LOCUS       NM_000594               1678 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 12-NOV-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens tumor necrosis factor (TNF), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_000594
VERSION     NM_000594.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1678)
  AUTHORS   Tao,W., Wang,X., Yang,M., Zhou,X., Yin,M., Yang,Y. and Li,Y.
  TITLE     Investigations of associations between TNF-alpha promoter
            polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes
            mellitus: A cross-sectional study in Chinese Han population
  JOURNAL   Int J Immunogenet 51 (6), 388-396 (2024)
   PUBMED   39387337
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Investigations of associations between TNF-alpha promoter
            polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes
            mellitus: A cross-sectional study in Chinese Han population.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1678)
  AUTHORS   Gao,K., Liu,Y., Sun,C., Wang,Y., Bao,H., Liu,G., Ou,J. and Sun,P.
  TITLE     TNF-a induces mitochondrial dysfunction to drive
            NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in MCF-7 cells
  JOURNAL   Sci Rep 14 (1), 25880 (2024)
   PUBMED   39468189
  REMARK    GeneRIF: TNF-a induces mitochondrial dysfunction to drive
            NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in MCF-7 cells.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1678)
  AUTHORS   Ge,Y.L., Li,P.J., Bu,Y.R., Zhang,B., Xu,J., He,S.Y., Cao,Q.L.,
            Bai,Y.G., Ma,J., Zhang,L., Zhou,J. and Xie,M.J.
  TITLE     TNF-alpha and RPLP0 drive the apoptosis of endothelial cells and
            increase susceptibility to high-altitude pulmonary edema
  JOURNAL   Apoptosis 29 (9-10), 1600-1618 (2024)
   PUBMED   39110356
  REMARK    GeneRIF: TNF-alpha and RPLP0 drive the apoptosis of endothelial
            cells and increase susceptibility to high-altitude pulmonary edema.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1678)
  AUTHORS   Subramani,M., Lambrecht,B. and Ahmad,I.
  TITLE     Human microglia-derived proinflammatory cytokines facilitate human
            retinal ganglion cell development and regeneration
  JOURNAL   Stem Cell Reports 19 (8), 1092-1106 (2024)
   PUBMED   39059376
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Human microglia-derived proinflammatory cytokines
            facilitate human retinal ganglion cell development and
            regeneration.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1678)
  AUTHORS   Hayderi,A., Zegeye,M.M., Meydan,S., Sirsjo,A., Kumawat,A.K. and
            Ljungberg,L.U.
  TITLE     TNF Induces Laminin-332-Encoding Genes in Endothelial Cells and
            Laminin-332 Promotes an Atherogenic Endothelial Phenotype
  JOURNAL   Int J Mol Sci 25 (16), 8699 (2024)
   PUBMED   39201392
  REMARK    GeneRIF: TNF Induces Laminin-332-Encoding Genes in Endothelial
            Cells and Laminin-332 Promotes an Atherogenic Endothelial
            Phenotype.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1678)
  AUTHORS   Buonaguro,L., Barillari,G., Chang,H.K., Bohan,C.A., Kao,V.,
            Morgan,R., Gallo,R.C. and Ensoli,B.
  TITLE     Effects of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein on
            the expression of inflammatory cytokines
  JOURNAL   J Virol 66 (12), 7159-7167 (1992)
   PUBMED   1279199
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1678)
  AUTHORS   Zhang,X.M., Weber,I. and Chen,M.J.
  TITLE     Site-directed mutational analysis of human tumor necrosis
            factor-alpha receptor binding site and structure-functional
            relationship
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 267 (33), 24069-24075 (1992)
   PUBMED   1331108
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1678)
  AUTHORS   Stevenson,F.T., Bursten,S.L., Locksley,R.M. and Lovett,D.H.
  TITLE     Myristyl acylation of the tumor necrosis factor alpha precursor on
            specific lysine residues
  JOURNAL   J Exp Med 176 (4), 1053-1062 (1992)
   PUBMED   1402651
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1678)
  AUTHORS   Stephens,J.M. and Pekala,P.H.
  TITLE     Transcriptional repression of the C/EBP-alpha and GLUT4 genes in
            3T3-L1 adipocytes by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Regulations is
            coordinate and independent of protein synthesis
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 267 (19), 13580-13584 (1992)
   PUBMED   1618860
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1678)
  AUTHORS   Spriggs,D.R., Deutsch,S. and Kufe,D.W.
  TITLE     Genomic structure, induction, and production of TNF-alpha
  JOURNAL   Immunol Ser 56, 3-34 (1992)
   PUBMED   1550865
  REMARK    Review article
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AL662801.7, BP215875.1,
            BC028148.1 and CA306559.1.
            This sequence is a reference standard in the RefSeqGene project.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_000594.3.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a multifunctional proinflammatory
            cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
            superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophages. It
            can bind to, and thus functions through its receptors
            TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. This cytokine is involved in the
            regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including
            cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism,
            and coagulation. This cytokine has been implicated in a variety of
            diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance,
            psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis ankylosing spondylitis,
            tuberculosis, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and
            cancer. Mutations in this gene affect susceptibility to cerebral
            malaria, septic shock, and Alzheimer disease. Knockout studies in
            mice also suggested the neuroprotective function of this cytokine.
