LOCUS       NM_015533               4678 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 12-NOV-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens triokinase and FMN cyclase (TKFC), transcript variant
            2, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_015533
VERSION     NM_015533.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 4678)
  AUTHORS   Costas,M.J., Couto,A., Cabezas,A., Pinto,R.M., Ribeiro,J.M. and
            Cameselle,J.C.
  TITLE     Alternative Splicing of the Last TKFC Intron Yields Transcripts
            Differentially Expressed in Human Tissues That Code In Vitro for a
            Protein Devoid of Triokinase and FMN Cyclase Activity
  JOURNAL   Biomolecules 14 (10), 1288 (2024)
   PUBMED   39456221
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Alternative Splicing of the Last TKFC Intron Yields
            Transcripts Differentially Expressed in Human Tissues That Code In
            Vitro for a Protein Devoid of Triokinase and FMN Cyclase Activity.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 4678)
  AUTHORS   Ribeiro,J.M., Costas,M.J., Cabezas,A., Meunier,B., Onoufriadis,A.
            and Cameselle,J.C.
  TITLE     The TKFC Ala185Thr variant, reported as 'null' for fructose
            metabolism, is fully active as triokinase
  JOURNAL   FEBS Lett 596 (11), 1453-1457 (2022)
   PUBMED   35114011
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 4678)
  AUTHORS   Wortmann,S.B., Meunier,B., Mestek-Boukhibar,L., van den Broek,F.,
            Maldonado,E.M., Clement,E., Weghuber,D., Spenger,J., Jaros,Z.,
            Taha,F., Yue,W.W., Heales,S.J., Davison,J.E., Mayr,J.A. and
            Rahman,S.
  TITLE     Bi-allelic Variants in TKFC Encoding Triokinase/FMN Cyclase Are
            Associated with Cataracts and Multisystem Disease
  JOURNAL   Am J Hum Genet 106 (2), 256-263 (2020)
   PUBMED   32004446
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Bi-allelic Variants in TKFC Encoding Triokinase/FMN
            Cyclase Are Associated with Cataracts and Multisystem Disease.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 4678)
  AUTHORS   Rodrigues,J.R., Couto,A., Cabezas,A., Pinto,R.M., Ribeiro,J.M.,
            Canales,J., Costas,M.J. and Cameselle,J.C.
  TITLE     Bifunctional homodimeric triokinase/FMN cyclase: contribution of
            protein domains to the activities of the human enzyme and molecular
            dynamics simulation of domain movements
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 289 (15), 10620-10636 (2014)
   PUBMED   24569995
  REMARK    GeneRIF: analysis of human triokinase/FMN cyclase reveals that
            kinase activity requires intact homodimers, but cyclase requires
            only a truncated, single domain subunit
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 4678)
  AUTHORS   Xu,M.Y., Jia,X.F., Qu,Y., Zheng,R.D., Yuan,Z.H., Weng,H.L.,
            Dooley,S., Wang,X.P., Zhang,L.J. and Lu,L.G.
  TITLE     Serum dihydroxyacetone kinase peptide m/z 520.3 as predictor of
            disease severity in patients with compensated chronic hepatitis B
  JOURNAL   J Transl Med 11, 234 (2013)
   PUBMED   24289155
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The peptide fragment (m/z 520.3) of DAK is a promising
            biomarker to guide timing of antiviral treatment and to avoid liver
            biopsy in compensated chronic hepatitis B patients.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 4678)
  AUTHORS   Gonzales,P.A., Pisitkun,T., Hoffert,J.D., Tchapyjnikov,D.,
            Star,R.A., Kleta,R., Wang,N.S. and Knepper,M.A.
  TITLE     Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes
  JOURNAL   J Am Soc Nephrol 20 (2), 363-379 (2009)
   PUBMED   19056867
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 4678)
  AUTHORS   Diao,F., Li,S., Tian,Y., Zhang,M., Xu,L.G., Zhang,Y., Wang,R.P.,
            Chen,D., Zhai,Z., Zhong,B., Tien,P. and Shu,H.B.
  TITLE     Negative regulation of MDA5- but not RIG-I-mediated innate
            antiviral signaling by the dihydroxyacetone kinase
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104 (28), 11706-11711 (2007)
   PUBMED   17600090
  REMARK    GeneRIF: DAK, the physiological suppressor of cytoplasmic viral RNA
            sensor MDA5, specifically inhibits MDA5- but not RNA helicase
            RIG-I-mediated innate antiviral signaling.
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 4678)
  AUTHORS   Cabezas,A., Costas,M.J., Pinto,R.M., Couto,A. and Cameselle,J.C.
