LOCUS       NM_030754                576 bp    mRNA    linear   PRI 17-MAR-2024
DEFINITION  Homo sapiens serum amyloid A2 (SAA2), transcript variant 1, mRNA.
ACCESSION   NM_030754
VERSION     NM_030754.5
KEYWORDS    RefSeq; MANE Select.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (bases 1 to 576)
  AUTHORS   Kawakami,Y., Kajita,A., Hasui,K.I., Matsuda,Y., Iwatsuki,K. and
            Morizane,S.
  TITLE     Elevated expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum amyloid A
            (SAA) in the skin and the serum of recessive dystrophic
            epidermolysis bullosa: Skin as a possible source of IL-6 through
            Toll-like receptor ligands and SAA
  JOURNAL   Exp Dermatol 33 (3), e15040 (2024)
   PUBMED   38429888
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Elevated expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum
            amyloid A (SAA) in the skin and the serum of recessive dystrophic
            epidermolysis bullosa: Skin as a possible source of IL-6 through
            Toll-like receptor ligands and SAA.
REFERENCE   2  (bases 1 to 576)
  AUTHORS   Smole,U., Gour,N., Phelan,J., Hofer,G., Kohler,C., Kratzer,B.,
            Tauber,P.A., Xiao,X., Yao,N., Dvorak,J., Caraballo,L., Puerta,L.,
            Rosskopf,S., Chakir,J., Malle,E., Lane,A.P., Pickl,W.F., Lajoie,S.
            and Wills-Karp,M.
  TITLE     Serum amyloid A is a soluble pattern recognition receptor that
            drives type 2 immunity
  JOURNAL   Nat Immunol 21 (7), 756-765 (2020)
   PUBMED   32572240
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Serum amyloid A is a soluble pattern recognition receptor
            that drives type 2 immunity.
REFERENCE   3  (bases 1 to 576)
  AUTHORS   Luck,K., Kim,D.K., Lambourne,L., Spirohn,K., Begg,B.E., Bian,W.,
            Brignall,R., Cafarelli,T., Campos-Laborie,F.J., Charloteaux,B.,
            Choi,D., Cote,A.G., Daley,M., Deimling,S., Desbuleux,A., Dricot,A.,
            Gebbia,M., Hardy,M.F., Kishore,N., Knapp,J.J., Kovacs,I.A.,
            Lemmens,I., Mee,M.W., Mellor,J.C., Pollis,C., Pons,C.,
            Richardson,A.D., Schlabach,S., Teeking,B., Yadav,A., Babor,M.,
            Balcha,D., Basha,O., Bowman-Colin,C., Chin,S.F., Choi,S.G.,
            Colabella,C., Coppin,G., D'Amata,C., De Ridder,D., De Rouck,S.,
            Duran-Frigola,M., Ennajdaoui,H., Goebels,F., Goehring,L., Gopal,A.,
            Haddad,G., Hatchi,E., Helmy,M., Jacob,Y., Kassa,Y., Landini,S.,
            Li,R., van Lieshout,N., MacWilliams,A., Markey,D., Paulson,J.N.,
            Rangarajan,S., Rasla,J., Rayhan,A., Rolland,T., San-Miguel,A.,
            Shen,Y., Sheykhkarimli,D., Sheynkman,G.M., Simonovsky,E., Tasan,M.,
            Tejeda,A., Tropepe,V., Twizere,J.C., Wang,Y., Weatheritt,R.J.,
            Weile,J., Xia,Y., Yang,X., Yeger-Lotem,E., Zhong,Q., Aloy,P.,
            Bader,G.D., De Las Rivas,J., Gaudet,S., Hao,T., Rak,J.,
            Tavernier,J., Hill,D.E., Vidal,M., Roth,F.P. and Calderwood,M.A.
  TITLE     A reference map of the human binary protein interactome
  JOURNAL   Nature 580 (7803), 402-408 (2020)
   PUBMED   32296183
REFERENCE   4  (bases 1 to 576)
  AUTHORS   Zheng,H., Li,H., Zhang,J., Fan,H., Jia,L., Ma,W., Ma,S., Wang,S.,
            You,H., Yin,Z. and Li,X.
  TITLE     Serum amyloid A exhibits pH dependent antibacterial action and
            contributes to host defense against Staphylococcus aureus cutaneous
            infection
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 295 (9), 2570-2581 (2020)
   PUBMED   31819008
  REMARK    GeneRIF: SAA2 displays antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and
            E. coli.
REFERENCE   5  (bases 1 to 576)
  AUTHORS   Jumeau,C., Awad,F., Assrawi,E., Cobret,L., Duquesnoy,P.,
            Giurgea,I., Valeyre,D., Grateau,G., Amselem,S., Bernaudin,J.F. and
