LOCUS       NM_172875               2084 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 11-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Mus musculus antizyme inhibitor 2 (Azin2), transcript variant 1,
            mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_172875 XM_913587 XM_922820 XM_922822
VERSION     NM_172875.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Mus musculus (house mouse)
  ORGANISM  Mus musculus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2084)
  AUTHORS   Gao,Y., Xu,S., Qiao,J., Wang,C., Wang,K., Sun,J., Liu,L., Li,L.,
            Liang,M. and Hu,K.
  TITLE     AZIN2 is associated with apoptosis of germ cells in undescended
            testis
  JOURNAL   Cells Dev 179, 203925 (2024)
   PUBMED   38797332
  REMARK    GeneRIF: AZIN2 is associated with apoptosis of germ cells in
            undescended testis.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2084)
  AUTHORS   Lambertos,A., Nunez-Sanchez,M.A., Lopez-Garcia,C.,
            Lopez-Contreras,A.J., Ramos-Molina,B. and Penafiel,R.
  TITLE     Antizyme Inhibitor 2-Deficient Mice Exhibit Altered Brain Polyamine
            Levels and Reduced Locomotor Activity
  JOURNAL   Biomolecules 13 (1), 14 (2022)
   PUBMED   36671399
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Antizyme Inhibitor 2-Deficient Mice Exhibit Altered Brain
            Polyamine Levels and Reduced Locomotor Activity.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2084)
  AUTHORS   El-Saafin,F., Bergamasco,M.I., Chen,Y., May,R.E., Esakky,P.,
            Hediyeh-Zadeh,S., Dixon,M., Wilcox,S., Davis,M.J., Strasser,A.,
            Smyth,G.K., Thomas,T. and Voss,A.K.
  TITLE     Loss of TAF8 causes TFIID dysfunction and p53-mediated apoptotic
            neuronal cell death
  JOURNAL   Cell Death Differ 29 (5), 1013-1027 (2022)
   PUBMED   35361962
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2084)
  AUTHORS   Garcia-Guillen,I.M., Martinez-de-la-Torre,M., Puelles,L., Aroca,P.
            and Marin,F.
  TITLE     Molecular Segmentation of the Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus in the
            Adult Mouse Brain
  JOURNAL   Front Neuroanat 15, 785840 (2021)
   PUBMED   34955765
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2084)
  AUTHORS   Lopez-Contreras,A.J., Ramos-Molina,B., Cremades,A. and Penafiel,R.
  TITLE     Antizyme inhibitor 2: molecular, cellular and physiological aspects
  JOURNAL   Amino Acids 38 (2), 603-611 (2010)
   PUBMED   19956990
  REMARK    GeneRIF: AZIN2 expression appears to be restricted to brain and
            testis and it is a labile protein degraded by a ubiquitin-dependent
            mechanism.
            Review article
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2084)
  AUTHORS   Lopez-Contreras,A.J., Ramos-Molina,B., Martinez-de-la-Torre,M.,
            Penafiel-Verdu,C., Puelles,L., Cremades,A. and Penafiel,R.
  TITLE     Expression of antizyme inhibitor 2 in male haploid germinal cells
            suggests a role in spermiogenesis
  JOURNAL   Int J Biochem Cell Biol 41 (5), 1070-1078 (2009)
   PUBMED   18973822
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2084)
  AUTHORS   Lopez-Garcia,C., Lopez-Contreras,A.J., Cremades,A., Castells,M.T.,
            Marin,F., Schreiber,F. and Penafiel,R.
  TITLE     Molecular and morphological changes in placenta and embryo
            development associated with the inhibition of polyamine synthesis
            during midpregnancy in mice
  JOURNAL   Endocrinology 149 (10), 5012-5023 (2008)
   PUBMED   18583422
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2084)
  AUTHORS   Lopez-Contreras,A.J., Ramos-Molina,B., Cremades,A. and Penafiel,R.
