LOCUS       NM_153189               2037 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 08-JUN-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens sperm adhesion molecule 1 (SPAM1), transcript variant
            2, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_153189
VERSION     NM_153189.3
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 2037)
  AUTHORS   Lin,M., Ling,P., He,Q., Chen,D., Zheng,L., Tang,L. and Jiang,S.W.
  TITLE     Low acrosin activity is associated with decreased Spam1/acrosin
            expression and GSH deficiency-caused premature acrosome release of
            human sperm cells
  JOURNAL   Cell Tissue Res 394 (3), 529-545 (2023)
   PUBMED   37833433
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Low acrosin activity is associated with decreased
            Spam1/acrosin expression and GSH deficiency-caused premature
            acrosome release of human sperm cells.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 2037)
  AUTHORS   Liu,T., Li,Y., Xu,J., Guo,Q., Zhang,D., Song,L., Li,J., Qian,W.,
            Guo,H., Zhou,X. and Hou,S.
  TITLE     N-Glycosylation and enzymatic activity of the rHuPH20 expressed in
            Chinese hamster ovary cells
  JOURNAL   Anal Biochem 632, 114380 (2021)
   PUBMED   34520755
  REMARK    GeneRIF: N-Glycosylation and enzymatic activity of the rHuPH20
            expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 2037)
  AUTHORS   Zhao,R., Cui,Y., Zheng,Y., Li,S., Lv,J., Wu,Q., Long,Y., Wang,S.,
            Yao,Y., Wei,W., Yang,J., Wang,B.C., Zhang,Z., Zeng,H., Li,Y. and
            Li,P.
  TITLE     Human Hyaluronidase PH20 Potentiates the Antitumor Activities of
            Mesothelin-Specific CAR-T Cells Against Gastric Cancer
  JOURNAL   Front Immunol 12, 660488 (2021)
   PUBMED   34326835
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Human Hyaluronidase PH20 Potentiates the Antitumor
            Activities of Mesothelin-Specific CAR-T Cells Against Gastric
            Cancer.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 2037)
  AUTHORS   Chen,X., Liu,X., Ren,X., Li,X., Wang,L. and Zang,W.
  TITLE     Discovery of human posterior head 20 (hPH20) and homo sapiens sperm
            acrosome associated 1 (hSPACA1) immunocontraceptive epitopes and
            their effects on fertility in male and female mice
  JOURNAL   Reprod Fertil Dev 28 (4), 416-427 (2016)
   PUBMED   25209425
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Human posterior head 20 (hPH20) and homo sapiens sperm
            acrosome associated 1 (hSPACA1) immunocontraceptive epitopes
            reduced fertility in male/female mice.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 2037)
  AUTHORS   Huang,Z., Zhao,C., Chen,Y., Cowell,J.A., Wei,G., Kultti,A.,
            Huang,L., Thompson,C.B., Rosengren,S., Frost,G.I. and Shepard,H.M.
  TITLE     Recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 does not stimulate an acute
            inflammatory response and inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced
            neutrophil recruitment in the air pouch model of inflammation
  JOURNAL   J Immunol 192 (11), 5285-5295 (2014)
   PUBMED   24778442
  REMARK    GeneRIF: results indicate that neither rHuPH20 nor its directly
            generated HA catabolites have inflammatory properties in the air
            pouch model, and rHuPH20 can instead inhibit some aspects of
            inflammation, such as neutrophil infiltration into the air pouch.
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 2037)
  AUTHORS   Jones,M.H., Davey,P.M., Aplin,H. and Affara,N.A.
  TITLE     Expression analysis, genomic structure, and mapping to 7q31 of the
            human sperm adhesion molecule gene SPAM1
  JOURNAL   Genomics 29 (3), 796-800 (1995)
   PUBMED   8575780
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 2037)
  AUTHORS   Lin,Y., Mahan,K., Lathrop,W.F., Myles,D.G. and Primakoff,P.
  TITLE     A hyaluronidase activity of the sperm plasma membrane protein PH-20
            enables sperm to penetrate the cumulus cell layer surrounding the
            egg
  JOURNAL   J Cell Biol 125 (5), 1157-1163 (1994)
   PUBMED   8195297
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 2037)
  AUTHORS   Gmachl,M., Sagan,S., Ketter,S. and Kreil,G.
  TITLE     The human sperm protein PH-20 has hyaluronidase activity
  JOURNAL   FEBS Lett 336 (3), 545-548 (1993)
   PUBMED   8282124
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 2037)
  AUTHORS   Lin,Y., Kimmel,L.H., Myles,D.G. and Primakoff,P.
  TITLE     Molecular cloning of the human and monkey sperm surface protein
            PH-20
  JOURNAL   Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90 (21), 10071-10075 (1993)
   PUBMED   8234258
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 2037)
  AUTHORS   Lathrop,W.F., Carmichael,E.P., Myles,D.G. and Primakoff,P.
