LOCUS       NM_018745               4868 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 11-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Mus musculus antizyme inhibitor 1 (Azin1), transcript variant 2,
            mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_018745
VERSION     NM_018745.5
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Mus musculus (house mouse)
  ORGANISM  Mus musculus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 4868)
  AUTHORS   Heruye,S.H., Myslinski,J., Zeng,C., Zollman,A., Makino,S.,
            Nanamatsu,A., Mir,Q., Janga,S.C., Doud,E.H., Eadon,M.T., Maier,B.,
            Hamada,M., Tran,T.M., Dagher,P.C. and Hato,T.
  TITLE     Inflammation primes the murine kidney for recovery by activating
            AZIN1 adenosine-to-inosine editing
  JOURNAL   J Clin Invest 134 (17), e180117 (2024)
   PUBMED   38954486
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 4868)
  AUTHORS   Xing,Y., Nakahama,T., Wu,Y., Inoue,M., Kim,J.I., Todo,H.,
            Shibuya,T., Kato,Y. and Kawahara,Y.
  TITLE     RNA editing of AZIN1 coding sites is catalyzed by ADAR1 p150 after
            splicing
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 299 (7), 104840 (2023)
   PUBMED   37209819
  REMARK    GeneRIF: RNA editing of AZIN1 coding sites is catalyzed by ADAR1
            p150 after splicing.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 4868)
  AUTHORS   Sun,Q., Gong,J., Gong,X., Wu,J., Hu,Z., Zhang,Q. and Zhu,X.
  TITLE     Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 aggravated liver ischemia-reperfusion
            injury via targeting miR-150-5p/AZIN1
  JOURNAL   Bioengineered 13 (5), 13422-13436 (2022)
   PUBMED   36700468
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 aggravated liver
            ischemia-reperfusion injury via targeting miR-150-5p/AZIN1.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 4868)
  AUTHORS   Murakami,Y., Ohkido,M., Takizawa,H., Murai,N. and Matsufuji,S.
  TITLE     Multiple forms of mouse antizyme inhibitor 1 mRNA differentially
            regulated by polyamines
  JOURNAL   Amino Acids 46 (3), 575-583 (2014)
   PUBMED   24077669
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The polyamines regulate two novel steps of Azin1
            expression, namely the transcription and a particular splicing
            pattern, both of which may affect the level of mRNA encoding the
            full-length active Azin1 protein.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 4868)
  AUTHORS   Chen,L., Li,Y., Lin,C.H., Chan,T.H., Chow,R.K., Song,Y., Liu,M.,
            Yuan,Y.F., Fu,L., Kong,K.L., Qi,L., Li,Y., Zhang,N., Tong,A.H.,
            Kwong,D.L., Man,K., Lo,C.M., Lok,S., Tenen,D.G. and Guan,X.Y.
  TITLE     Recoding RNA editing of AZIN1 predisposes to hepatocellular
            carcinoma
  JOURNAL   Nat Med 19 (2), 209-216 (2013)
   PUBMED   23291631
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 4868)
  AUTHORS   Lopez-Garcia,C., Lopez-Contreras,A.J., Cremades,A., Castells,M.T.
            and Penafiel,R.
  TITLE     Transcriptomic analysis of polyamine-related genes and polyamine
            levels in placenta, yolk sac and fetus during the second half of
            mouse pregnancy
  JOURNAL   Placenta 30 (3), 241-249 (2009)
   PUBMED   19131104
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 4868)
  AUTHORS   Tang,H., Ariki,K., Ohkido,M., Murakami,Y., Matsufuji,S., Li,Z. and
            Yamamura,K.
  TITLE     Role of ornithine decarboxylase antizyme inhibitor in vivo
  JOURNAL   Genes Cells 14 (1), 79-87 (2009)
   PUBMED   19077035
  REMARK    GeneRIF: AZI plays an important role in regulating the levels of
            Ornithine decarboxylase, putrescine and spermidine in mice, and is
            essential for the survival of mice.
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 4868)
  AUTHORS   Lopez-Garcia,C., Lopez-Contreras,A.J., Cremades,A., Castells,M.T.,
            Marin,F., Schreiber,F. and Penafiel,R.
  TITLE     Molecular and morphological changes in placenta and embryo
            development associated with the inhibition of polyamine synthesis
            during midpregnancy in mice
  JOURNAL   Endocrinology 149 (10), 5012-5023 (2008)
   PUBMED   18583422
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 4868)
  AUTHORS   Ivanov,I.P., Loughran,G. and Atkins,J.F.
  TITLE     uORFs with unusual translational start codons autoregulate
            expression of eukaryotic ornithine decarboxylase homologs
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105 (29), 10079-10084 (2008)
   PUBMED   18626014
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 4868)
  AUTHORS   Nilsson,J., Grahn,B. and Heby,O.
