LOCUS       NM_030572               2280 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 09-JUL-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens spexin hormone (SPX), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_030572
VERSION     NM_030572.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2280)
  AUTHORS   Liu,Y., Wu,D., Zheng,H., Ni,Y., Zhu,L., Jiang,Y., Dai,J., Sun,Q.,
            Zhao,Y., Zhang,Q., Yang,Y. and Liu,R.
  TITLE     Serum Spexin Level Is Negatively Associated With Peripheral
            Neuropathy and Sensory Pain in Type 2 Diabetes
  JOURNAL   J Diabetes Res 2024, 4538199 (2024)
   PUBMED   38919263
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Serum Spexin Level Is Negatively Associated With
            Peripheral Neuropathy and Sensory Pain in Type 2 Diabetes.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2280)
  AUTHORS   Bufano,A., Iraci Sareri,G., Ciuoli,C., Cantara,S., Marzocchi,C.,
            Benenati,N., Batzibal,M.S., Bombardieri,A., Caprio,S., Sannino,I.,
            Voglino,C., Tirone,A., Vuolo,G., Dalmiglio,C. and Castagna,M.G.
  TITLE     Normalization of Spexin Levels in Patients with Obesity Submitted
            to Bariatric Surgery
  JOURNAL   Obes Surg 34 (2), 449-455 (2024)
   PUBMED   38072893
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Normalization of Spexin Levels in Patients with Obesity
            Submitted to Bariatric Surgery.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2280)
  AUTHORS   Kurowska,P., Dawid,M., Oprocha,J., Respekta,N., Serra,L.,
            Estienne,A., Pawlicki,P., Kotula-Balak,M., Guerif,F., Dupont,J. and
            Rak,A.
  TITLE     Spexin role in human granulosa cells physiology and PCOS:
            expression and negative impact on steroidogenesis and
            proliferationdagger
  JOURNAL   Biol Reprod 109 (5), 705-719 (2023)
   PUBMED   37658762
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Spexin role in human granulosa cells physiology and PCOS:
            expression and negative impact on steroidogenesis and
            proliferationdagger.
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2280)
  AUTHORS   Sun,X., Yu,Z., Xu,Y., Pu,S. and Gao,X.
  TITLE     The role of spexin in energy metabolism
  JOURNAL   Peptides 164, 170991 (2023)
   PUBMED   36914115
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The role of spexin in energy metabolism.
            Review article
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2280)
  AUTHORS   Ozturk Onsal,F.D., Elitok,G.K., Bulbul,A. and Ucar,A.
  TITLE     Serum spexin levels are not associated with size at birth but are
            associated with metabolic syndrome components in prepubertal
            children born at term
  JOURNAL   J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 35 (5), 649-655 (2022)
   PUBMED   35334196
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Serum spexin levels are not associated with size at birth
            but are associated with metabolic syndrome components in
            prepubertal children born at term.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2280)
  AUTHORS   Kim,D.K., Yun,S., Son,G.H., Hwang,J.I., Park,C.R., Kim,J.I.,
            Kim,K., Vaudry,H. and Seong,J.Y.
  TITLE     Coevolution of the spexin/galanin/kisspeptin family: Spexin
            activates galanin receptor type II and III
  JOURNAL   Endocrinology 155 (5), 1864-1873 (2014)
   PUBMED   24517231
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Data from ligand-receptor interaction studies suggest that
            human spexin-1 and zebrafish spexin-2 activate galanin receptors
            GALR2/GALR3 (but not GALR1); thus spexins appear to be natural
            ligands for human/Xenopus/zebrafish GALR2/GALR3.
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2280)
  AUTHORS   Toll,L., Khroyan,T.V., Sonmez,K., Ozawa,A., Lindberg,I.,
            McLaughlin,J.P., Eans,S.O., Shahien,A.A. and Kapusta,D.R.
  TITLE     Peptides derived from the prohormone proNPQ/spexin are potent
            central modulators of cardiovascular and renal function and
            nociception
  JOURNAL   FASEB J 26 (2), 947-954 (2012)
   PUBMED   22038051
  REMARK    GeneRIF: newly identified peptides derived from the NPQ/spexin
            precursor contribute to CNS-mediated control of arterial blood
            pressure and salt and water balance and modulate nociceptive
            responses
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2280)
  AUTHORS   Wan,B., Wang,X.R., Zhou,Y.B., Zhang,X., Huo,K. and Han,Z.G.
