LOCUS       NM_003132               1260 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 04-APR-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens spermidine synthase (SRM), mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_003132
VERSION     NM_003132.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 1260)
  AUTHORS   Zhu,Y., Piao,C., Zhang,Z., Jiang,Y. and Kong,C.
  TITLE     The potential role of c-MYC and polyamine metabolism in multiple
            drug resistance in bladder cancer investigated by metabonomics
  JOURNAL   Genomics 114 (1), 125-137 (2022)
   PUBMED   34843906
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The potential role of c-MYC and polyamine metabolism in
            multiple drug resistance in bladder cancer investigated by
            metabonomics.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 1260)
  AUTHORS   Luck,K., Kim,D.K., Lambourne,L., Spirohn,K., Begg,B.E., Bian,W.,
            Brignall,R., Cafarelli,T., Campos-Laborie,F.J., Charloteaux,B.,
            Choi,D., Cote,A.G., Daley,M., Deimling,S., Desbuleux,A., Dricot,A.,
            Gebbia,M., Hardy,M.F., Kishore,N., Knapp,J.J., Kovacs,I.A.,
            Lemmens,I., Mee,M.W., Mellor,J.C., Pollis,C., Pons,C.,
            Richardson,A.D., Schlabach,S., Teeking,B., Yadav,A., Babor,M.,
            Balcha,D., Basha,O., Bowman-Colin,C., Chin,S.F., Choi,S.G.,
            Colabella,C., Coppin,G., D'Amata,C., De Ridder,D., De Rouck,S.,
            Duran-Frigola,M., Ennajdaoui,H., Goebels,F., Goehring,L., Gopal,A.,
            Haddad,G., Hatchi,E., Helmy,M., Jacob,Y., Kassa,Y., Landini,S.,
            Li,R., van Lieshout,N., MacWilliams,A., Markey,D., Paulson,J.N.,
            Rangarajan,S., Rasla,J., Rayhan,A., Rolland,T., San-Miguel,A.,
            Shen,Y., Sheykhkarimli,D., Sheynkman,G.M., Simonovsky,E., Tasan,M.,
            Tejeda,A., Tropepe,V., Twizere,J.C., Wang,Y., Weatheritt,R.J.,
            Weile,J., Xia,Y., Yang,X., Yeger-Lotem,E., Zhong,Q., Aloy,P.,
            Bader,G.D., De Las Rivas,J., Gaudet,S., Hao,T., Rak,J.,
            Tavernier,J., Hill,D.E., Vidal,M., Roth,F.P. and Calderwood,M.A.
  TITLE     A reference map of the human binary protein interactome
  JOURNAL   Nature 580 (7803), 402-408 (2020)
   PUBMED   32296183
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 1260)
  AUTHORS   Fragoza,R., Das,J., Wierbowski,S.D., Liang,J., Tran,T.N., Liang,S.,
            Beltran,J.F., Rivera-Erick,C.A., Ye,K., Wang,T.Y., Yao,L., Mort,M.,
            Stenson,P.D., Cooper,D.N., Wei,X., Keinan,A., Schimenti,J.C.,
            Clark,A.G. and Yu,H.
  TITLE     Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic variants
            across the allele frequency spectrum in human populations
  JOURNAL   Nat Commun 10 (1), 4141 (2019)
   PUBMED   31515488
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 1260)
  AUTHORS   Chen,S., Fragoza,R., Klei,L., Liu,Y., Wang,J., Roeder,K., Devlin,B.
            and Yu,H.
  TITLE     An interactome perturbation framework prioritizes damaging missense
            mutations for developmental disorders
  JOURNAL   Nat Genet 50 (7), 1032-1040 (2018)
   PUBMED   29892012
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 1260)
  AUTHORS   Lee,O.H., Kim,H., He,Q., Baek,H.J., Yang,D., Chen,L.Y., Liang,J.,
            Chae,H.K., Safari,A., Liu,D. and Songyang,Z.