            [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BC028148.1, X01394.1 [ECO:0000332]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            coronavirus related    :: involved in cytokine storm inflammatory
                                      response
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000449264.3/ ENSP00000398698.2
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-2                 AL662801.7         48236-48237
            3-539               BP215875.1         1-537
            540-1674            BC028148.1         520-1654
            1675-1678           CA306559.1         11-14               c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1678
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="6"
                     /map="6p21.33"
     gene            1..1678
                     /gene="TNF"
                     /gene_synonym="DIF; IMD127; TNF-alpha; TNFA; TNFSF2;
                     TNLG1F"
                     /note="tumor necrosis factor"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:7124"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:11892"
                     /db_xref="MIM:191160"
     exon            1..363
                     /gene="TNF"
                     /gene_synonym="DIF; IMD127; TNF-alpha; TNFA; TNFSF2;
                     TNLG1F"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             178..879
                     /gene="TNF"
                     /gene_synonym="DIF; IMD127; TNF-alpha; TNFA; TNFSF2;
                     TNLG1F"
                     /note="TNF, monocyte-derived; TNF, macrophage-derived;
                     APC1 protein; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TNF-a; tumor
                     necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2; tumor
                     necrosis factor ligand 1F; tumor necrotic factor alpha"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="tumor necrosis factor"
                     /protein_id="NP_000585.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS4702.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:7124"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:11892"
                     /db_xref="MIM:191160"
                     /translation="MSTESMIRDVELAEEALPKKTGGPQGSRRCLFLSLFSFLIVAGA
                     TTLFCLLHFGVIGPQREEFPRDLSLISPLAQAVRSSSRTPSDKPVAHVVANPQAEGQL
                     QWLNRRANALLANGVELRDNQLVVPSEGLYLIYSQVLFKGQGCPSTHVLLTHTISRIA
                     VSYQTKVNLLSAIKSPCQRETPEGAEAKPWYEPIYLGGVFQLEKGDRLSAEINRPDYL
                     DFAESGQVYFGIIAL"
     exon            364..409
                     /gene="TNF"
                     /gene_synonym="DIF; IMD127; TNF-alpha; TNFA; TNFSF2;
                     TNLG1F"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            410..457
                     /gene="TNF"
                     /gene_synonym="DIF; IMD127; TNF-alpha; TNFA; TNFSF2;
                     TNLG1F"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            458..1678
                     /gene="TNF"
                     /gene_synonym="DIF; IMD127; TNF-alpha; TNFA; TNFSF2;
                     TNLG1F"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      1655..1660
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="TNF"
                     /gene_synonym="DIF; IMD127; TNF-alpha; TNFA; TNFSF2;
                     TNLG1F"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      1678
                     /gene="TNF"
                     /gene_synonym="DIF; IMD127; TNF-alpha; TNFA; TNFSF2;
                     TNLG1F"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 agcagacgct ccctcagcaa ggacagcaga ggaccagcta agagggagag aagcaactac
       61 agaccccccc tgaaaacaac cctcagacgc cacatcccct gacaagctgc caggcaggtt
      121 ctcttcctct cacatactga cccacggctc caccctctct cccctggaaa ggacaccatg
      181 agcactgaaa gcatgatccg ggacgtggag ctggccgagg aggcgctccc caagaagaca
      241 ggggggcccc agggctccag gcggtgcttg ttcctcagcc tcttctcctt cctgatcgtg
      301 gcaggcgcca ccacgctctt ctgcctgctg cactttggag tgatcggccc ccagagggaa
      361 gagttcccca gggacctctc tctaatcagc cctctggccc aggcagtcag atcatcttct
      421 cgaaccccga gtgacaagcc tgtagcccat gttgtagcaa accctcaagc tgaggggcag
      481 ctccagtggc tgaaccgccg ggccaatgcc ctcctggcca atggcgtgga gctgagagat
      541 aaccagctgg tggtgccatc agagggcctg tacctcatct actcccaggt cctcttcaag
      601 ggccaaggct gcccctccac ccatgtgctc ctcacccaca ccatcagccg catcgccgtc
      661 tcctaccaga ccaaggtcaa cctcctctct gccatcaaga gcccctgcca gagggagacc
      721 ccagaggggg ctgaggccaa gccctggtat gagcccatct atctgggagg ggtcttccag
      781 ctggagaagg gtgaccgact cagcgctgag atcaatcggc ccgactatct cgactttgcc
      841 gagtctgggc aggtctactt tgggatcatt gccctgtgag gaggacgaac atccaacctt
      901 cccaaacgcc tcccctgccc caatcccttt attaccccct ccttcagaca ccctcaacct
      961 cttctggctc aaaaagagaa ttgggggctt agggtcggaa cccaagctta gaactttaag
     1021 caacaagacc accacttcga aacctgggat tcaggaatgt gtggcctgca cagtgaagtg
     1081 ctggcaacca ctaagaattc aaactggggc ctccagaact cactggggcc tacagctttg
     1141 atccctgaca tctggaatct ggagaccagg gagcctttgg ttctggccag aatgctgcag
     1201 gacttgagaa gacctcacct agaaattgac acaagtggac cttaggcctt cctctctcca
     1261 gatgtttcca gacttccttg agacacggag cccagccctc cccatggagc cagctccctc
     1321 tatttatgtt tgcacttgtg attatttatt atttatttat tatttattta tttacagatg
     1381 aatgtattta tttgggagac cggggtatcc tgggggaccc aatgtaggag ctgccttggc
     1441 tcagacatgt tttccgtgaa aacggagctg aacaataggc tgttcccatg tagccccctg
     1501 gcctctgtgc cttcttttga ttatgttttt taaaatattt atctgattaa gttgtctaaa
     1561 caatgctgat ttggtgacca actgtcactc attgctgagc ctctgctccc caggggagtt
     1621 gtgtctgtaa tcgccctact attcagtggc gagaaataaa gtttgcttag aaaagaaa
//
