LOCUS       NM_013912               3166 bp    mRNA    linear   ROD 11-FEB-2025
DEFINITION  Mus musculus apelin (Apln), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_013912
VERSION     NM_013912.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Mus musculus (house mouse)
  ORGANISM  Mus musculus
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha;
            Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3166)
  AUTHORS   Anima,B., Gurusubramanian,G. and Roy,V.K.
  TITLE     Hormonal dependent expression of apelin and apelin receptor in the
            ovary and uterus of mice
  JOURNAL   Reprod Biol 24 (3), 100918 (2024)
   PUBMED   38924877
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Hormonal dependent expression of apelin and apelin
            receptor in the ovary and uterus of mice.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3166)
  AUTHORS   Kilpio,T., Skarp,S., Perjes,A., Swan,J., Kaikkonen,L.,
            Saarimaki,S., Szokodi,I., Penninger,J.M., Szabo,Z., Magga,J. and
            Kerkela,R.
  TITLE     Apelin regulates skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise in a
            high-intensity interval training model
  JOURNAL   Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 326 (5), C1437-C1450 (2024)
   PUBMED   38525542
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Apelin regulates skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise in
            a high-intensity interval training model.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3166)
  AUTHORS   Anima,B., Gurusubramanian,G. and Roy,V.K.
  TITLE     Possible role of apelin on the ovarian steroidogenesis and uterine
            apoptosis of infantile mice: An in vitro study
  JOURNAL   J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 238, 106463 (2024)
   PUBMED   38246202
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Possible role of apelin on the ovarian steroidogenesis and
            uterine apoptosis of infantile mice: An in vitro study.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3166)
  AUTHORS   Adams,D.J., Barlas,B., McIntyre,R.E., Salguero,I., van der
            Weyden,L., Barros,A., Vicente,J.R., Karimpour,N., Haider,A.,
            Ranzani,M., Turner,G., Thompson,N.A., Harle,V., Olvera-Leon,R.,
            Robles-Espinoza,C.D., Speak,A.O., Geisler,N., Weninger,W.J.,
            Geyer,S.H., Hewinson,J., Karp,N.A., Fu,B., Yang,F., Kozik,Z.,
            Choudhary,J., Yu,L., van Ruiten,M.S., Rowland,B.D., Lelliott,C.J.,
            Del Castillo Velasco-Herrera,M., Verstraten,R., Bruckner,L.,
            Henssen,A.G., Rooimans,M.A., de Lange,J., Mohun,T.J., Arends,M.J.,
            Kentistou,K.A., Coelho,P.A., Zhao,Y., Zecchini,H., Perry,J.R.B.,
            Jackson,S.P. and Balmus,G.
  CONSRTM   Sanger Mouse Genetics Project
  TITLE     Genetic determinants of micronucleus formation in vivo
  JOURNAL   Nature 627 (8002), 130-136 (2024)
   PUBMED   38355793
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3166)
  AUTHORS   Anima,B., Gurusubramanian,G. and Roy,V.K.
  TITLE     Expression of Apelin and Apelin Receptor Protein in the
            Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis during the Estrous Cycle of Mice
  JOURNAL   Neuroendocrinology 114 (3), 234-249 (2024)
   PUBMED   37899035
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Expression of Apelin and Apelin Receptor Protein in the
            Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis during the Estrous Cycle of
            Mice.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3166)
  AUTHORS   Boucher,J., Masri,B., Daviaud,D., Gesta,S., Guigne,C.,
            Mazzucotelli,A., Castan-Laurell,I., Tack,I., Knibiehler,B.,
            Carpene,C., Audigier,Y., Saulnier-Blache,J.S. and Valet,P.
  TITLE     Apelin, a newly identified adipokine up-regulated by insulin and
            obesity
  JOURNAL   Endocrinology 146 (4), 1764-1771 (2005)
   PUBMED   15677759
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Insulin and obesity up-regulate apelin in adipocytes.
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3166)
  AUTHORS   Saint-Geniez,M., Masri,B., Malecaze,F., Knibiehler,B. and
            Audigier,Y.
  TITLE     Expression of the murine msr/apj receptor and its ligand apelin is
            upregulated during formation of the retinal vessels
  JOURNAL   Mech Dev 110 (1-2), 183-186 (2002)
   PUBMED   11744380
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Expression of the murine msr/apj receptor and its ligand
            apelin is upregulated during formation of the retinal vessels.
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3166)
  AUTHORS   Reaux,A., De Mota,N., Skultetyova,I., Lenkei,Z., El Messari,S.,
            Gallatz,K., Corvol,P., Palkovits,M. and Llorens-Cortes,C.