  TITLE     Antizyme inhibitor is rapidly induced in growth-stimulated mouse
            fibroblasts and releases ornithine decarboxylase from antizyme
            suppression
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 346 Pt 3 (Pt 3), 699-704 (2000)
   PUBMED   10698696
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AK049680.1 and AC167019.4.
            
            On Aug 24, 2007 this sequence version replaced NM_018745.4.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the antizyme
            inhibitor family, which plays a role in cell growth and
            proliferation by maintaining polyamine homeostasis within the cell.
            Antizyme inhibitors are homologs of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC,
            the key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis) that have lost the
            ability to decarboxylase ornithine; however, retain the ability to
            bind to antizymes. Antizymes negatively regulate intracellular
            polyamine levels by binding to ODC and targeting it for
            degradation, as well as by inhibiting polyamine uptake. Antizyme
            inhibitors function as positive regulators of polyamine levels by
            sequestering antizymes and neutralizing their effect. This gene
            encodes antizyme inhibitor 1, the first member of this gene family
            that is ubiquitously expressed, and is localized in the nucleus and
            cytoplasm. Overexpression of antizyme inhibitor 1 gene has been
            associated with increased proliferation, cellular transformation
            and tumorigenesis. Gene knockout studies showed that homozygous
            mutant mice lacking functional antizyme inhibitor 1 gene died at
            birth with abnormal liver morphology. RNA editing of this gene,
            predominantly in the liver tissue, has been linked to the
            progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Alternatively spliced
            transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by
            RefSeq, Sep 2014].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an internal 5'
            non-coding exon, thus has a shorter 5' UTR compared to variant 1.
            Variants 1 and 2 encode the same isoform (1).
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data because no single transcript was available
            for the full length of the gene. The extent of this transcript is
            supported by transcript alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AK049680.1, SRR1660813.134596.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMN01164131, SAMN01164134
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            regulatory uORF        :: PMID: 18626014
            undergoes RNA editing  :: PMID: 23291631
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-2079              AK049680.1         2-2080
            2080-4868           AC167019.4         112581-115369       c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..4868
                     /organism="Mus musculus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="C57BL/6"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10090"
                     /chromosome="15"
                     /map="15 15.17 cM"
     gene            1..4868
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /note="antizyme inhibitor 1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:54375"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:1859169"
     exon            1..358
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      305..460
                     /regulatory_class="uORF"
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /experiment="DESCRIPTION:regulatory uORF[PMID:18626014]"
                     /note="this uORF is known as uORF-M and is predicted to
                     encode a 52 aa peptide using a non-AUG (AUU) start codon.
                     uORF-M has been shown to mediate polyamine-induced
                     repression of the downstream primary ORF (PMID:18626014)"
     exon            359..495
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            496..692
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             591..1937
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /note="isoform 1 is encoded by transcript variant 2;