  TITLE     Identification of human and rat FAD-AMP lyase (cyclic FMN forming)
            as ATP-dependent dihydroxyacetone kinases
  JOURNAL   Biochem Biophys Res Commun 338 (4), 1682-1689 (2005)
   PUBMED   16289032
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Evidence supports that a single protein sustains both FMN
            cyclase and ATP-dependent Dha kinase activities, probably in a
            single active center
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 4678)
  AUTHORS   Cheek,S., Ginalski,K., Zhang,H. and Grishin,N.V.
  TITLE     A comprehensive update of the sequence and structure classification
            of kinases
  JOURNAL   BMC Struct Biol 5, 6 (2005)
   PUBMED   15771780
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 4678)
  AUTHORS   Beutler,E. and Guinto,E.
  TITLE     Dihydroxyacetone metabolism by human erythrocytes: demonstration of
            triokinase activity and its characterization
  JOURNAL   Blood 41 (4), 559-568 (1973)
   PUBMED   4688871
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from DB056724.1, DA932478.1,
            BC001341.1, AP003108.3 and BF197629.1.
            
            On Jun 2, 2019 this sequence version replaced NM_015533.3.
            
            Summary: This gene is a member of the family of dihydroxyacetone
            kinases, which have a protein structure distinct from other
            kinases. The product of this gene phosphorylates dihydroxyacetone,
            and also catalyzes the formation of riboflavin 4',5'-phosphate (aka
            cyclin FMN) from FAD. Several alternatively spliced transcript
            variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun
            2017].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (2), as well as variant 3, encodes
            isoform b.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR1660805.235642.1,
                                           SRR1803615.167116.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1966682
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000394900.8/ ENSP00000378360.3
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-75                DB056724.1         47-121
            76-160              DA932478.1         97-181
            161-2358            BC001341.1         1-2198
            2359-3959           AP003108.3         19111-20711
            3960-4195           BF197629.1         8-243               c
            4196-4678           AP003108.3         20948-21430
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..4678
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="11"
                     /map="11q12.2"
     gene            1..4678
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /note="triokinase and FMN cyclase"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:26007"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:24552"
                     /db_xref="MIM:615844"
     exon            1..102
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            103..214
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             212..1939
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /EC_number="2.7.1.29"
                     /EC_number="4.6.1.15"
                     /EC_number="2.7.1.28"
                     /note="isoform b is encoded by transcript variant 2;
                     ATP-dependent dihydroxyacetone kinase; DHA kinase;
                     dihydroxyacetone kinase 2 homolog; FAD-AMP lyase
                     cyclizing; FAD-AMP lyase cyclic FMN forming; glycerone
                     kinase; bifunctional ATP-dependent dihydroxyacetone
                     kinase/FAD-AMP lyase (cyclizing); Dha kinase/FMN cyclase;
                     triokinase/FMN cyclase; testis tissue sperm-binding
                     protein Li 84P"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="triokinase/FMN cyclase isoform b"
                     /protein_id="NP_056348.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS8003.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:26007"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:24552"
                     /db_xref="MIM:615844"
                     /translation="MTSKKLVNSVAGCADDALAGLVACNPNLQLLQGHRVALRSDLDS
