LOCUS       NM_003211               3183 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 12-NOV-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), transcript variant 1,
            mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_003211
VERSION     NM_003211.6
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3183)
  AUTHORS   Schnable,B.L., Schaich,M.A., Roginskaya,V., Leary,L.P.,
            Weaver,T.M., Freudenthal,B.D., Drohat,A.C. and Van Houten,B.
  TITLE     Thymine DNA glycosylase combines sliding, hopping, and nucleosome
            interactions to efficiently search for 5-formylcytosine
  JOURNAL   Nat Commun 15 (1), 9226 (2024)
   PUBMED   39455577
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Thymine DNA glycosylase combines sliding, hopping, and
            nucleosome interactions to efficiently search for 5-formylcytosine.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3183)
  AUTHORS   Wang,G., Zhou,Y., Yi,B., Long,Y., Ma,B. and Zhang,Y.
  TITLE     Comprehensive analysis of the prognostic value and biological
            function of TDG in hepatocellular carcinoma
  JOURNAL   Cell Cycle 22 (12), 1478-1495 (2023)
   PUBMED   37224078
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Comprehensive analysis of the prognostic value and
            biological function of TDG in hepatocellular carcinoma.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3183)
  AUTHORS   Miao,J., Zhao,C., Tang,K., Xiong,X., Wu,F., Xue,W., Duan,B.,
            Zhang,H., Jing,X., Li,W., Sun,Y., Hou,N. and Huang,C.
  TITLE     TDG suppresses the migration and invasion of human colon cancer
            cells via the DNMT3A/TIMP2 axis
  JOURNAL   Int J Biol Sci 18 (6), 2527-2539 (2022)
   PUBMED   35414793
  REMARK    GeneRIF: TDG suppresses the migration and invasion of human colon
            cancer cells via the DNMT3A/TIMP2 axis.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3183)
  AUTHORS   Muller,N., Ponkkonen,E., Carell,T. and Khobta,A.
  TITLE     Direct and Base Excision Repair-Mediated Regulation of a GC-Rich
            cis-Element in Response to 5-Formylcytosine and 5-Carboxycytosine
  JOURNAL   Int J Mol Sci 22 (20), 11025 (2021)
   PUBMED   34681690
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Direct and Base Excision Repair-Mediated Regulation of a
            GC-Rich cis-Element in Response to 5-Formylcytosine and
            5-Carboxycytosine.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3183)
  AUTHORS   Deckard,C.E. and Sczepanski,J.T.
  TITLE     Reversible chromatin condensation by the DNA repair and
            demethylation factor thymine DNA glycosylase
  JOURNAL   Nucleic Acids Res 49 (5), 2450-2459 (2021)
   PUBMED   33733652
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Reversible chromatin condensation by the DNA repair and
            demethylation factor thymine DNA glycosylase.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3183)
  AUTHORS   Neddermann,P., Gallinari,P., Lettieri,T., Schmid,D., Truong,O.,
            Hsuan,J.J., Wiebauer,K. and Jiricny,J.
  TITLE     Cloning and expression of human G/T mismatch-specific thymine-DNA
            glycosylase
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 271 (22), 12767-12774 (1996)
   PUBMED   8662714
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3183)
  AUTHORS   Neddermann,P. and Jiricny,J.
  TITLE     Efficient removal of uracil from G.U mispairs by the
            mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase from HeLa cells
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 (5), 1642-1646 (1994)
   PUBMED   8127859
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3183)
  AUTHORS   Neddermann,P. and Jiricny,J.
  TITLE     The purification of a mismatch-specific thymine-DNA glycosylase
            from HeLa cells
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 268 (28), 21218-21224 (1993)
   PUBMED   8407958
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 3183)
  AUTHORS   Chevray,P.M. and Nathans,D.
  TITLE     Protein interaction cloning in yeast: identification of mammalian
            proteins that react with the leucine zipper of Jun
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89 (13), 5789-5793 (1992)
   PUBMED   1631061
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 3183)
  AUTHORS   Lindahl,T.
  TITLE     DNA repair enzymes
  JOURNAL   Annu Rev Biochem 51, 61-87 (1982)
   PUBMED   6287922
  REMARK    Review article
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AK303631.1, BC037557.1,
            DN601672.1 and AI004247.1.