  TITLE     Antizyme inhibitor 2 (AZIN2/ODCp) stimulates polyamine uptake in
            mammalian cells
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 283 (30), 20761-20769 (2008)
   PUBMED   18508777
  REMARK    GeneRIF: AZIN2 affects polyamine homeostasis not only by increasing
            ornithine decarboxylase activity but also by stimulating polyamine
            uptake, through negating the inhibitory effect of the antizymes
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2084)
  AUTHORS   Lopez-Contreras,A.J., Lopez-Garcia,C., Jimenez-Cervantes,C.,
            Cremades,A. and Penafiel,R.
  TITLE     Mouse ornithine decarboxylase-like gene encodes an antizyme
            inhibitor devoid of ornithine and arginine decarboxylating activity
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 281 (41), 30896-30906 (2006)
   PUBMED   16916800
  REMARK    GeneRIF: in contrast to human ODCp, mouse ornithine
            decarboxylase-like gene encodes an antizyme inhibitor devoid of
            ornithine and arginine decarboxylating activity
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2084)
  AUTHORS   Coleman,C.S., Hu,G. and Pegg,A.E.
  TITLE     Putrescine biosynthesis in mammalian tissues
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 379 (Pt 3), 849-855 (2004)
   PUBMED   14763899
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from CJ183131.1, AK077201.1,
            AL607086.19 and BB398156.1.
            
            On Sep 20, 2014 this sequence version replaced NM_172875.3.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the antizyme
            inhibitor family, which plays a role in cell growth and
            proliferation by maintaining polyamine homeostasis within the cell.
            Antizyme inhibitors are homologs of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC,
            the key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis) that have lost the
            ability to decarboxylase ornithine; however, retain the ability to
            bind to antizymes. Antizymes negatively regulate intracellular
            polyamine levels by binding to ODC and targeting it for
            degradation, as well as by inhibiting polyamine uptake. Antizyme
            inhibitors function as positive regulators of polyamine levels by
            sequestering antizymes and neutralizing their effect. This gene
            encodes antizyme inhibitor 2, the second member of this gene
            family. Like antizyme inhibitor 1, antizyme inhibitor 2 interacts
            with all 3 antizymes and stimulates ODC activity and polyamine
            uptake. However, unlike antizyme inhibitor 1, which is ubiquitously
            expressed and localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, antizyme
            inhibitor 2 is predominantly expressed in the brain and testis and
            localized in the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate
            compartment. Recent studies indicate that antizyme inhibitor 2 is
            also expressed in specific cell types in ovaries, adrenal glands
            and pancreas, and in mast cells. The exact function of this gene is
            not known, however, available data suggest its role in cell growth,
            spermiogenesis, vesicular trafficking and secretion. There has been
            confusion in literature and databases over the nomenclature of this
            gene, stemming from an earlier report that a human cDNA clone
            (identical to ODCp/AZIN2) had arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity
            (PMID:14738999). Subsequent studies in human and mouse showed that
            antizyme inhibitor 2 was devoid of arginine decarboxylase activity
            (PMID:19956990). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have
            been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer
            transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AK077201.1, BC138974.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMN01164131 [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-16                CJ183131.1         2-17
            17-1955             AK077201.1         2-1940
            1956-2022           AL607086.19        70323-70389         c
            2023-2084           BB398156.1         225-286
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2084
                     /organism="Mus musculus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10090"
                     /chromosome="4"
                     /map="4 62.48 cM"
     gene            1..2084
                     /gene="Azin2"
                     /gene_synonym="4933429I20Rik; Adc; Azi2; B930082O19;
                     ODC-p; Odcp"
                     /note="antizyme inhibitor 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:242669"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:2442093"
     exon            1..155
                     /gene="Azin2"
                     /gene_synonym="4933429I20Rik; Adc; Azi2; B930082O19;
                     ODC-p; Odcp"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            156..276
                     /gene="Azin2"
                     /gene_synonym="4933429I20Rik; Adc; Azi2; B930082O19;
                     ODC-p; Odcp"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            277..473
                     /gene="Azin2"
                     /gene_synonym="4933429I20Rik; Adc; Azi2; B930082O19;
                     ODC-p; Odcp"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             369..1748
                     /gene="Azin2"
                     /gene_synonym="4933429I20Rik; Adc; Azi2; B930082O19;
                     ODC-p; Odcp"
                     /note="isoform 1 is encoded by transcript variant 1;
                     ornithine decarboxylase-like protein; ODC antizyme
                     inhibitor-2; arginine decarboxylase; ODC-like protein;
                     ornithine decarboxylase paralog"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform 1"
                     /protein_id="NP_766463.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS18678.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:242669"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:2442093"
                     /translation="MAGYLSESDFVMVEEGFSTRDLLEELTLGASQATSGKVAAFFVA
                     DLGAVVRKHFCFLKHLPRVRPFYAVGCNSSLGVLKVLAELGLGFSCANKAEMELVQHI
                     GVPASKIICANPCKQVAQIKYAAKHGVRLLSFDNEVELAKVVKSHPSAKMVLCIATQD
                     SHSLNHLSLRFGASLKSCRHLLENAKKSHVEVVGVSFHIGSGCPDPQAYAQSIADARL
                     VFQMGEELGHTMNILDLGGGFPGLEGAKVRFEEMASVINSALDLYFPEGCGVDILAEL
                     GRYYVTSAFTVAVSIVAKREVLDQASREEQTGAAPKSIVYYLDEGVYGVFNSVLFDNT
                     CPTPALQKKPSADQPLYSSSLWGPAVEGCDCVAEGLWLPQLQVGDWLVFDNMGAYTVD
                     TKSLLGGTQARRVTYAMSRLAWEALRGQLLPAEEDQDAEGVCKPLSCGWEITDTLCVG
                     PVFTPASIM"
     exon            474..647
                     /gene="Azin2"
                     /gene_synonym="4933429I20Rik; Adc; Azi2; B930082O19;
                     ODC-p; Odcp"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            648..820
                     /gene="Azin2"
                     /gene_synonym="4933429I20Rik; Adc; Azi2; B930082O19;
                     ODC-p; Odcp"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            821..955
                     /gene="Azin2"
                     /gene_synonym="4933429I20Rik; Adc; Azi2; B930082O19;
                     ODC-p; Odcp"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            956..1121
                     /gene="Azin2"
                     /gene_synonym="4933429I20Rik; Adc; Azi2; B930082O19;
                     ODC-p; Odcp"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1122..1281