                     LKGRVALLSGGGSGHEPAHAGFIGKGMLTGVIAGAVFTSPAVGSILAAIRAVAQAGTV
                     GTLLIVKNYTGDRLNFGLAREQARAEGIPVEMVVIGDDSAFTVLKKAGRRGLCGTVLI
                     HKVAGALAEAGVGLEEIAKQVNVVAKAMGTLGVSLSSCSVPGSKPTFELSADEVELGL
                     GIHGEAGVRRIKMATADEIVKLMLDHMTNTTNASHVPVQPGSSVVMMVNNLGGLSFLE
                     LGIIADATVRSLEGRGVKIARALVGTFMSALEMPGISLTLLLVDEPLLKLIDAETTAA
                     AWPNVAAVSITGRKRSRVAPAEPQEAPDSTAAGGSASKRMALVLERVCSTLLGLEEHL
                     NALDRAAGDGDCGTTHSRAARAIQEWLKEGPPPASPAQLLSKLSVLLLEKMGGSSGAL
                     YGLFLTAAAQPLKAKTSLPAWSAAMDAGLEAMQKYGKAAPGDRTMLDSLWAAGQELQA
                     WKSPGADLLQVLTKAVKSAEAAAEATKNMEAGAGRASYISSARLEQPDPGAVAAAAIL
                     RAILEVLQS"
     exon            215..404
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            405..515
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            516..697
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            698..776
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            777..866
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            867..901
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            902..986
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            987..1076
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1077..1193
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1194..1313
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1314..1451
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1452..1558
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1559..1662
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1663..1696
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1697..1786
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1787..4678
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      2330..2335
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     regulatory      2340..2345
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /note="hexamer: AATACA"
     polyA_site      2354
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     polyA_site      2358
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      4172..4177
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      4195
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      4260..4265
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
                     /note="hexamer: AATGAA"
     polyA_site      4281
                     /gene="TKFC"
                     /gene_synonym="DAK; NET45; TKFCD"
ORIGIN      
        1 gccagcgccc gcaggacccg gatgagagcg cacgcttcgg ggtctccggg aagtcgcggc
       61 gccttcggat gtggcggatg cggccgtgag ccggcggggg aggtgctgct gctgcctcca
      121 ctgtactcag acccaggtag cacaggattg tccatcctcc agcagctcag tgcaacggtg
      181 tgaactcagc ctgtttcaga gcctccacac catgacctcc aagaagctgg tgaactcggt
      241 ggctggctgt gctgatgacg ctcttgctgg cctggtggcc tgcaacccca acctgcagct
      301 cctgcagggc caccgcgtgg ccctccgttc tgacctggac agcctcaagg gccgggtggc
      361 actgctgtcg ggtgggggct ctggccatga gcctgcccat gctggtttca tagggaaggg
      421 gatgctgact ggggtcatcg cgggagctgt gttcacctcc ccggcagtgg gcagcatcct
      481 ggcagccatc agggccgtgg cccaggccgg cacagtgggg acgctcctta tcgtgaagaa
      541 ctacactggg gatcggctca acttcggcct ggcccgggag caggcccggg ctgaaggcat
      601 cccggtggag atggtggtga ttggggacga cagcgccttc actgtcctga agaaggcagg
      661 ccggcggggg ctgtgcggca cggtgcttat acacaaggtg gcaggtgctc tggctgaggc
      721 tggtgtgggg ctggaggaga tcgcaaagca ggtgaacgtg gtcgccaagg ccatgggtac
      781 cctgggggtg agcttatcct cctgcagcgt ccctggttcc aaacccacct tcgagctctc
      841 agccgacgag gtggagctgg gcctggggat ccacggggaa gctggtgtgc gccggataaa
      901 gatggcaacc gccgatgaga ttgtgaaact catgctcgac cacatgacaa acaccaccaa
      961 cgcgtcccat gtgcctgtgc agcccggctc ctcagttgtg atgatggtca acaacctggg
     1021 tggcctgtca ttcctggaac tgggcatcat agccgacgct accgtccgct ccctggaggg
     1081 ccgcggggtg aagattgccc gtgccctggt gggcaccttc atgtcagcac tggagatgcc
     1141 tggcatttct ctcaccctcc tgctggtgga tgagcctctc ctgaaactga tagatgctga
     1201 aaccactgca gcagcctggc ctaacgtggc tgcagtctcc attactgggc ggaagcggag
     1261 ccgggtagcc cctgccgagc cccaggaggc ccctgattcc actgctgcag gaggctcagc