                     ornithine decarboxylase antizyme inhibitor; ODC antizyme
                     inhibitor"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="antizyme inhibitor 1 isoform 1"
                     /protein_id="NP_061215.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS37065.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:54375"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:1859169"
                     /translation="MKGFIDDANYSVGLLDEGTNLGNVIDNYVYEHTLTGKNAFFVGD
                     LGKIVKKHSQWQTVVAQIKPFYTVKCNSTPAVLEILAALGTGFACSSKNEMALVQELG
                     VSPENIIFTSPCKQVSQIKYAAKVGVNIMTCDNEIELKKIARNHPNAKVLLHIATEDN
                     IGGEDGNMKFGTTLKNCRHLLECAKELDVQIIGVKFHVSSACKEYQVYVHALSDARCV
                     FDMAGEFGFTMNMLDIGGGFTGTEIQLEEVNHVISPLLDIYFPEGSGIQIISEPGSYY
                     VSSAFTLAVNIIAKKVVENDKFSSGVEKNGSDEPAFVYYMNDGVYGSFASKLSEDLNT
                     IPEVHKKYKEDEPLFTSSLWGPSCDELDQIVESCLLPELNVGDWLIFDNMGADSFHEP
                     SAFNDFQRPAIYFMMSFSDWYEMQDAGITSDAMMKNFFFAPSCIQLSQEDSFSTEA"
     exon            693..866
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            867..1039
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1040..1174
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1175..1256
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1257..1331
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1332..1494
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1495..1610
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1611..1825
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1826..4868
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      2482..2487
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      2504
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      4032..4037
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /note="hexamer: AATACA"
     polyA_site      4061
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
     regulatory      4090..4095
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAGA"
     polyA_site      4115
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      4156..4161
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
                     /note="hexamer: AGTAAA"
     polyA_site      4183
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
     polyA_site      4279
                     /gene="Azin1"
                     /gene_synonym="1700085L02Rik; AZI; Oazi; Oazin"
ORIGIN      
        1 cccacactct ctggctcaac tctcgccgcg gtgtttccgt ttttctctct ggttgtctcc
       61 tgctctgctc ttctcatcct tctcgctctg ctgctctgcg gagtgacgag gctgaatcct
      121 ctccccaccc agttcgcgcc tttcttcttt ttctcgcgcc gctccatttc tccagttcgg
      181 ctgccgccgc cactgctgct cagctggtgt cggtgccgcg cgtttccccc acgtcgtccc
      241 cgcagcctat ggcccaggcc gccttgggta tttctgctca aggtaaccac atccctcttt
      301 aaaaattccg ccgaaaaaga gaagacgctt tacccgactc tttgggccgt tatctcacgg
      361 cgaactttct gaccgagtat acaactaccc agaaggccta ggagaagtgc tgtatagaga
      421 gcagttcgac ttcaacgctg agccaccttg ggaacctagc tgatgatagg gggttccatc
      481 tcctaacttg tccattttgt tgcatattct aaggacccag acataggctt ggtggcccgt
      541 ctcttgtttt tcctggttta tgactttcgg ctttgtggaa tacggctgag atgaaaggat
      601 ttattgacga tgcgaactac tccgttggcc tgttggatga aggaacaaac cttggaaatg
      661 ttattgataa ctatgtttat gaacataccc tgacaggaaa aaatgcattt tttgtggggg
      721 atcttgggaa gatcgtgaag aagcacagtc agtggcagac cgtggtggct cagataaagc
      781 cgttttacac ggtgaagtgc aactccactc cagccgtgct tgagatcttg gcagctcttg
      841 gaactgggtt tgcttgttcc agcaaaaatg aaatggcttt agtgcaagaa ttgggtgtat
      901 ctccagaaaa catcattttc acaagtcctt gtaagcaagt gtctcagata aagtatgcag
      961 caaaagttgg agtaaatatt atgacatgtg acaatgagat tgaattaaag aaaattgcaa
     1021 ggaatcaccc aaatgccaag gtcttactac atattgcaac agaagataat attggaggtg
     1081 aagatggtaa catgaagttt ggcactacac tgaagaattg taggcatctt ttggaatgtg
     1141 ccaaggaact tgatgtccaa ataattgggg ttaaatttca tgtttcaagt gcttgcaaag
     1201 aatatcaagt atatgtacat gccctgtctg atgctcgatg tgtgtttgac atggctggag
     1261 agtttggctt tacaatgaac atgttagaca tcggtggagg cttcacagga actgaaattc
     1321 agttggaaga ggttaatcat gttatcagtc ctctgttgga tatttacttc cctgaaggat
     1381 ctggcattca gataatttca gaacctggaa gctactatgt atcttctgcg tttacacttg