  TITLE     cDNA cloning reveals the molecular structure of a sperm surface
            protein, PH-20, involved in sperm-egg adhesion and the wide
            distribution of its gene among mammals
  JOURNAL   J Cell Biol 111 (6 Pt 2), 2939-2949 (1990)
   PUBMED   2269661
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AY920279.1 and X84347.1.
            
            On Jun 2, 2019 this sequence version replaced NM_153189.2.
            
            Summary: Hyaluronidase degrades hyaluronic acid, a major structural
            proteoglycan found in extracellular matrices and basement
            membranes. Six members of the hyaluronidase family are clustered
            into two tightly linked groups on chromosome 3p21.3 and 7q31.3.
            This gene was previously referred to as HYAL1 and HYA1 and has
            since been assigned the official symbol SPAM1; another family
            member on chromosome 3p21.3 has been assigned HYAL1. This gene
            encodes a GPI-anchored enzyme located on the human sperm surface
            and inner acrosomal membrane. This multifunctional protein is a
            hyaluronidase that enables sperm to penetrate through the
            hyaluronic acid-rich cumulus cell layer surrounding the oocyte, a
            receptor that plays a role in hyaluronic acid induced cell
            signaling, and a receptor that is involved in sperm-zona pellucida
            adhesion. Abnormal expression of this gene in tumors has implicated
            this protein in degradation of basement membranes leading to tumor
            invasion and metastasis. Multiple transcript variants encoding
            different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by
            RefSeq, Mar 2010].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice
            pattern in the 3' coding region and 3' UTR, compared to variant 1,
            resulting in a shorter and distinct C-terminus (isoform 2).
            Variants 2-5 all encode the same isoform.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: AY920279.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1968968, SAMEA2148093
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match     :: ENST00000682466.1/ ENSP00000508393.1
            RefSeq Select criteria :: based on conservation, expression
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: complete on the 3' end.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-1011              AY920279.1         6-1016
            1012-2037           X84347.1           878-1903
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..2037
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="7"
                     /map="7q31.32"
     gene            1..2037
                     /gene="SPAM1"
                     /gene_synonym="HEL-S-96n; HYA1; HYAL1; HYAL3; HYAL5;
                     PH-20; PH20; SPAG15"
                     /note="sperm adhesion molecule 1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:6677"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:11217"
                     /db_xref="MIM:600930"
     exon            1..112
                     /gene="SPAM1"
                     /gene_synonym="HEL-S-96n; HYA1; HYAL1; HYAL3; HYAL5;
                     PH-20; PH20; SPAG15"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            113..224
                     /gene="SPAM1"
                     /gene_synonym="HEL-S-96n; HYA1; HYAL1; HYAL3; HYAL5;
                     PH-20; PH20; SPAG15"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            225..1384
                     /gene="SPAM1"
                     /gene_synonym="HEL-S-96n; HYA1; HYAL1; HYAL3; HYAL5;
                     PH-20; PH20; SPAG15"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             431..1960
                     /gene="SPAM1"
                     /gene_synonym="HEL-S-96n; HYA1; HYAL1; HYAL3; HYAL5;
                     PH-20; PH20; SPAG15"
                     /EC_number="3.2.1.35"
                     /note="isoform 2 is encoded by transcript variant 2; sperm
                     surface protein PH-20; hyaluronidase PH-20; hyal-PH20;
                     hyaluronoglucosaminidase PH-20; epididymis secretory sperm
                     binding protein Li 96n; sperm adhesion molecule 1 (PH-20
                     hyaluronidase, zona pellucida binding)"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="hyaluronidase PH-20 isoform 2"