  TITLE     C12ORF39, a novel secreted protein with a typical amidation
            processing signal
  JOURNAL   Biosci Rep 30 (1), 1-10 (2009)
   PUBMED   19193193
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Taken together, although C12ORF39 is not a secreted small
            peptide, it can also be secreted to play a role in the biological
            functions of the placenta.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2280)
  AUTHORS   Sonmez,K., Zaveri,N.T., Kerman,I.A., Burke,S., Neal,C.R., Xie,X.,
            Watson,S.J. and Toll,L.
  TITLE     Evolutionary sequence modeling for discovery of peptide hormones
  JOURNAL   PLoS Comput Biol 5 (1), e1000258 (2009)
   PUBMED   19132080
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2280)
  AUTHORS   Mirabeau,O., Perlas,E., Severini,C., Audero,E., Gascuel,O.,
            Possenti,R., Birney,E., Rosenthal,N. and Gross,C.
  TITLE     Identification of novel peptide hormones in the human proteome by
            hidden Markov model screening
  JOURNAL   Genome Res 17 (3), 320-327 (2007)
   PUBMED   17284679
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from DA380664.1, AK075342.1,
            DB159488.1, AC006559.6 and CR742701.1.
            
            On Nov 23, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_030572.3.
            
            Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a hormone involved in
            modulation of cardiovascular and renal function. It has also been
            shown in rats to cause weight loss. Several transcript variants
            have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the protein-coding
            transcript.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AK075342.1, AK027273.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1968832, SAMEA1970526
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000256969.7/ ENSP00000256969.2
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on single protein-coding transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-11                DA380664.1         40-50
            12-868              AK075342.1         5-861
            869-1856            AK075342.1         864-1851
            1857-2249           DB159488.1         173-565
            2250-2250           AC006559.6         164390-164390
            2251-2269           DB159488.1         567-585
            2270-2280           CR742701.1         13-23               c
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2280
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="12"
                     /map="12p12.1"
     gene            1..2280
                     /gene="SPX"
                     /gene_synonym="C12orf39; SPX1"
                     /note="spexin hormone"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:80763"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:28139"
                     /db_xref="MIM:619246"
     exon            1..183
                     /gene="SPX"
                     /gene_synonym="C12orf39; SPX1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             178..528
                     /gene="SPX"
                     /gene_synonym="C12orf39; SPX1"
                     /note="NPQ; neuropeptide Q"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="spexin precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_085049.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS31757.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:80763"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:28139"
                     /db_xref="MIM:619246"
                     /translation="MKGLRSLAATTLALFLVFVFLGNSSCAPQRLLERRNWTPQAMLY
                     LKGAQGRRFISDQSRRKDLSDRPLPERRSPNPQLLTIPEAATILLASLQKSPEDEEKN
                     FDQTRFLEDSLLNW"
     exon            184..264
                     /gene="SPX"
                     /gene_synonym="C12orf39; SPX1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            265..322
                     /gene="SPX"
                     /gene_synonym="C12orf39; SPX1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            323..385
                     /gene="SPX"
                     /gene_synonym="C12orf39; SPX1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            386..469