            
            On Nov 22, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_003211.5.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the TDG/mug
            DNA glycosylase family. Thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) removes
            thymine moieties from G/T mismatches by hydrolyzing the
            carbon-nitrogen bond between the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA
            and the mispaired thymine. With lower activity, this enzyme also
            removes thymine from C/T and T/T mispairings. TDG can also remove
            uracil and 5-bromouracil from mispairings with guanine. This enzyme
            plays a central role in cellular defense against genetic mutation
            caused by the spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine and
            cytosine. This gene may have a pseudogene in the p arm of
            chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR3476690.146382.1,
                                           SRR1803614.70977.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1966682
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000392872.8/ ENSP00000376611.3
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression,
                                      longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-189               AK303631.1         28-216
            190-968             BC037557.1         200-978
            969-1503            AK303631.1         853-1387
            1504-1738           BC037557.1         1514-1748
            1739-1977           BC037557.1         1751-1989
            1978-1978           DN601672.1         238-238
            1979-3076           BC037557.1         1990-3087
            3077-3183           AI004247.1         12-118              c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3183
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="12"
                     /map="12q23.3"
     gene            1..3183
                     /gene="TDG"
                     /gene_synonym="hTDG"
                     /note="thymine DNA glycosylase"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:6996"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:11700"
                     /db_xref="MIM:601423"
     exon            1..189
                     /gene="TDG"
                     /gene_synonym="hTDG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             167..1399
                     /gene="TDG"
                     /gene_synonym="hTDG"
                     /EC_number="3.2.2.29"
                     /note="isoform 1 is encoded by transcript variant 1; G/T
                     mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="G/T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase
                     isoform 1"
                     /protein_id="NP_003202.3"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS9095.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:6996"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:11700"
                     /db_xref="MIM:601423"
                     /translation="MEAENAGSYSLQQAQAFYTFPFQQLMAEAPNMAVVNEQQMPEEV
                     PAPAPAQEPVQEAPKGRKRKPRTTEPKQPVEPKKPVESKKSGKSAKSKEKQEKITDTF
                     KVKRKVDRFNGVSEAELLTKTLPDILTFNLDIVIIGINPGLMAAYKGHHYPGPGNHFW
                     KCLFMSGLSEVQLNHMDDHTLPGKYGIGFTNMVERTTPGSKDLSSKEFREGGRILVQK
                     LQKYQPRIAVFNGKCIYEIFSKEVFGVKVKNLEFGLQPHKIPDTETLCYVMPSSSARC
                     AQFPRAQDKVHYYIKLKDLRDQLKGIERNMDVQEVQYTFDLQLAQEDAKKMAVKEEKY
                     DPGYEAAYGGAYGENPCSSEPCGFSSNGLIESVELRGESAFSGIPNGQWMTQSFTDQI
                     PSFSNHCGTQEQEEESHA"
     exon            190..332
                     /gene="TDG"
                     /gene_synonym="hTDG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            333..574
                     /gene="TDG"
                     /gene_synonym="hTDG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            575..644
                     /gene="TDG"
                     /gene_synonym="hTDG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            645..780
                     /gene="TDG"
                     /gene_synonym="hTDG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            781..863
                     /gene="TDG"
                     /gene_synonym="hTDG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            864..958
                     /gene="TDG"
                     /gene_synonym="hTDG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            959..1130
                     /gene="TDG"
                     /gene_synonym="hTDG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1131..1256
                     /gene="TDG"