  TITLE     Physiological role of a novel neuropeptide, apelin, and its
            receptor in the rat brain
  JOURNAL   J Neurochem 77 (4), 1085-1096 (2001)
   PUBMED   11359874
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3166)
  AUTHORS   Habata,Y., Fujii,R., Hosoya,M., Fukusumi,S., Kawamata,Y.,
            Hinuma,S., Kitada,C., Nishizawa,N., Murosaki,S., Kurokawa,T.,
            Onda,H., Tatemoto,K. and Fujino,M.
  TITLE     Apelin, the natural ligand of the orphan receptor APJ, is
            abundantly secreted in the colostrum
  JOURNAL   Biochim Biophys Acta 1452 (1), 25-35 (1999)
   PUBMED   10525157
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3166)
  AUTHORS   Tatemoto,K., Hosoya,M., Habata,Y., Fujii,R., Kakegawa,T., Zou,M.X.,
            Kawamata,Y., Fukusumi,S., Hinuma,S., Kitada,C., Kurokawa,T.,
            Onda,H. and Fujino,M.
  TITLE     Isolation and characterization of a novel endogenous peptide ligand
            for the human APJ receptor
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 251 (2), 471-476 (1998)
   PUBMED   9792798
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AL672274.7 and DQ832282.1.
            
            On Jul 15, 2016 this sequence version replaced NM_013912.3.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes the neuropeptide Apelin, an endogenous
            ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. This gene is highly
            expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues and
            the encoded preproprotein undergoes proteolytic processing to
            generate mature peptides of different sizes that are secreted into
            the plasma. These peptides play important roles in a broad range of
            physiological processes such as cardiac contractility, blood
            pressure, blood vessel growth, appetite and drink behavior, and
            pituitary hormone secretion. Mice lacking the encoded protein
            develop progressive heart failure and exhibit a shorter bleeding
            time, prothrombotic profile and increased bone mass. [provided by
            RefSeq, Jul 2016].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: DQ832282.1, BC020015.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMN00849387, SAMN01164131
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-12                AL672274.7         10504-10515         c
            13-3166             DQ832282.1         1-3154
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3166
                     /organism="Mus musculus"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /strain="C57BL/6"
                     /db_xref="taxon:10090"
                     /chromosome="X"
                     /map="X 25.48 cM"
     gene            1..3166
                     /gene="Apln"
                     /gene_synonym="6030430G11Rik; Apel"
                     /note="apelin"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:30878"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:1353624"
     exon            1..415
                     /gene="Apln"
                     /gene_synonym="6030430G11Rik; Apel"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             349..582
                     /gene="Apln"
                     /gene_synonym="6030430G11Rik; Apel"
                     /note="preproapelin; APJ endogenous ligand"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="apelin preproprotein"
                     /protein_id="NP_038940.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS40958.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:30878"
                     /db_xref="MGI:MGI:1353624"
                     /translation="MNLRLCVQALLLLWLSLTAVCGVPLMLPPDGTGLEEGSMRYLVK
                     PRTSRTGPGAWQGGRRKFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF"
     exon            416..587
                     /gene="Apln"
                     /gene_synonym="6030430G11Rik; Apel"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            588..3149
                     /gene="Apln"
                     /gene_synonym="6030430G11Rik; Apel"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      3124..3129
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="Apln"