  TITLE     Genome-wide YFP fluorescence complementation screen identifies new
            regulators for telomere signaling in human cells
  JOURNAL   Mol Cell Proteomics 10 (2), M110.001628 (2011)
   PUBMED   21044950
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 1260)
  AUTHORS   Myohanen,S., Kauppinen,L., Wahlfors,J., Alhonen,L. and Janne,J.
  TITLE     Human spermidine synthase gene: structure and chromosomal
            localization
  JOURNAL   DNA Cell Biol 10 (6), 467-474 (1991)
   PUBMED   2069720
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 1260)
  AUTHORS   Wahlfors,J., Alhonen,L., Kauppinen,L., Hyvonen,T., Janne,J. and
            Eloranta,T.O.
  TITLE     Human spermidine synthase: cloning and primary structure
  JOURNAL   DNA Cell Biol 9 (2), 103-110 (1990)
   PUBMED   2344393
  REMARK    Erratum:[DNA Cell Biol 1990 Sep;9(7):543]
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 1260)
  AUTHORS   Kajander,E.O., Kauppinen,L.I., Pajula,R.L., Karkola,K. and
            Eloranta,T.O.
  TITLE     Purification and partial characterization of human polyamine
            synthases
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 259 (3), 879-886 (1989)
   PUBMED   2730590
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 1260)
  AUTHORS   Dezeure,F., Sarhan,S. and Seiler,N.
  TITLE     Chain-fluorinated polyamines as tumor markers--IV. Comparison of
            2-fluoroputrescine and 2,2-difluoroputrescine as substrates of
            spermidine synthase in vitro and in vivo
  JOURNAL   Int J Biochem 20 (11), 1299-1312 (1988)
   PUBMED   3248683
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 1260)
  AUTHORS   Hibasami,H., Sakurai,M., Maekawa,S. and Nakashima,K.
  TITLE     Methylthiopropylamine, a potent inhibitor of spermidine synthase
            and its antiproliferative effect on human lymphoid leukemia Molt 4B
            cells
  JOURNAL   Anticancer Res 7 (6), 1213-1216 (1987)
   PUBMED   3481684
COMMENT     VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
            preliminary review. The reference sequence was derived from
            AL109811.40 and BC000309.2.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_003132.2.
            
            Summary: The polyamines putrescine, spermine, and spermidine are
            ubiquitous polycationic mediators of cell growth and
            differentiation. Spermidine synthase is one of four enzymes in the
            polyamine-biosynthetic pathway and carries out the final step of
            spermidine biosynthesis. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of
            putrescine to spermidine using decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine
            as the cofactor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR1163658.210098.1,
                                           SRR1163657.20630.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA2145743 [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000376957.7/ ENSP00000366156.2
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-242               AL109811.40        56125-56366         c
            243-363             AL109811.40        55573-55693         c
            364-456             AL109811.40        55148-55240         c
            457-610             AL109811.40        52952-53105         c
            611-694             AL109811.40        52359-52442         c
            695-840             AL109811.40        52129-52274         c
            841-963             AL109811.40        51310-51432         c
            964-1229            AL109811.40        50968-51233         c
            1230-1257           BC000309.2         1212-1239
            1258-1260           AL109811.40        50937-50939         c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..1260
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="1"
                     /map="1p36.22"
     gene            1..1260
                     /gene="SRM"
                     /gene_synonym="PAPT; SPDSY; SPS1; SRML1"
                     /note="spermidine synthase"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:6723"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:11296"