                     /protein_id="NP_694859.1"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS5791.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:6677"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:11217"
                     /db_xref="MIM:600930"
                     /translation="MGVLKFKHIFFRSFVKSSGVSQIVFTFLLIPCCLTLNFRAPPVI
                     PNVPFLWAWNAPSEFCLGKFDEPLDMSLFSFIGSPRINATGQGVTIFYVDRLGYYPYI
                     DSITGVTVNGGIPQKISLQDHLDKAKKDITFYMPVDNLGMAVIDWEEWRPTWARNWKP
                     KDVYKNRSIELVQQQNVQLSLTEATEKAKQEFEKAGKDFLVETIKLGKLLRPNHLWGY
                     YLFPDCYNHHYKKPGYNGSCFNVEIKRNDDLSWLWNESTALYPSIYLNTQQSPVAATL
                     YVRNRVREAIRVSKIPDAKSPLPVFAYTRIVFTDQVLKFLSQDELVYTFGETVALGAS
                     GIVIWGTLSIMRSMKSCLLLDNYMETILNPYIINVTLAAKMCSQVLCQEQGVCIRKNW
                     NSSDYLHLNPDNFAIQLEKGGKFTVRGKPTLEDLEQFSEKFYCSCYSTLSCKEKADVK
                     DTDAVDVCIADGVCIDAFLKPPMETEEPQIFYNASPSTLSATMFIVSILFLIISSVAS
                     L"
     exon            1385..1474
                     /gene="SPAM1"
                     /gene_synonym="HEL-S-96n; HYA1; HYAL1; HYAL3; HYAL5;
                     PH-20; PH20; SPAG15"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1475..2037
                     /gene="SPAM1"
                     /gene_synonym="HEL-S-96n; HYA1; HYAL1; HYAL3; HYAL5;
                     PH-20; PH20; SPAG15"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      2019..2024
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="SPAM1"
                     /gene_synonym="HEL-S-96n; HYA1; HYAL1; HYAL3; HYAL5;
                     PH-20; PH20; SPAG15"
                     /note="hexamer: ATTAAA"
     polyA_site      2037
                     /gene="SPAM1"
                     /gene_synonym="HEL-S-96n; HYA1; HYAL1; HYAL3; HYAL5;
                     PH-20; PH20; SPAG15"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 agttgtcctg agagtgatga ctggctccac cttgatgtgg ctcacataaa ttcagaaagt
       61 atgatagcag tgtaggtggt tagcagcacc tcataaggtc cttcctagca agggatgcta
      121 atgactagcc aatgctctag gaagacattg agaccagcca acttcttgcc ttgataacta
      181 ctgaagagac attgggtggc tggattttga aagcagactt ctggttatag gtgatgcaac
      241 ttgaaaaaca atcctgaaac atgaaacaag aataataata tttaaatgta acttaatcat
      301 tatacctctt tatccatcaa agtgaattca ttccattccc tttcatctgt gctcatactt
      361 tgcatcagat attgggtaaa ccaaagtgtg taggaagaaa taaatgtttt catagtcatt
      421 actctttaca atgggagtgc taaaattcaa gcacatcttt ttcagaagct ttgttaaatc
      481 aagtggagta tcccagatag ttttcacctt ccttctgatt ccatgttgct tgactctgaa
      541 tttcagagca cctcctgtta ttccaaatgt gcctttcctc tgggcctgga atgccccaag
      601 tgaattttgt cttggaaaat ttgatgagcc actagatatg agcctcttct ctttcatagg
      661 aagcccccga ataaacgcca ccgggcaagg tgttacaata ttttatgttg atagacttgg
      721 ctactatcct tacatagatt caatcacagg agtaactgtg aatggaggaa tcccccagaa
      781 gatttcctta caagaccatc tggacaaagc taagaaagac attacatttt atatgccagt
      841 agacaatttg ggaatggctg ttattgactg ggaagaatgg agacccactt gggcaagaaa
      901 ctggaaacct aaagatgttt acaagaatag gtctattgaa ttggttcagc aacaaaatgt
      961 acaacttagt ctcacagagg ccactgagaa agcaaaacaa gaatttgaaa aggcagggaa
     1021 ggatttcctg gtagagacta taaaattggg aaaattactt cggccaaatc acttgtgggg
     1081 ttattatctt tttccggatt gttacaacca tcactataag aaacccggtt acaatggaag
     1141 ttgcttcaat gtagaaataa aaagaaatga tgatctcagc tggttgtgga atgaaagcac
     1201 tgctctttac ccatccattt atttgaacac tcagcagtct cctgtagctg ctacactcta
     1261 tgtgcgcaat cgagttcggg aagccatcag agtttccaaa atacctgatg caaaaagtcc
     1321 acttccggtt tttgcatata cccgcatagt ttttactgat caagttttga aattcctttc
     1381 tcaagatgaa cttgtgtata catttggcga aactgttgct ctgggtgctt ctggaattgt
     1441 aatatgggga accctcagta taatgcgaag tatgaaatct tgcttgctcc tagacaatta
     1501 catggagact atactgaatc cttacataat caacgtcaca ctagcagcca aaatgtgtag
     1561 ccaagtgctt tgccaggagc aaggagtgtg tataaggaaa aactggaatt caagtgacta
     1621 tcttcacctc aacccagata attttgctat tcaacttgag aaaggtggaa agttcacagt
     1681 acgtggaaaa ccgacacttg aagacctgga gcaattttct gaaaaatttt attgcagctg
     1741 ttatagcacc ttgagttgta aggagaaagc tgatgtaaaa gacactgatg ctgttgatgt
     1801 gtgtattgct gatggtgtct gtatagatgc ttttctaaaa cctcccatgg agacagaaga
     1861 acctcaaatt ttctacaatg cttcaccctc cacactatct gccacaatgt tcattgttag
     1921 tattttgttt cttatcattt cttctgtagc gagtttgtaa ttgcgcaggt tagctgaaat
     1981 gaacaatatg tccatcttaa agtgtgcttt ttcgactaat taaatctttg aaaagaa
//