                     /gene_synonym="6030430G11Rik; Apel"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      3149
                     /gene="Apln"
                     /gene_synonym="6030430G11Rik; Apel"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 ggaagcattc tctctaacag cctggaccaa cgggtagttg ggagtcgcgg gcagagcagc
       61 gtcagccact tagagagttt ttgccgccga cccgaagcca ccaaggccag cttcgcggcg
      121 ctgccccgcg gcggcagaga aggctgcacc aagagcagag gcagcgagca ggagtggggc
      181 aggcagccag cggtgcggct ggggcgctca ccctcccgcg gtccgggagc cacgcgagct
      241 ccgtgcccgc acgcgccagc cccggctcgc gcctttcttt gcgtccgggt gccctgcctc
      301 tccgcccact cgccggctcc tctgggctgc cgcggaccga gttgcagcat gaatctgagg
      361 ctctgcgtgc aggcgctgct gctgctctgg ctctccttga ctgcagtttg tggagtgcca
      421 ctgatgttgc ctccagatgg aacaggacta gaagaaggaa gcatgcgcta cctggtgaag
      481 cccagaactt cgaggactgg accaggagcc tggcagggag gcaggaggaa atttcgcaga
      541 cagcgccccc ggctctccca taagggcccc atgcctttct aaagcaggat tgaagggctc
      601 gccaagtgcc ctcccggtgc cggtctctct actccacaga tgaattctct tctctggaac
      661 cctcacatct atttggcttt catcttgcac ctgttctagc tgctgatggt cccggctctt
      721 ctcacccacc aagttcctct aatggcgtgg tctcgcccct cacttggatg atttcattcc
      781 tctcacaagg atccctttgg cccatcctcc tggccactct ttggactgcc cttggagacc
      841 cagcttctcc ttgacctgtt ccatgcggta gtccctatct ttcagccgta gccttctctt
      901 ggctcttccc tcttttcatt tgccttgggc actggacaag aacactccct tctccagtgg
      961 attccagcac atccatgctt tcttatcaat tggacctctt gcctggaagg gagcgccgag
     1021 atgtgcaatg agacttcggt tgagaggggt tgggtgttgg ggtccagata aggtgcactg
     1081 gggaaactga atggtgggcg tgaggaaggg gtgtggcgaa atagctgcca cagcctcttc
     1141 cttagctctc tctggccctg ttaaaggaag acgcaaagga aaggagccca tgaagttcta
     1201 tgtcaccgtg ccttctaatg tcttcgctct ctctgttcta ttgcagcttg ttcagtcccc
     1261 aggtcagaag gggagagtgt ggatcctgac atggttctat actcttctgg gggtaatttt
     1321 gccaaaaaaa taatcccaac caatcaacca accaaccaaa taacccacag aaagtcagag
     1381 cccaaaggac ccttgaagat cacttagctc ccttatgcaa aagcttgcac aaataggccc
     1441 tggagaggga agtaacctgc ttagagccac tgcagagccc cacagggcac cagggccctc
     1501 aactcccact ttatgatgcc ctttttcctc ttgatgatgt cctttcaaag caaatgaagt
     1561 gccttttgct gggtttagtg aagcgggtgg ctaggaagga agagcaggga gagacaagcc
     1621 agctgtgaac tgctttgtgt gagaatggag catctccctc ccaacgtggc ccggaatagt
     1681 ccctaagtgg tgaaatgtac cccacacagg cctattccca ggctcatgcc attttaattg
     1741 gggttctcag gcactgaaac taccatttag cccctgacac tggttgtcat gaacccctgt
     1801 gttgactgcg cccttgatct tggggctttt gggggatgga gaaaggcaaa gaaaggaagg
     1861 agaggtggaa gaaggaagga gagatgggag gatgtgtagg tgggatctat cactccacca
     1921 agggggtctc atctctcacc aggagccttt tgtagccctt ccctgaaggg agaccctcat
     1981 cttctctgcc tgagcacatg ttcttctcag aggcctctca ggagggagaa aagagaagac
     2041 agaagctcga tattcactta tatatgtgta gggtaggggg agtcaggacc cccaagcccc
     2101 ataataacct gattgcctat tcatcctttc ccaaagcctt cctatctgct gctgctaatg
     2161 ctgctgctgc tgcctctgct gccgtttcaa ggcccaccct ggggagcagg gccaggcata
     2221 gcgtcctcac ctcttgggct agaagtggga gctggctggc gcctcttcta ctgctggtac
     2281 ccctaccagg gaccgggcct tctccgtctt tgtcgtttct gcacctcctg ccttatcagc
     2341 ctgccatggc cagccccaca gggaaaggga ggggggaata ttggctgaga aagaggagag
     2401 atagaagcac aagaggggag taaacgggcc cagtgggctg tcttatttaa agtggttatg
     2461 tgtatttctt atactaattt atatagagat attaaggccc tttgagttag agaaactgtc
     2521 cccttcccat aagtgtgttc gctatgtttg taaaaattgt tccatgtaaa tatgtcttta
     2581 taataaagag ttaaaagttg acagtttgcc cttactcttt gaggtcatat tcaggagggc
     2641 attctttttc tcctagggcc aatcttgtcc ctgtgcccac agattgcacg tgtagggagg
     2701 tgagtgcttg tatcccaaat tggttctagg tcaactggcc tcaaactgat ttgccacaag
     2761 ctcacaaaaa gactcgctat gcttaagggc cagttcacat aaatttgagc cccttttaag
     2821 tcctttggca tctgttcgaa tgtcctcatt tttctggcag tgtcacttaa aggatttttt
     2881 ttccagaagc aattcattta aggacacgct gatcaaaggt gggatttgta ctaaacgctg
     2941 ttttgtagcc ctggtgggtg ccttctgttt tatctgcttt tgaatacttt cgggactttt
     3001 tagccagttt gcctttcttg acaaatgttg tcctcagcca taaatacatt tggtaatgac
     3061 tttgtatgta tcgttttatt gtttcacaaa gtggagttgc ttgatgaatg agataacctg
     3121 gaaaataaac ttcgaggagt tcgataggaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaa
//