                     /gene="Azin2"
                     /gene_synonym="4933429I20Rik; Adc; Azi2; B930082O19;
                     ODC-p; Odcp"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1282..1394
                     /gene="Azin2"
                     /gene_synonym="4933429I20Rik; Adc; Azi2; B930082O19;
                     ODC-p; Odcp"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1395..1609
                     /gene="Azin2"
                     /gene_synonym="4933429I20Rik; Adc; Azi2; B930082O19;
                     ODC-p; Odcp"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1610..2084
                     /gene="Azin2"
                     /gene_synonym="4933429I20Rik; Adc; Azi2; B930082O19;
                     ODC-p; Odcp"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1937..1942
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Azin2"
                     /gene_synonym="4933429I20Rik; Adc; Azi2; B930082O19;
                     ODC-p; Odcp"
                     /note="hexamer: CATAAA"
     polyA_site      1956
                     /gene="Azin2"
                     /gene_synonym="4933429I20Rik; Adc; Azi2; B930082O19;
                     ODC-p; Odcp"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 gggcgcaagg cggggcgtgg ggtcggtggc tgctgggcgc gcggggcgca ggccgcgggg
       61 ccggagccgg ggggagcgag cgagcggagg cgccgaggat ccgattcact cgctggggag
      121 acctatgggc cgaagccgtg taaatgcgtt ttaagcaggg gcctcggctc cgcaattgcc
      181 actcctcctc ggggtgttgc acaagtttcg aggtcaccgg cgaccccccc tagcagcgcg
      241 cctggctctg gcccccgcga aggaggacgg ggcttgtgtg ttgcatactt tctaaggcgg
      301 tggccaaggc agccagcggt gctccaaggc agcggtttcc tccagcccct gggctcctcc
      361 tgctcagcat ggctggctat ctgagtgaat cggactttgt gatggtggag gagggcttca
      421 gcacccggga tctgctggag gagctcactc tgggggcctc ccaggccacc tcgggcaagg
      481 tggctgcctt cttcgtggcc gacctgggtg ctgtagtgag gaagcacttc tgctttctga
      541 agcacctgcc tcgagtccgg cctttttatg ctgtcgggtg caacagcagc ctgggcgtgc
      601 tgaaggttct agccgaactg gggctgggct tcagctgtgc caacaaggca gagatggagt
      661 tggtccagca cattggtgtc cctgccagta agatcatctg tgccaacccc tgtaagcaag
      721 ttgcacagat caagtatgct gccaagcacg gggtgaggct gctgagcttc gacaatgaag
      781 tggagctggc caaggtggtc aagagccacc ccagtgccaa gatggttctg tgcattgcta
      841 cccaggactc ccactctctg aatcacctga gcctgaggtt tggggcgtcg ctgaaatcct
      901 gcagacatct gctcgagaac gccaagaaga gccacgtgga ggtggtgggt gtgagttttc
      961 acattggcag tggctgtcct gaccctcagg cctatgccca gtccatcgcg gatgctaggc
     1021 tggtgtttca gatgggcgag gagctgggcc acacgatgaa catcctggac cttggcggcg
     1081 gctttcctgg cttagaggga gccaaagtga gatttgaaga gatggcctca gtaattaact
     1141 cagccttgga cctgtacttc cctgagggct gcggtgtgga catccttgct gagctgggac
     1201 gctactacgt gacgtctgcc ttcactgtgg ctgtcagcat cgtcgccaag agggaggttc
     1261 tggaccaggc cagcagggaa gagcaaaccg gcgcagcccc taagagcatc gtgtactacc
     1321 ttgatgaggg cgtttatggg gtcttcaact cagtcctgtt tgacaacacc tgccccaccc
     1381 ccgccctgca gaagaaacca tctgcggatc aaccactgta cagcagcagc ctgtggggcc
     1441 cagcagttga aggctgcgac tgtgtggctg agggcctgtg gctgccgcaa ctacaagtag
     1501 gggactggct ggtctttgac aacatgggtg cttacaccgt ggacacaaag tccctccttg
     1561 gggggaccca ggcccgcaga gtcacttatg ccatgtcccg gctagcctgg gaagcgcttc
     1621 gagggcagct gttgcctgca gaagaagacc aggacgccga gggtgtgtgc aaacctctgt
     1681 cctgcggctg ggagatcaca gacaccttgt gtgtgggccc tgtcttcacc ccagcaagca
     1741 tcatgtgagc gggcctgttt tcccagagaa tcccagcggg gccaaggaga tgcctctgga
     1801 gaggtggata aggcggcagg ctggtaccct ctggccagga ctctggtgct cgcttcgcca
     1861 cccccacgct ccacctgtag tgtttgtgcc ctgtaaatag gaccagtctt acactcgctg
     1921 tagttcaagt atgcaacata aatcctgccc cttccagccg tgtctgcctc tgcagcgtga
     1981 ggggcctggc catccaggtg tgggctgtgc ttggggttgc tcttagtctc ctccccacct
     2041 ctgtaaatac gaatcaaata aatatttagt tttttttttt tttt
//
