LOCUS       NM_003329                737 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 19-AUG-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens thioredoxin (TXN), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_003329
VERSION     NM_003329.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 737)
  AUTHORS   Beothe,T., Docs,J., Kovacs,G. and Peterfi,L.
  TITLE     Increased level of TXNIP and nuclear translocation of TXN is
            associated with end stage renal disease and development of
            multiplex renal tumours
  JOURNAL   BMC Nephrol 25 (1), 227 (2024)
   PUBMED   39020292
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Increased level of TXNIP and nuclear translocation of TXN
            is associated with end stage renal disease and development of
            multiplex renal tumours.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 737)
  AUTHORS   Geeson,M.B., Hsiao,J.C., Tsamouri,L.P., Ball,D.P. and
            Bachovchin,D.A.
  TITLE     The interaction between NLRP1 and oxidized TRX1 involves a
            transient disulfide bond
  JOURNAL   Cell Chem Biol 31 (5), 955-961 (2024)
   PUBMED   38215746
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The interaction between NLRP1 and oxidized TRX1 involves a
            transient disulfide bond.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 737)
  AUTHORS   Zhang,Z., Shibata,T., Fujimura,A., Kitaura,J., Miyake,K., Ohto,U.
            and Shimizu,T.
  TITLE     Structural basis for thioredoxin-mediated suppression of NLRP1
            inflammasome
  JOURNAL   Nature 622 (7981), 188-194 (2023)
   PUBMED   37704723
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Structural basis for thioredoxin-mediated suppression of
            NLRP1 inflammasome.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 737)
  AUTHORS   Li,Z., Gu,Z., Wang,L., Guan,Y., Lyu,Y., Zhang,J., Wang,Y., Wang,X.,
            Xiong,J. and Liu,Y.
  TITLE     Nuclear Translocation of LDHA Promotes the Catabolism of BCAAs to
            Sustain GBM Cell Proliferation through the TxN Antioxidant Pathway
  JOURNAL   Int J Mol Sci 24 (11), 9365 (2023)
   PUBMED   37298317
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Nuclear Translocation of LDHA Promotes the Catabolism of
            BCAAs to Sustain GBM Cell Proliferation through the TxN Antioxidant
            Pathway.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 737)
  AUTHORS   Toczewska,J., Baczynska,D., Zalewska,A., Maciejczyk,M. and
            Konopka,T.
  TITLE     The mRNA expression of genes encoding selected antioxidant enzymes
            and thioredoxin, and the concentrations of their protein products
            in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva during periodontitis
  JOURNAL   Dent Med Probl 60 (2), 255-265 (2023)
   PUBMED   37390459
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The mRNA expression of genes encoding selected antioxidant
            enzymes and thioredoxin, and the concentrations of their protein
            products in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva during
            periodontitis.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 737)
  AUTHORS   Rubartelli,A., Bajetto,A., Allavena,G., Wollman,E. and Sitia,R.
  TITLE     Secretion of thioredoxin by normal and neoplastic cells through a
            leaderless secretory pathway
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 267 (34), 24161-24164 (1992)
   PUBMED   1332947
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 737)
  AUTHORS   Tonissen,K.F. and Wells,J.R.
  TITLE     Isolation and characterization of human thioredoxin-encoding genes
  JOURNAL   Gene 102 (2), 221-228 (1991)
   PUBMED   1874447
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 737)
  AUTHORS   Forman-Kay,J.D., Clore,G.M., Wingfield,P.T. and Gronenborn,A.M.
  TITLE     High-resolution three-dimensional structure of reduced recombinant
            human thioredoxin in solution
  JOURNAL   Biochemistry 30 (10), 2685-2698 (1991)
   PUBMED   2001356
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 737)
  AUTHORS   Martin,H. and Dean,M.
  TITLE     Identification of a thioredoxin-related protein associated with
            plasma membranes
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 175 (1), 123-128 (1991)
   PUBMED   1998498
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 737)
  AUTHORS   Jacquot,J.P., de Lamotte,F., Fontecave,M., Schurmann,P.,
            Decottignies,P., Miginiac-Maslow,M. and Wollman,E.
