LOCUS       NM_001348364            3811 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 25-SEP-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 16
            (gene/pseudogene) (SIGLEC16), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_001348364
VERSION     NM_001348364.2
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; RefSeq Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 3811)
  AUTHORS   Thiesler,H., Gretenkort,L., Hoffmeister,L., Albers,I., Ohlmeier,L.,
            Rockle,I., Verhagen,A., Banan,R., Kopcke,N., Kronke,N.,
            Feuerhake,F., Behling,F., Barrantes-Freer,A., Mielke,D., Rohde,V.,
            Hong,B., Varki,A., Schwabe,K., Krauss,J.K., Stadelmann,C.,
            Hartmann,C. and Hildebrandt,H.
  TITLE     Proinflammatory Macrophage Activation by the Polysialic
            Acid-Siglec-16 Axis Is Linked to Increased Survival of Patients
            with Glioblastoma
  JOURNAL   Clin Cancer Res 29 (12), 2266-2279 (2023)
   PUBMED   37058255
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Proinflammatory Macrophage Activation by the Polysialic
            Acid-Siglec-16 Axis Is Linked to Increased Survival of Patients
            with Glioblastoma.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 3811)
  AUTHORS   Schwarz,F., Landig,C.S., Siddiqui,S., Secundino,I., Olson,J.,
            Varki,N., Nizet,V. and Varki,A.
  TITLE     Paired Siglec receptors generate opposite inflammatory responses to
            a human-specific pathogen
  JOURNAL   EMBO J 36 (6), 751-760 (2017)
   PUBMED   28100677
  REMARK    GeneRIF: The authors demonstrated that the human-specific pathogen
            Escherichia coli K1 uses its polysialic acid capsule as a molecular
            mimic to engage Siglec-11 and escape killing. In contrast,
            engagement of the activating counterpart Siglec-16 increases
            elimination of bacteria.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 3811)
  AUTHORS   Wang,X., Mitra,N., Cruz,P., Deng,L., Varki,N., Angata,T.,
            Green,E.D., Mullikin,J., Hayakawa,T. and Varki,A.
  CONSRTM   NISC Comparative Sequencing Program
  TITLE     Evolution of siglec-11 and siglec-16 genes in hominins
  JOURNAL   Mol Biol Evol 29 (8), 2073-2086 (2012)
   PUBMED   22383531
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 3811)
  AUTHORS   Cao,H., Lakner,U., de Bono,B., Traherne,J.A., Trowsdale,J. and
            Barrow,A.D.
  TITLE     SIGLEC16 encodes a DAP12-associated receptor expressed in
            macrophages that evolved from its inhibitory counterpart SIGLEC11
            and has functional and non-functional alleles in humans
  JOURNAL   Eur J Immunol 38 (8), 2303-2315 (2008)
   PUBMED   18629938
  REMARK    GeneRIF: SIGLEC16 encodes a DAP12-associated receptor expressed in
            macrophages that evolved from its inhibitory counterpart SIGLEC11
            and has functional and non-functional alleles in humans.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 3811)
  AUTHORS   Hayakawa,T., Angata,T., Lewis,A.L., Mikkelsen,T.S., Varki,N.M. and
            Varki,A.
  TITLE     A human-specific gene in microglia
  JOURNAL   Science 309 (5741), 1693 (2005)
   PUBMED   16151003
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 3811)
  AUTHORS   Grimwood,J., Gordon,L.A., Olsen,A., Terry,A., Schmutz,J.,
            Lamerdin,J., Hellsten,U., Goodstein,D., Couronne,O.,
            Tran-Gyamfi,M., Aerts,A., Altherr,M., Ashworth,L., Bajorek,E.,
            Black,S., Branscomb,E., Caenepeel,S., Carrano,A., Caoile,C.,
            Chan,Y.M., Christensen,M., Cleland,C.A., Copeland,A., Dalin,E.,
            Dehal,P., Denys,M., Detter,J.C., Escobar,J., Flowers,D.,
            Fotopulos,D., Garcia,C., Georgescu,A.M., Glavina,T., Gomez,M.,
            Gonzales,E., Groza,M., Hammon,N., Hawkins,T., Haydu,L., Ho,I.,
            Huang,W., Israni,S., Jett,J., Kadner,K., Kimball,H., Kobayashi,A.,
            Larionov,V., Leem,S.H., Lopez,F., Lou,Y., Lowry,S., Malfatti,S.,
            Martinez,D., McCready,P., Medina,C., Morgan,J., Nelson,K.,
            Nolan,M., Ovcharenko,I., Pitluck,S., Pollard,M., Popkie,A.P.,
            Predki,P., Quan,G., Ramirez,L., Rash,S., Retterer,J., Rodriguez,A.,
            Rogers,S., Salamov,A., Salazar,A., She,X., Smith,D., Slezak,T.,
            Solovyev,V., Thayer,N., Tice,H., Tsai,M., Ustaszewska,A., Vo,N.,
            Wagner,M., Wheeler,J., Wu,K., Xie,G., Yang,J., Dubchak,I.,
            Furey,T.S., DeJong,P., Dickson,M., Gordon,D., Eichler,E.E.,
            Pennacchio,L.A., Richardson,P., Stubbs,L., Rokhsar,D.S.,
            Myers,R.M., Rubin,E.M. and Lucas,S.M.