                     /gene_synonym="hTDG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1257..3183
                     /gene="TDG"
                     /gene_synonym="hTDG"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      3054..3059
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="TDG"
                     /gene_synonym="hTDG"
                     /note="hexamer: AGTAAA"
     polyA_site      3076
                     /gene="TDG"
                     /gene_synonym="hTDG"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      3153..3158
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="TDG"
                     /gene_synonym="hTDG"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      3183
                     /gene="TDG"
                     /gene_synonym="hTDG"
ORIGIN      
        1 agaagcctgg aggaggagct tgagtccagc cactgtctgg gtactgccag ccatcgggcc
       61 caggtctctg gggttgtctt accgcagtga gtaccacgcg gtactacaga gaccggctgc
      121 ccgtgtgccc ggcaggtgga gccgcccgca tcagcggcct cggggaatgg aagcggagaa
      181 cgcgggcagc tattcccttc agcaagctca agctttttat acgtttccat ttcaacaact
      241 gatggctgaa gctcctaata tggcagttgt gaatgaacag caaatgccag aagaagttcc
      301 agccccagct cctgctcagg aaccagtgca agaggctcca aaaggaagaa aaagaaaacc
      361 cagaacaaca gaaccaaaac aaccagtgga acccaaaaaa cctgttgagt caaaaaaatc
      421 tggcaagtct gcaaaatcaa aagaaaaaca agaaaaaatt acagacacat ttaaagtaaa
      481 aagaaaagta gaccgtttta atggtgtttc agaagctgaa cttctgacca agactctccc
      541 cgatattttg accttcaatc tggacattgt cattattggc ataaacccgg gactaatggc
      601 tgcttacaaa gggcatcatt accctggacc tggaaaccat ttttggaagt gtttgtttat
      661 gtcagggctc agtgaggtcc agctgaacca tatggatgat cacactctac cagggaagta
      721 tggtattgga tttaccaaca tggtggaaag gaccacgccc ggcagcaaag atctctccag
      781 taaagaattt cgtgaaggag gacgtattct agtacagaaa ttacagaaat atcagccacg
      841 aatagcagtg tttaatggaa aatgtattta tgaaattttt agtaaagaag tttttggagt
      901 aaaggttaag aacttggaat ttgggcttca gccccataag attccagaca cagaaactct
      961 ctgctatgtt atgccatcat ccagtgcaag atgtgctcag tttcctcgag cccaagacaa
     1021 agttcattac tacataaaac tgaaggactt aagagatcag ttgaaaggca ttgaacgaaa
     1081 tatggacgtt caagaggtgc aatatacatt tgacctacag cttgcccaag aggatgcaaa
     1141 gaagatggct gttaaggaag aaaaatatga tccaggttat gaggcagcat atggtggtgc
     1201 ttacggagaa aatccatgca gcagtgaacc ttgtggcttc tcttcaaatg ggctaattga
     1261 gagcgtggag ttaagaggag aatcagcttt cagtggcatt cctaatgggc agtggatgac
     1321 ccagtcattt acagaccaaa ttccttcctt tagtaatcac tgtggaacac aagaacagga
     1381 agaagaaagc catgcttaag aatggtgctt ctcagctctg cttaaatgct gcagttttaa
     1441 tgcagttgtc aacaagtaga acctcagttt gctaactgaa gtgttttatt agtattttac
     1501 tctagtggtg taattgtaat gtagaacagt tgtgtggtag tgtgaaccgt atgaacctaa
     1561 gtagtttgga agaaaaagta gggtttttgt atactagctt ttgtatttga attaattatc
     1621 attccagctt tttatatact atatttcatt tatgaagaaa ttgattttct tttgggagtc
     1681 acttttaatc tgtaatttta aaatacaagt ctgaatattt atagttgatt cttaactgca
     1741 taaacctaga tataccatta tcccttttat acctaagaag ggcatgctaa taattaccac
     1801 tgtcaaagag gcaaaggtgt tgatttttgt atatgaagtt aagcctcagt ggagtctcat
     1861 ttgttagttt ttagtggtaa ctaagggtaa actcagggtt ccctgagcta tatgcacact
     1921 cagacctctt tgctttacca gtggtgtttg tgagttgctc agtagtaaaa actggccctt
     1981 acctgacaga gccctggctt tgacctgctc agccctgtgt gttaatcctc tagtagccaa
     2041 ttaactactc tggggtggca ggttccagag aatgcagtag accttttgcc actcatctgt
     2101 gttttacttg agacatgtaa atatgatagg gaaggaactg aatttctcca ttcatattta
     2161 taaccattct agttttatct tccttggctt taagagtgtg ccatggaaag tgataagaaa
     2221 tgaacttcta ggctaagcaa aaagatgctg gagatatttg atactctcat ttaaactggt
     2281 gctttatgta catgagatgt actaaaataa gtaatataga atttttcttg ctaggtaaat
     2341 ccagtaagcc aataatttta aagattcttt atctgcatca ttgctgtttg ttactataaa
     2401 ttaaatgaac ctcatggaaa ggttgaggtg tatacctttg tgattttcta atgagttttc
     2461 catggtgcta caaataatcc agactaccag gtctggtaga tattaaagct gggtactaag
     2521 aaatgttatt tgcatcctct cagttactcc tgaatattct gatttcatac gtacccaggg
     2581 agcatgctgt tttgtcaatc aatataaaat atttatgagg tctcccccac ccccaggagg
     2641 ttatatgatt gctcttctct ttataataag agaaacaaat tcttattgtg aatcttaaca
     2701 tgctttttag ctgtggctat gatggatttt attttttcct aggtcaagct gtgtaaaagt
     2761 catttatgtt atttaaatga tgtactgtac tgctgtttac atggacgttt tgtgcgggtg
     2821 ctttgaagtg ccttgcatca gggattagga gcaattaaat tattttttca cgggactgtg
     2881 taaagcatgt aactaggtat tgctttggta tataactatt gtagctttac aagagattgt
     2941 tttatttgaa tggggaaaat accctttaaa ttatgacgga catccactag agatgggttt
     3001 gaggattttc caagcgtgta ataatgatgt ttttcctaac atgacagatg agtagtaaat
     3061 gttgatatat cctatacatg acagtgtgag actttttcat taaataatat tgaaagattt
     3121 taaaattcat ttgaaagtct gatggctttt acaataaaag atattaagaa ttgttatcct
     3181 taa
//