                     /gene="SPX"
                     /gene_synonym="C12orf39; SPX1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            470..2280
                     /gene="SPX"
                     /gene_synonym="C12orf39; SPX1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      588..593
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="SPX"
                     /gene_synonym="C12orf39; SPX1"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      610
                     /gene="SPX"
                     /gene_synonym="C12orf39; SPX1"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      1835..1840
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="SPX"
                     /gene_synonym="C12orf39; SPX1"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     polyA_site      1860
                     /gene="SPX"
                     /gene_synonym="C12orf39; SPX1"
                     /note="major polyA site"
     regulatory      2259..2264
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="SPX"
                     /gene_synonym="C12orf39; SPX1"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     polyA_site      2280
                     /gene="SPX"
                     /gene_synonym="C12orf39; SPX1"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 atcagattct caatcttgct tgaagactga caagatgtcc ctgtggactc ccaaactcta
       61 ctccagatgg ggaggtgccc ttaacaccaa gattttaaaa gctccaattt cagagcaaga
      121 gtcgaaaact cacagataaa gttatagtta tttcagggtt ctgaaaagac gcagaacatg
      181 aagggactca gaagtctggc agcaacaacc ttggctcttt tcctggtgtt tgttttcctg
      241 ggaaactcca gctgcgctcc gcagagactg ttggagagaa ggaactggac tcctcaagct
      301 atgctctacc tgaaaggggc acagggtcgc cgcttcatct ccgaccagag ccggagaaag
      361 gacctctccg accggccact gccggaaaga cgaagcccaa atccccaact actaactatt
      421 ccggaggcag caaccatctt actggcgtcc cttcagaaat caccagaaga tgaagaaaaa
      481 aactttgatc aaaccagatt cctggaagac agtctgctta actggtgaaa atatactgga
      541 ttatgtttaa ttatggttct attctctttg aaaacatgaa ccatgtgaat aaaacctttg
      601 gaccctttta ttccatttgt aatcttaaga acacacacag atagttttat tctttcagaa
      661 acaaaatata tataggatgc ttagctgaga acatcatctt ctttcattgc ttcaggtcct
      721 gtttagatga ccaaaaatgt tttcagatca ccttgtgtct tactcttgag tttcttagaa
      781 tatttataat tataaggctg aagactaaag tgttctttcc ttttaactat agccagtacc
      841 tgtcttgatc ttagttgtgt ttttttttca ttttgttacc cacttgcatt ttgttttcac
      901 tcagcagaaa ttctccttct ctgttttcct tttatcccat ccccaagaat gtggaaggaa
      961 ggtgagaaac atggcaggat gggaaatagg agagtatgac tctctatagc tcatccagga
     1021 gtaatcaatt aagaagataa attggatgac tgtggagaag ctctgtgata ggaacacttc
     1081 agtgtggttg ctgagaggag acagtcattg aggtagaagg tttgccaaag atccagagct
     1141 cagagctccc tttgtgctct ttgggaatta ccttgcattc agtttagaaa catggatcta
     1201 aaagttactg ggaaataagc agatggagac acactctgtt gtttacgtat tggaagaagg
     1261 gaacaagcca gttttgttag aggtaactca ttttccatga ccaaacagac tcaacagatt
     1321 caagtactct gcttactcta attgactaga ctctaggttt tatttgacat catagcatta
     1381 cataaatcac tctgataaca taagtgcaca gtaatatgcc tgatctcttc ctttttaaaa
     1441 gccaacttga gttcagtacc atctgaatac acacacatgc acatataccc acacacgcat
     1501 acacacatac tcctgtggca aacataataa tgtatttatt tagaattata atatgaccat
     1561 catgttaatt attttttacc taatcagagt tgttattgac aaatgtcata agtggaaagt
     1621 attaattctt attgtcatca gtatttagcc attatttagt agctcaagaa tatctttatg
     1681 tgaatgtctc tgtaacttgg aattgcaatt tcactgtgtt aagtaatcag aactctgctt
     1741 ataagattta tctgtatctt gtttcataat ttaataatga aactaaattc aagttaatgt
     1801 aatgttgatc tccgtcgaaa aataacttgt gagcattaaa atatctgtat ggcattataa
     1861 taggcacctg tcattaatta tgatttgatt tgaaagtaga cttactaggt agtgcttaca
     1921 tctgatttat tgaaaatttt ttccaaaagc attgtctttt atttatacag tcctaaccac
     1981 ttcaccatta ggaggggtgg gacattaaaa attatttacc catcagacat aaaattgtac
     2041 aaattgacta ttcaaaatag tatgtgtatt caaagaacac ttttaacatc tatcttatga
     2101 aataattctt cctacaacta accagaacaa tctcaaaaat gtcatactaa ccattgtttt
     2161 aaaagctgtc tcaatgatca atagctgtta aaatatagct ccaagtattc taagtactca
     2221 aattccttga atgttcttat gtacaaatat gctgattaat taaaaggtcc ctcttcccaa
//