  TITLE     The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19
  JOURNAL   Nature 428 (6982), 529-535 (2004)
   PUBMED   15057824
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 3811)
  AUTHORS   Angata,T., Kerr,S.C., Greaves,D.R., Varki,N.M., Crocker,P.R. and
            Varki,A.
  TITLE     Cloning and characterization of human Siglec-11. A recently evolved
            signaling molecule that can interact with SHP-1 and SHP-2 and is
            expressed by tissue macrophages, including brain microglia
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 277 (27), 24466-24474 (2002)
   PUBMED   11986327
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 3811)
  AUTHORS   Angata,T., Varki,N.M. and Varki,A.
  TITLE     A second uniquely human mutation affecting sialic acid biology
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 276 (43), 40282-40287 (2001)
   PUBMED   11546777
COMMENT     VALIDATED REFSEQ: This record has undergone validation or
            preliminary review. The reference sequence was derived from
            AK301031.1, BC030222.1 and AC011452.6.
            
            On Nov 3, 2018 this sequence version replaced NM_001348364.1.
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the functional
            allele encoding the full-length protein.
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the
            reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the
            transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: EU330985.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA2142670, SAMEA2145245
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            CDS uses downstream in-frame AUG :: upstream AUG and CDS extension
                                                is not conserved
            polymorphic pseudogene           :: PMID: 18629938, 22383531
            RefSeq Select criteria           :: based on single protein-coding
                                                transcript
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-230               AK301031.1         65-294
            231-442             BC030222.1         240-451
            443-918             AK301031.1         507-982
            919-948             AC011452.6         77796-77825
            949-1072            AK301031.1         1013-1136
            1073-1218           AC011452.6         78361-78506
            1219-1610           AK301031.1         1283-1674
            1611-2774           AC011452.6         80118-81281
            2775-3811           BC030222.1         568-1604
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..3811
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="19"
                     /map="19q13.33"
     gene            1..3811
                     /gene="SIGLEC16"
                     /gene_synonym="Siglec-P16; SIGLECP16"
                     /note="sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 16
                     (gene/pseudogene)"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:400709"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:24851"
     exon            1..78
                     /gene="SIGLEC16"
                     /gene_synonym="Siglec-P16; SIGLECP16"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             39..1484
                     /gene="SIGLEC16"
                     /gene_synonym="Siglec-P16; SIGLECP16"
                     /note="sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin, pseudogene 16;
                     sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 16;
                     siglec-16; sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 16"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 16 precursor"