     1441 cagtcaatat tattgctaag aaagttgttg aaaatgataa attttcctct ggagtagaaa
     1501 aaaatgggag tgatgagcca gccttcgtgt attacatgaa tgatggtgtt tatggttctt
     1561 ttgcgagtaa gctttctgag gacttaaata ccattccaga ggttcacaag aaatacaagg
     1621 aagatgagcc tctgtttaca agcagccttt ggggtccatc ctgtgatgag cttgatcaaa
     1681 ttgtggaaag ctgtcttctt cctgagctga atgtgggaga ttggcttatc tttgataaca
     1741 tgggagcaga ttctttccac gaaccatctg cttttaatga ttttcagagg ccagctattt
     1801 atttcatgat gtcattcagt gattggtatg agatgcaaga tgctggaatt acttcagatg
     1861 caatgatgaa aaacttcttc tttgcaccct cttgtattca gctgagccaa gaagacagct
     1921 tttccactga agcttaaaca ggcattaacg cttccttaga tctgaagtcg caggttaagc
     1981 ttgtctggtc tacattccag tgtgggggga aaaaaaatca atctttattc tgttaatttc
     2041 ttggaaacaa attcatagta atagctattt gggaccagac aaaatcagct ttcatctata
     2101 attcattggg ggtaataggg gatttagata atgtatccag agttaaacat accagtttga
     2161 cccacccctt aagcgtttaa aataaaatat gcaacaaaat ggatgactta gtggagatgg
     2221 aagcccatta actgggttcc ccatcaaatc gtttacatac aagtacacag tttttataag
     2281 gattcctgtt aaaagtcttg taaagttgat gtctttcacc cagatatatc acatgtgagt
     2341 ggaagaccag tgtgacttca ttagatacgt ttagtgtatt taggatgtgt aaatttgtgc
     2401 ttttgaactg tagtttaata aatgtaaaat tgcatcatag tatttgttgt atttgaccta
     2461 atgtaaccct tgtatgattg caataaaact ttgtgtagat cttactgttt tttcaggcta
     2521 aaactttggg aatggggcta gctagcaaag gtagttatga actagttgtg tgtggtctgt
     2581 tttgagggtt agtttcttta taacccgttt aagtttggtt tgcctcaata tactttttag
     2641 ttatttaatt agtaatttaa gtaaatgtgt ttggtaatca ttgtgaagtt cagatttatt
     2701 atggagagtt gatgtgcagt aagcatgatg tttaacaatt ttaacaccaa aaatatgtta
     2761 atcctgcata aaccaattgt aataataata ggtgtttctg tatagatagg atgcatagat
     2821 taccttagta aatctttgaa tcacaaatct tttgactgat agaaaagatt ttattaaaca
     2881 ctgaaaactt ggtgggaagg gggtaagaga ctgcagagga ctgcagaacc ctaaccttaa
     2941 agaagggcta tgtctgtctg tttccagcat cctgatgccc cttccttcgc acagacattt
     3001 atatccagag ggctttgggg tggtgaattc agcacacttt ctcacttgta atagtatcaa
     3061 attggaatgt tgttgttgtt gatattggtt taaacctagt cccttagttt cttgttattt
     3121 cccattcgtt caagcttagt aattcttcct tcgtactaaa gcttggtgga ggtggggagg
     3181 atttagcatc actaacctga cactgttgcc aggaattttg gctttgttca ctgctagtgt
     3241 gttagtccta agtctcagaa tcacagtagt aatgagacaa cttacagggg tcacttttcc
     3301 taacttactc tatgttcaca agtggaattc ctgtcctcca agaggaaatg tgacttcact
     3361 ttggtgccaa tggacagaag attctgcttg tgctacatag aagtgtggga tgcacttgaa
     3421 tagctggatc ttacaccttg atttcaaggt ggaaagaaat tgatcatgaa tctctaattt
     3481 caaatcaaac cagtaggtgc ttaatatttt tgatttgaat attgcccact tgaatatcat
     3541 gggttctatt aataataact aaggacccca gtccattgtc atctagttgt ccttggactt
     3601 ttttccaagg tataatatgg ggttttatgc aaaattccaa gctaccatat gcattgttgt
     3661 ggtccagaaa tgccaaaact taaagggtgg cacaacttga gtccttggct tgactgtact
     3721 ggcttggtct ttgtggcata tcagttgcca tctgcatagg agagtggttg tatgtaacac
     3781 agcccaaaat tgctaatctc acatgtgaat gataggtaaa cttaagaatg tctgtattgt
     3841 atttgaagac tgtttgccat aaatctaaag tcaaacctat gtatttcaat ttggtatgct
     3901 taagaataat taatgtaaaa tctttttata tgatattgta atctcagttc aaatttaatt
     3961 gcaaatataa aacccaaatg atttctatat atagtgaatt gaactgtaaa ggtaacttgt
     4021 gtgtgactct gaatacacag ataaaatgtt tttattcctc atgctttact ttgatggctt
     4081 ctatcatgaa atagacgtga aattttatga attgattttg tgtatattgc ccacgttctt
     4141 tcagaatctg ttaaaagtaa agtgatctgg ggattgccta gcacaatgaa gcttttaatg
     4201 aatggatatt catgggaccg ccttttaaaa cctgggtgat gttgagtcta ttagttgtat
     4261 tagatgttga tgctatttag tttttttgtt gttgtttttt tttttttttt tttttaaaga
     4321 acataattac taaacagttt ggcctgttga aatgaaactc catcctcagt tgttggttag
     4381 tgggtggcac gataggaatt ccattcctag ggttttcttc ccagaatacg gtaggtttaa
     4441 acaatattgt ttagagtagt ttataggcta ggatttaaaa ttagaggtag acgttcttca
     4501 tcatgtctgc ttctaacctt gcttctggca ctgaactatt ctagcagagg ccagacatct
     4561 aacccttcta gactgataat actatgcata ggaactaatg ggatctaaca gttgctaagg
     4621 ttccctgtca ctggggattg tagtcacttt gtctgacaaa tggttgaaat gacagaagtc
     4681 atcgtctata tactcttcct tattgctctg gtctactgta cattgctgcc aaatcgctga
     4741 tttaacttga agtattatgt gaaattacag tcatttggct atgtattgtt agggagtatg
     4801 ttgcatgagt ttgcagtgca gctttcatag tgagggtgaa cctgtccagg aattaaaagc
     4861 tcttggct
//