  TITLE     Human thioredoxin reactivity-structure/function relationship
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 173 (3), 1375-1381 (1990)
   PUBMED   2176490
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from BC054866.1, BQ774337.1 and
            AL158158.14.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_003329.3.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene acts as a homodimer and
            is involved in many redox reactions. The encoded protein is active
            in the reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteines in certain proteins,
            which is part of the response to intracellular nitric oxide. This
            protein is found in the cytoplasm. Two transcript variants encoding
            different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by
            RefSeq, Oct 2011].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer
            transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BM834503.1, SRR1163658.548763.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1968540, SAMEA2152474
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000374517.6/ ENSP00000363641.5
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-525               BC054866.1         5-529
            526-735             BQ774337.1         19-228              c
            736-737             AL158158.14        8123-8124           c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..737
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="9"
                     /map="9q31.3"
     gene            1..737
                     /gene="TXN"
                     /gene_synonym="TRDX; TRX; TRX1; Trx80; TXN1"
                     /note="thioredoxin"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:7295"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:12435"
                     /db_xref="MIM:187700"
     exon            1..96
                     /gene="TXN"
                     /gene_synonym="TRDX; TRX; TRX1; Trx80; TXN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             73..390
                     /gene="TXN"
                     /gene_synonym="TRDX; TRX; TRX1; Trx80; TXN1"
                     /note="isoform 1 is encoded by transcript variant 1; ADF;
                     SASP; ATL-derived factor; surface-associated sulphydryl
                     protein; TXN delta 3; thioredoxin delta 3; testicular
                     tissue protein Li 199"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="thioredoxin isoform 1"
                     /protein_id="NP_003320.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS35103.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:7295"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:12435"
                     /db_xref="MIM:187700"
                     /translation="MVKQIESKTAFQEALDAAGDKLVVVDFSATWCGPCKMIKPFFHS
                     LSEKYSNVIFLEVDVDDCQDVASECEVKCMPTFQFFKKGQKVGEFSGANKEKLEATIN
                     ELV"
     exon            97..201
                     /gene="TXN"
                     /gene_synonym="TRDX; TRX; TRX1; Trx80; TXN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            202..261
                     /gene="TXN"
                     /gene_synonym="TRDX; TRX; TRX1; Trx80; TXN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            262..327
                     /gene="TXN"
                     /gene_synonym="TRDX; TRX; TRX1; Trx80; TXN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            328..737
                     /gene="TXN"
                     /gene_synonym="TRDX; TRX; TRX1; Trx80; TXN1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      501..506
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="TXN"
                     /gene_synonym="TRDX; TRX; TRX1; Trx80; TXN1"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      531
                     /gene="TXN"
                     /gene_synonym="TRDX; TRX; TRX1; Trx80; TXN1"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      558..563
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="TXN"
                     /gene_synonym="TRDX; TRX; TRX1; Trx80; TXN1"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      585
                     /gene="TXN"
                     /gene_synonym="TRDX; TRX; TRX1; Trx80; TXN1"
     regulatory      711..716
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="TXN"
                     /gene_synonym="TRDX; TRX; TRX1; Trx80; TXN1"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      737
                     /gene="TXN"
                     /gene_synonym="TRDX; TRX; TRX1; Trx80; TXN1"
ORIGIN      
        1 gaagctctgt ttggtgcttt ggatccattt ccatcggtcc ttacagccgc tcgtcagact
       61 ccagcagcca agatggtgaa gcagatcgag agcaagactg cttttcagga agccttggac
      121 gctgcaggtg ataaacttgt agtagttgac ttctcagcca cgtggtgtgg gccttgcaaa
      181 atgatcaagc ctttctttca ttccctctct gaaaagtatt ccaacgtgat attccttgaa
      241 gtagatgtgg atgactgtca ggatgttgct tcagagtgtg aagtcaaatg catgccaaca
      301 ttccagtttt ttaagaaggg acaaaaggtg ggtgaatttt ctggagccaa taaggaaaag
      361 cttgaagcca ccattaatga attagtctaa tcatgttttc tgaaaatata accagccatt
      421 ggctatttaa aacttgtaat ttttttaatt tacaaaaata taaaatatga agacataaac
      481 ccagttgcca tctgcgtgac aataaaacat taatgctaac actttttaaa accgtctcat
      541 gtctgaatag ctttcaaaat aaatgtgaaa tggtcattta atgtattttc ctatattctc
      601 aatcactttt tagtaacctt gtaggccact gattatttta agattttaaa aattattatt
      661 gctaccttaa tgtattgcta caaaaatctc ttgttggggg caatgcaggt aataaagtag
      721 tatgttgtta tttgtta
//
