LOCUS       NM_012473               1336 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 19-SEP-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens thioredoxin 2 (TXN2), mRNA; nuclear gene for
            mitochondrial product.
ACCESSION   NM_012473
VERSION     NM_012473.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1336)
  AUTHORS   Kim,H.J., Cha,S., Choi,J.S., Lee,J.Y., Kim,K.E., Kim,J.K., Kim,J.,
            Moon,S.Y., Lee,S.H.S., Park,K. and Won,S.Y.
  TITLE     scAAV2-Mediated Expression of Thioredoxin 2 and C3 Transferase
            Prevents Retinal Ganglion Cell Death and Lowers Intraocular
            Pressure in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma
  JOURNAL   Int J Mol Sci 24 (22), 16253 (2023)
   PUBMED   38003443
  REMARK    GeneRIF: scAAV2-Mediated Expression of Thioredoxin 2 and C3
            Transferase Prevents Retinal Ganglion Cell Death and Lowers
            Intraocular Pressure in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1336)
  AUTHORS   Usategui-Martin,R., Perez-Castrillon,J.L., Mansego,M.L.,
            Lara-Hernandez,F., Manzano,I., Briongos,L., Abadia-Otero,J.,
            Martin-Vallejo,J., Garcia-Garcia,A.B., Martin-Escudero,J.C. and
            Chaves,F.J.
  TITLE     Association between genetic variants in oxidative stress-related
            genes and osteoporotic bone fracture. The Hortega follow-up study
  JOURNAL   Gene 809, 146036 (2022)
   PUBMED   34688818
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Association between genetic variants in oxidative
            stress-related genes and osteoporotic bone fracture. The Hortega
            follow-up study.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1336)
  AUTHORS   Morgenstern,M., Peikert,C.D., Lubbert,P., Suppanz,I., Klemm,C.,
            Alka,O., Steiert,C., Naumenko,N., Schendzielorz,A., Melchionda,L.,
            Muhlhauser,W.W.D., Knapp,B., Busch,J.D., Stiller,S.B.,
            Dannenmaier,S., Lindau,C., Licheva,M., Eickhorst,C., Galbusera,R.,
            Zerbes,R.M., Ryan,M.T., Kraft,C., Kozjak-Pavlovic,V., Drepper,F.,
            Dennerlein,S., Oeljeklaus,S., Pfanner,N., Wiedemann,N. and
            Warscheid,B.
  TITLE     Quantitative high-confidence human mitochondrial proteome and its
            dynamics in cellular context
  JOURNAL   Cell Metab 33 (12), 2464-2483 (2021)
   PUBMED   34800366
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1336)
  AUTHORS   Li,K.Y., Xiang,X.J., Song,L., Chen,J., Luo,B., Wen,Q.X.,
            Zhong,B.R., Zhou,G.F., Deng,X.J., Ma,Y.L., Hu,L.T. and Chen,G.J.
  TITLE     Mitochondrial TXN2 attenuates amyloidogenesis via selective
            inhibition of BACE1 expression
  JOURNAL   J Neurochem 157 (4), 1351-1365 (2021)
   PUBMED   32920833
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Mitochondrial TXN2 attenuates amyloidogenesis via
            selective inhibition of BACE1 expression.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1336)
  AUTHORS   Wei,B. and Li,F.
  TITLE     Mechanisms of Trx2/ASK1-Mediated Mitochondrial Injury in Pemphigus
            Vulgaris
  JOURNAL   Biomed Res Int 2021, 2471518 (2021)
   PUBMED   33763469
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Mechanisms of Trx2/ASK1-Mediated Mitochondrial Injury in
            Pemphigus Vulgaris.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1336)
  AUTHORS   Cebrian,A., Pharoah,P.D., Ahmed,S., Smith,P.L., Luccarini,C.,
            Luben,R., Redman,K., Munday,H., Easton,D.F., Dunning,A.M. and
            Ponder,B.A.
  TITLE     Tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms in antioxidant defense
            enzymes and susceptibility to breast cancer
  JOURNAL   Cancer Res 66 (2), 1225-1233 (2006)
   PUBMED   16424062
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE
            Navigator)
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1336)
  AUTHORS   Collins,J.E., Wright,C.L., Edwards,C.A., Davis,M.P., Grinham,J.A.,
            Cole,C.G., Goward,M.E., Aguado,B., Mallya,M., Mokrab,Y.,
            Huckle,E.J., Beare,D.M. and Dunham,I.
  TITLE     A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome
  JOURNAL   Genome Biol 5 (10), R84 (2004)
   PUBMED   15461802
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1336)
  AUTHORS   Damdimopoulos,A.E., Miranda-Vizuete,A., Pelto-Huikko,M.,
            Gustafsson,J.A. and Spyrou,G.
  TITLE     Human mitochondrial thioredoxin. Involvement in mitochondrial
            membrane potential and cell death
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 277 (36), 33249-33257 (2002)
   PUBMED   12080052
  REMARK    GeneRIF: MT-TRX has a role in the regulation of the mitochondrial
            membrane potential and cell death
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1336)
  AUTHORS   Chen,Y., Cai,J., Murphy,T.J. and Jones,D.P.