                     /protein_id="NP_001335293.2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:400709"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:24851"
                     /translation="MLLLPLLLPVLGAGSLNKDPSYSLQVQRQVPVPEGLCVIVSCNL
                     SYPRDGWDESTAAYGYWFKGWTSPKTGAPVATNNQSREVEMSTRDRFQLTGDPGKGSC
                     SLVIRDAQREDEAWYFFRVERGSRVRHSFVNNLFFLKVTALTQKPDVYIPETLEPGQP
                     VTVICVFNWAFKKCPAPSFSWTGAALSPRRTRPSTSHFSVLSFTPSPQDHDTDLTCHV
                     DFSRKGVSAQRTVRLRVASLELQGNVIYLEVQKGQFLRLLCAADSQPPATLSWVLQDR
                     VLSSSHPWGPRTLGLELRGVRAGDSGRYTCRAENRLGSQQRALDLSVQYPPENLRVMV
                     SQANRTVLENLRNGTSLRVLEGQSLRLVCVTHSSPPARLSWTRWGQTVGPSQPSDPGV
                     LELPRVQMEHEGEFTCHARHPLGSQRVSLSFSVHCKSGPMTGVVLVAVGEVAMKILLL
                     CLCLILLRVRSCRRKAARAALGMEAADAVTD"
     exon            79..462
                     /gene="SIGLEC16"
                     /gene_synonym="Siglec-P16; SIGLECP16"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            463..747
                     /gene="SIGLEC16"
                     /gene_synonym="Siglec-P16; SIGLECP16"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            748..1011
                     /gene="SIGLEC16"
                     /gene_synonym="Siglec-P16; SIGLECP16"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1012..1059
                     /gene="SIGLEC16"
                     /gene_synonym="Siglec-P16; SIGLECP16"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1060..1317
                     /gene="SIGLEC16"
                     /gene_synonym="Siglec-P16; SIGLECP16"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1318..1411
                     /gene="SIGLEC16"
                     /gene_synonym="Siglec-P16; SIGLECP16"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1412..1491
                     /gene="SIGLEC16"
                     /gene_synonym="Siglec-P16; SIGLECP16"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            1492..3811
                     /gene="SIGLEC16"
                     /gene_synonym="Siglec-P16; SIGLECP16"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      3793..3798
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="SIGLEC16"
                     /gene_synonym="Siglec-P16; SIGLECP16"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      3811
                     /gene="SIGLEC16"
                     /gene_synonym="Siglec-P16; SIGLECP16"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 agatggtccc gggacaggcc cagccccaga gcccagagat gctgctgctg cccctgctgc
       61 tgcccgtgct gggggcgggg tccctgaaca aggatcccag ttacagtctt caagtgcaga
      121 ggcaggtgcc ggtgccggag ggcctgtgtg tcatcgtgtc ttgcaacctc tcctaccccc
      181 gggatggctg ggacgagtct actgctgctt atggctactg gttcaaagga tggaccagcc
      241 caaagacggg tgctcctgtg gccactaaca accagagtcg agaggtggaa atgagcaccc
      301 gggaccgatt ccagctcact ggggatcccg gcaaagggag ctgctccttg gtgatcagag
      361 acgcgcagag ggaggatgag gcatggtact tctttcgggt ggagagagga agccgtgtga
      421 gacatagttt cgtgaacaat ttgttctttc taaaagtaac agccctgact cagaagcctg
      481 atgtctacat ccccgagacc ctggagcccg ggcagccggt gacggtcatc tgtgtgttta
      541 actgggcttt caagaaatgt ccagcccctt ctttctcctg gacgggggct gccctctccc
      601 ctagaagaac cagaccaagc acctcccact tctcagtgct cagcttcacg cccagccccc
      661 aggaccacga caccgacctc acctgccatg tggacttctc cagaaagggt gtgagcgcac
      721 agaggaccgt ccgactccgt gtggcctccc tggaactcca gggaaacgtc atatatctgg
      781 aagttcagaa aggccagttc ctgcggctcc tctgtgctgc tgacagccag ccccctgcca
      841 cgctgagctg ggtcctgcag gacagagtcc tctcctcgtc ccacccctgg ggccccagaa