                     /db_xref="MIM:182891"
     exon            1..242
                     /gene="SRM"
                     /gene_synonym="PAPT; SPDSY; SPS1; SRML1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             76..984
                     /gene="SRM"
                     /gene_synonym="PAPT; SPDSY; SPS1; SRML1"
                     /EC_number="2.5.1.16"
                     /note="putrescine aminopropyltransferase; spermidine
                     synthase-1"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="spermidine synthase"
                     /protein_id="NP_003123.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS125.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:6723"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:11296"
                     /db_xref="MIM:182891"
                     /translation="MEPGPDGPAASGPAAIREGWFRETCSLWPGQALSLQVEQLLHHR
                     RSRYQDILVFRSKTYGNVLVLDGVIQCTERDEFSYQEMIANLPLCSHPNPRKVLIIGG
                     GDGGVLREVVKHPSVESVVQCEIDEDVIQVSKKFLPGMAIGYSSSKLTLHVGDGFEFM
                     KQNQDAFDVIITDSSDPMGPAESLFKESYYQLMKTALKEDGVLCCQGECQWLHLDLIK
                     EMRQFCQSLFPVVAYAYCTIPTYPSGQIGFMLCSKNPSTNFQEPVQPLTQQQVAQMQL
                     KYYNSDVHRAAFVLPEFARKALNDVS"
     exon            243..363
                     /gene="SRM"
                     /gene_synonym="PAPT; SPDSY; SPS1; SRML1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            364..456
                     /gene="SRM"
                     /gene_synonym="PAPT; SPDSY; SPS1; SRML1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            457..610
                     /gene="SRM"
                     /gene_synonym="PAPT; SPDSY; SPS1; SRML1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            611..694
                     /gene="SRM"
                     /gene_synonym="PAPT; SPDSY; SPS1; SRML1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            695..840
                     /gene="SRM"
                     /gene_synonym="PAPT; SPDSY; SPS1; SRML1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            841..963
                     /gene="SRM"
                     /gene_synonym="PAPT; SPDSY; SPS1; SRML1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            964..1260
                     /gene="SRM"
                     /gene_synonym="PAPT; SPDSY; SPS1; SRML1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     polyA_site      1260
                     /gene="SRM"
                     /gene_synonym="PAPT; SPDSY; SPS1; SRML1"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 gctggtcccg ttgtgctgcg gcgccgcgcg gcctgcagtc ccgggcccgc gccccgcgcc
       61 gcccgcccgc ccgccatgga gcccggcccc gacggccccg ccgcctccgg ccccgccgcc
      121 atccgcgagg gctggttccg cgagacctgc agcctgtggc ccggccaggc cctgtcactg
      181 caggtggagc agctgctcca ccaccggcgc tcgcgctacc aggacatcct cgtcttccgc
      241 agtaagacct atggcaacgt gctggtgttg gacggtgtca tccagtgcac ggagagagac
      301 gagttctcct accaggagat gatcgccaac ctgcctctct gcagccaccc caacccgcga
      361 aaggtgctga tcatcggggg cggagatgga ggtgtcctgc gggaggtggt gaagcacccc
      421 tccgtggagt ccgtggtcca gtgtgagatc gacgaggatg tcatccaagt ctccaagaag
      481 ttcctgccag gcatggccat tggctactct agctcgaagc tgaccctaca tgtgggtgac
      541 ggttttgagt tcatgaaaca gaatcaggat gccttcgacg tgatcatcac tgactcctca
      601 gaccccatgg gccccgccga aagtctcttc aaggagtcct attaccagct catgaagaca
      661 gccctcaagg aagatggtgt cctctgctgc cagggcgagt gccagtggct gcacctggac
      721 ctcatcaagg agatgcggca gttctgccag tccctgttcc ccgtggtggc ctatgcctac
      781 tgcaccatcc ccacctaccc cagcggccag atcggcttca tgctgtgcag caagaacccg
      841 agcacgaact tccaggagcc ggtgcagccg ctgacacagc agcaggtggc gcagatgcag
      901 ctgaagtact acaactccga cgtgcaccgc gccgcctttg tgctgcccga gtttgcccgc
      961 aaggccctga atgatgtgag ctgagcccag gcgccaccac tgatgccacc caggacctcg
     1021 gaccttggag cctgcggggt gcctcggccc ctccagcccc gggccggacc tcctgctggc
     1081 tctcgcccac caaccaagtg ttacaagccc cagaatgctg cccggcctgc cctgctgggc
     1141 ggactgtctg tgtgtctgtc tctctggcgt tccacctcca agcctatacc agctgtgtac
     1201 agcgccatct ctctgccttc tgttgcccct cactcaccaa acacgtgtat ttatagcaaa
//