  TITLE     Overexpressed human mitochondrial thioredoxin confers resistance to
            oxidant-induced apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 277 (36), 33242-33248 (2002)
   PUBMED   12032145
  REMARK    GeneRIF: mitochondrial thioredoxin may play important roles in
            protection against oxidant-induced apoptosis
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1336)
  AUTHORS   Dunham,I., Shimizu,N., Roe,B.A., Chissoe,S., Hunt,A.R.,
            Collins,J.E., Bruskiewich,R., Beare,D.M., Clamp,M., Smink,L.J.,
            Ainscough,R., Almeida,J.P., Babbage,A., Bagguley,C., Bailey,J.,
            Barlow,K., Bates,K.N., Beasley,O., Bird,C.P., Blakey,S.,
            Bridgeman,A.M., Buck,D., Burgess,J., Burrill,W.D., O'Brien,K.P. et
            al.
  TITLE     The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22
  JOURNAL   Nature 402 (6761), 489-495 (1999)
   PUBMED   10591208
  REMARK    Erratum:[Nature 2000 Apr 20;404(6780):904]
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AL022313.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Nov 25, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_012473.3.
            
            Summary: This nuclear gene encodes a mitochondrial member of the
            thioredoxin family, a group of small multifunctional redox-active
            proteins. The encoded protein may play important roles in the
            regulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and in
            protection against oxidant-induced apoptosis. [provided by RefSeq,
            Jul 2008].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR3476690.1074468.1,
                                           SRR3476690.1132764.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA2152474, SAMEA2152568
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            gene product(s) localized to mito. :: reported by MitoCarta
            MANE Ensembl match                 :: ENST00000216185.7/
                                                  ENSP00000216185.2
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on conservation,
                                                  expression, longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-77                AL022313.1         33862-33938         c
            78-340              AL022313.1         32873-33135         c
            341-464             AL022313.1         29031-29154         c
            465-1336            AL022313.1         19344-20215         c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1336
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="22"
                     /map="22q12.3"
     gene            1..1336
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="COXPD29; MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2; TXN"
                     /note="thioredoxin 2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:25828"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:17772"
                     /db_xref="MIM:609063"
     exon            1..77
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="COXPD29; MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2; TXN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             78..578
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="COXPD29; MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2; TXN"
                     /note="thioredoxin, mitochondrial; mitochondrial
                     thioredoxin"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="thioredoxin, mitochondrial precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_036605.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS13928.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:25828"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:17772"
                     /db_xref="MIM:609063"
                     /translation="MAQRLLLRRFLASVISRKPSQGQWPPLTSRALQTPQCSPGGLTV
                     TPNPARTIYTTRISLTTFNIQDGPDFQDRVVNSETPVVVDFHAQWCGPCKILGPRLEK
                     MVAKQHGKVVMAKVDIDDHTDLAIEYEVSAVPTVLAMKNGDVVDKFVGIKDEDQLEAF
                     LKKLIG"
     exon            78..340
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="COXPD29; MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2; TXN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            341..464
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="COXPD29; MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2; TXN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            465..1336
                     /gene="TXN2"
                     /gene_synonym="COXPD29; MT-TRX; MTRX; TRX2; TXN"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
ORIGIN      
        1 gaggaagtga cgacaggcgt gcccttgaca ggcagggagg gctaggctgt gcatccctcc
       61 gctcgcattg cagggagatg gctcagcgac ttcttctgag gaggttcctg gcctctgtca
      121 tctccaggaa gccctctcag ggtcagtggc cacccctcac ttccagagcc ctgcagaccc
      181 cacaatgcag tcctggtggc ctgactgtaa cacccaaccc agcccggaca atatacacca
      241 cgaggatctc cttgacaacc tttaatatcc aggatggacc tgactttcaa gaccgagtgg
      301 tcaacagtga gacaccagtg gttgtggatt tccacgcaca gtggtgtgga ccctgcaaga
      361 tcctggggcc gaggttagag aagatggtgg ccaagcagca cgggaaggtg gtgatggcca
      421 aggtggatat tgatgaccac acagacctcg ccattgagta tgaggtgtca gcggtgccca
      481 ctgtgctggc catgaagaat ggggacgtgg tggacaagtt tgtgggcatc aaggatgagg
      541 atcagttgga ggccttcctg aagaagctga ttggctgaca agcagggatg agtcctggtt
      601 cccttgcccg cgtgggaccc caatagaact cagcccttcc atgccagccc ttcctgctgc
      661 ctccctcctg tctggctcct ggggcccatg cttagagccc aggctccagc cctgagtgct
      721 tccgagctgg cggactgccc aggggccatc agaggatggt ggtgctgctg ctgatccggg
      781 gaccgctgtc ttccctccca tacgcctttc atccctcctt ctagggccta tggcagttct
      841 cccaggatgt gtggcgagag cctgggccag cccacagcgt tcctagtcag gcagccacac
      901 cttggtcctc atcttggtcc cttccaatct gaaacctcgt gcctggctcg tctgccacct
      961 acatttctct ttccagctgc tgttttgtaa aaagaaaaag aaaaaagaag cccaaactag
     1021 tgagagtaat atctaattat ctcatttttt gtaggtctgt gataaagaac ttagtcatcc
     1081 cttccacctc ctactgtgaa gaacagaccc tgggtcccac actgaaatcc cctctagtca
     1141 cccattccca ccccccaggg agctgcctcc caggcagggg gtgcagaaaa tgattgatgg
     1201 gctggggaac cctggagagc ctcgactccg gaagtctcaa ggtgcctcct cctctcctta
     1261 gctggcccgt tggttttctg agcagggggc tgaactgtga acaagtcaga caaataaagc
     1321 aagggtctgc accatc
//
