta gtggaggtga atctgttgac
     1981 aggaaggagc tggaaaatat gtgtgaacaa cttgaagaag actggcaaac ttactttaaa
     2041 tttggttttc atattggaaa cgagtcaatg actagaacaa gattcaaata tgtacaaaca
     2101 acttatgtaa ataaaaatga ttttctctca tttatttaac ttccaaattg ctggcagttt
     2161 aagaggtaga aatacatgtt acctaagtga agatttttgt ctacagaagt attaaatgga
     2221 gactcatgat tataccaggg aatgaagaca ccaaaataaa catgtcttaa atattaaaaa
     2281 aaaaaaaaaa a
//