      901 ccctggggct ggagctgcgt ggggtaaggg ccggggattc agggcgctac acctgccgag
      961 cggagaacag gcttggctcc cagcagcgag ccctggacct ctctgtgcag tatcctccag
     1021 agaacctgag agtgatggtt tcccaagcaa acaggacagt cctggaaaac ctgaggaacg
     1081 gcacatccct ccgggtcctg gagggccaaa gcctgcgtct ggtctgtgtc acacacagca
     1141 gccccccagc caggctgagc tggacccggt ggggacagac cgtgggcccc tcccagccct
     1201 cagaccctgg ggtcctggag ctgcctcggg ttcaaatgga gcacgaagga gagttcacct
     1261 gccacgctcg gcacccgctg ggctcccagc gcgtctctct cagcttctcc gtgcactgca
     1321 aatcagggcc catgacgggg gtggttctgg tggctgttgg ggaggtggct atgaagatcc
     1381 tgcttctctg cctctgcctc atcctcctca gagtgaggtc ttgcaggagg aaggcagcaa
     1441 gggcagcatt gggcatggag gctgcagacg ctgtcacgga ctaatctcca gactccagac
     1501 tgcttccaga tgcctcctca tccagttcct ccacagtctg agcggccgtg tttcctctgc
     1561 aggctttgca tggtctgtcc cctgctggac tctcctgatc cctcctttcc ctgtcaccca
     1621 acatctcccc aaaccctccg ggccaaggac tctgcggctc ttgacacttt gcacgtgtag
     1681 tttcttctcc tgaaacaccc ttccctcctg ccaaaccacg tctggaccct ccttcaggtt
     1741 cacttttttt tttttttttt gagacacagt ctcactttgt cacccaggct ggagtgcagt
     1801 ggcgcgatct cggctcactg caacctctgt ctcccaggtt caagcgattc tcatgtctca
     1861 gcctcctgag tagctgggat tataggcgcc cgccaccacg cctggctcat ttttgtattt
     1921 ttggtagaga cagggtttca ccatgtcggc caggctggtc ttgaactccc gacttcaggt
     1981 gatccgccag cctcggcctc ccaaagtggt ggggttacat gtgtgagcca ccgtgcccag
     2041 ccagctgtgt cttctttttg caggatttac ttacaaaatt ccttgcagct gcagtctgcg
     2101 ttccacccac atcctaatat ggtgtttgcg gtggtcacat ccaacttcct tcctcctcca
     2161 tccatggaac gtgcattagg gaggaaccac acgcaccacg tgcaagatga gccagttccc
     2221 tgaacggccg gccacggcgt taaccgcgct gctctgggct ctgcacgtct catctgctga
     2281 ggcgcattac tgcatctttc atgcagaact tgctttccat gcctcacatc tccacatgtg
     2341 tggggatatg tcctgagaaa tgcacggtta ggtgattctg tcgtgtgagc atccttgaat
     2401 gtgcttacac agtcataaat ggtacagcct accacacgcc gaggctatac ggtatagccc
     2461 attgctccta gactatacac ctgcacggca tgttcctgta gtgaaagctg taggcaatta
     2521 taacgcaatg gataggttaa agacagagtt ttagtaaaaa tatggcataa taggccaggc
     2581 gtggtggctc atgcctgtaa tcccagcact ttgggaggcc aaggcaggca gatcacaagg
     2641 tcaggagttt gagaccagcc tggccaatat ggtgaaaccc agtctctact aaaaatacaa
     2701 aaattagccg ggtgtggtgg cgggcgcctg tagtcccagc tactcgggag gctgaggcag
     2761 aagaatcatt tgaaccagga ggtggaggtt gcagtgagcc gagatcgcat cactgcactc
     2821 cagcctgggc gacagagcaa gactgtctca aaaactaaaa caaaaaaaca ccaccaccac
     2881 caccaatgtc tgattaaatc taagccacgg ttccattttg gggcaagggg cagggtgtgg
     2941 gtgtggtgga cagagaacgg gctccagcca ccatcagctg cacgtcctgg tagcacctga
     3001 gccattccca gtctcctgtg ctgggagatc atcatctaat cctgatgatg acgccctcct
     3061 ctcagagctc gggggatgag ctgccaaaac ccatggaggt tcaaaacccg ggctctggag
     3121 acagaagaca ctgggctcag agacatgggg ccactgtcca ggctttccct gggcctggac
     3181 ctgggctcct tccactgtct gagcagggtc agcctgggct ggctgtgctg gttcaagaga
     3241 tgagggagga ggacacagcg gttgccagga ccctgaggca ctggactggg cactgcccca
     3301 aggggcagag gatggaaccc ggtgttgata ttgtgatgct gacccgtctg ctcacctgat
     3361 ttgggtgctg aagggcagct gaccccccta atcttttata gacttgtgaa acgaaaataa
     3421 ataaaagtca agctgggaac agcttagggc aaacctgcct cccattctat tcaaagccac
     3481 ccctctgctc actgagatag atgcatgtct gatcacctca gttgggaaag gctaatcaga
     3541 aactccaaag aatgcatctg ttcatctctc acccatctgt gacctggaag ccccctcccc
     3601 acttcgagtc ttcctgcctt tgcttcaagt tttcccgcct ttccaaatgg aaccaaagta
     3661 cttcttacat atagtgactc atgtctcaag tctccctaaa acgtataaaa ctaagctgtg
     3721 ccccaaccac gctgaccatg tcatcaggac ctcctgaggc tgtgtcacgg cctgtgtcct
     3781 caaccttggc aaaataaact ttctaaatta a
//