     1321 ctcgaagcgg atggcgctgg tgctggaacg ggtgtgcagc actctcctgg gcctggagga
     1381 acacctgaat gccctggacc gggctgctgg tgacggcgac tgtggcacca cccacagccg
     1441 tgcggccaga gcaatccagg agtggctgaa ggagggccca ccccctgcca gccctgccca
     1501 gctgctctcc aagttgtctg tcctgctcct ggagaagatg ggaggctcat ctggggcgct
     1561 ctatggcctg ttcctgactg cggctgcaca gcccctgaag gccaagacca gcctcccagc
     1621 ctggtctgct gccatggatg ccggcctgga agccatgcag aagtatggca aggctgctcc
     1681 aggggacagg actatgctgg attctctgtg ggcagcgggg caggagctcc aagcctggaa
     1741 gagcccagga gctgatctgt tacaagtcct gaccaaagca gtcaagagtg ccgaagctgc
     1801 agccgaggcc accaagaata tggaagctgg agccggaaga gccagttata tcagctcagc
     1861 acggctggag cagccagacc ccggggcggt ggcagctgct gccatcctcc gggccatctt
     1921 ggaggtcttg cagagctagg gtgtgtgact gcctcccttg gcctcagctc ctctcactgc
     1981 tgtgctgagg tggcctttgt cacttccttc tgccttccaa ccctcacctt cccccggcct
     2041 ggccccattg gcccaccctc taagttgagc aggaaatcct ccaccaagct tccagaacta
     2101 cagacagcac ccagagtgag ctggagtggg tccccatgcc tctccagcat gccctttccc
     2161 tttgcaggag ggtggagtcc ctgggtcatg ccctcccctg ccagctctgg gcttcagaga
     2221 taaggcattt tccttgtgca gcctttacct ggcaatccta atttggtttt aagactccct
     2281 gtgaaatgct ttccgcacct taaccccagt gagcgtgaaa aagaaagtta ataaactata
     2341 atacatggaa gcaagaaaga cactgcctcc tctgagggac cttttcccaa gcatgtaaac
     2401 aagggggccc acagccctgg ctgcaggcat catgacccat cttctaccag gcagatcttt
     2461 attacctgag cccctaaggc agtgtctcct cagctgggct gcttccactg agacccccga
     2521 cccatcccct ttccagtaca cacacctgat gcatgtaaga atggtagagg ggcttttctt
     2581 agcattgaat taataattca gtggctcctc gggagtcgaa tgggcatttg ggacaccaga
     2641 aggaaaagaa atcatcatag tctaaggttc agttgtagat caaaaaatgc agccaggccg
     2701 ggcacggtgg ctcacacctg caatcccagc actttgggag gccaaggcag gcggatccct
     2761 tacactcagg agttcaagac cagtctgggc aacatggtaa aaccctgtct ctaccaaaaa
     2821 atacaaaatt agccaggcat agtagtgtgt gcctatagtc ctaacttggg aggctgagtt
     2881 gggaggatgg cttgggccca ggaggtcgag gctgcggtga gccataagca tgccactata
     2941 ctccagcctg ggcaacaaag cgagaccctg tctcaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaagaaa
     3001 ctgcagccaa gccagcccct aggtctcttt ctagagcgat cactgatggc accagggtga
     3061 gcaggggcac tgtatgcatg tggagacaaa cagcacatgc ctggcacaca tgtagggtag
     3121 ggagtggtta aaggcactgg ctgtcgactc atacacatga tctgaaatct gattctgctt
     3181 taacccggct acaggagcta aggcctattt tttagccctt tgggatctgt aaaatcagaa
     3241 tggtacccac ctcatgggga catgaaagga ttcaaatgaa ttgatgaaga tgggccataa
     3301 agcccagcac agtccaagtg ctcactcact gagagttacg gttatcacag gggttgggcc
     3361 cccagcccct cccaggtcat ctgctctacc actagctggt aggaaagagc ctcctgccct
     3421 cccaaccccc gtcacctact tggcccaaat ttggctgcag gctccccgag tgcctgggct
     3481 tctctaccca gggtcctgtc tgtcggctgc accatacgtc cctgaccaca aggcatccac
     3541 gtgcacagga gtatgcgccc agcagctggg aaggaggctg acctcagacg gtggcctgtg
     3601 gatcccagct ctgtcatttc ctggctgggt gacctcaacc tagtcaccct ttttgagtct
     3661 tgttttctca gattatgaaa taggaaaaat ttccttcctc gtgagataag cacgtgccat
     3721 tagctattaa ggacacgcac ataaatgagc tgcatgtgaa tccacacatg ccattccatg
     3781 aagacagagg atcatgtgga tctttggtgc cttccggttg gcccctccct aggtctgtga
     3841 gggtcagacc tgtcctgagg cttttacaaa ttggcccaga actcatttaa ccacagcatc
     3901 atttcattag agggctgtta ttagagactg aatgtttgtg tcccccccaa attcctgtgt
     3961 tgaaaggctc acccccacta tggtagtgtt aggacgtggg gcctttggga ggtgatgggg
     4021 ttatgagggt ggagccccag agagctctca cgccctttcc accatgtgag gttatggtga
     4081 gaagatggtc tctgaggaag ctggcccttg ccacacacca catttgccag cgccttcatc
     4141 ttggatgtct atagcctcca gaactgtgag aaataaacac ttgttgttta agccacccag
     4201 gctattatat ttttgttata gcagcctgaa caaagacagc tttgattctt aacatattta
     4261 atgaaactcg agcttcataa accagtgaaa tgcctacccc tatggagatg gggagctggt
     4321 catgggaccc aggtgcctgg aggacatccc agtggctttg aaggctccag ccagtcaaga
     4381 cggtcaatat tagcccttct gccaacatct ggcaatgtga ggctggggtg gacgttggcc
     4441 tgatgttgcc aggagtagga tgctgatgct gccagagagt aggtgggctc caaaccccag
     4501 gcttctcact tgcttactaa gcacagcagt ctgaagcttg ggacctggca gtgcgtcttt
     4561 ggagaaggca aaaaagccac agcagcaaca cttaggagca agacccttcc cgctctccac
     4621 cctatttcct cccctgaaga agagcaacag ctcaagctct agcatggcac agaacgct
//