            Karabina,S.A.
  TITLE     Expression of SAA1, SAA2 and SAA4 genes in human primary monocytes
            and monocyte-derived macrophages
  JOURNAL   PLoS One 14 (5), e0217005 (2019)
   PUBMED   31100086
  REMARK    GeneRIF: after stimulation by various pro-inflammatory conditions,
            changes in SAA1, SAA2 and SAA4 gene expression at both the
            transcriptional and protein levels were evaluated during maturation
            of freshly collected human monocytes into macrophages.
            Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   6  (bases 1 to 576)
  AUTHORS   Prakash,T., Sharma,V.K., Adati,N., Ozawa,R., Kumar,N., Nishida,Y.,
            Fujikake,T., Takeda,T. and Taylor,T.D.
  TITLE     Expression of conjoined genes: another mechanism for gene
            regulation in eukaryotes
  JOURNAL   PLoS One 5 (10), e13284 (2010)
   PUBMED   20967262
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   7  (bases 1 to 576)
  AUTHORS   Betts,J.C., Edbrooke,M.R., Thakker,R.V. and Woo,P.
  TITLE     The human acute-phase serum amyloid A gene family: structure,
            evolution and expression in hepatoma cells
  JOURNAL   Scand J Immunol 34 (4), 471-482 (1991)
   PUBMED   1656519
REFERENCE   8  (bases 1 to 576)
  AUTHORS   Zimlichman,S., Danon,A., Nathan,I., Mozes,G. and
            Shainkin-Kestenbaum,R.
  TITLE     Serum amyloid A, an acute phase protein, inhibits platelet
            activation
  JOURNAL   J Lab Clin Med 116 (2), 180-186 (1990)
   PUBMED   1697614
REFERENCE   9  (bases 1 to 576)
  AUTHORS   Steinkasserer,A., Weiss,E.H., Schwaeble,W. and Linke,R.P.
  TITLE     Heterogeneity of human serum amyloid A protein. Five different
            variants from one individual demonstrated by cDNA sequence analysis
  JOURNAL   Biochem J 268 (1), 187-193 (1990)
   PUBMED   1971508
REFERENCE   10 (bases 1 to 576)
  AUTHORS   Woo,P., Sipe,J., Dinarello,C.A. and Colten,H.R.
  TITLE     Structure of a human serum amyloid A gene and modulation of its
            expression in transfected L cells
  JOURNAL   J Biol Chem 262 (32), 15790-15795 (1987)
   PUBMED   2890635
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from AC090099.14, BC020795.1,
            M23700.1 and X51445.1.
            
            On Jun 2, 2019 this sequence version replaced NM_030754.4.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a member of the serum amyloid A family
            of apolipoproteins. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically
            processed to generate the mature protein. This protein is a major
            acute phase protein that is highly expressed in response to
            inflammation and tissue injury. This protein also plays an
            important role in HDL metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. High
            levels of this protein are associated with chronic inflammatory
            diseases including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis,
            Alzheimer's disease and Crohn's disease. This protein may also be a
            potential biomarker for certain tumors. Finally, antimicrobial
            activity against S. aureus and E. coli resides in the N-terminal
            portion of the mature protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020].
            
            Transcript Variant: This variant (1) differs in the 5' UTR compared
            to variant 3. Variants 1 and 3 both encode the same isoform (a).
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: BG563031.1, ERR279846.6026.1
                                           [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA2142680, SAMEA2153980
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
            
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-START##
            MANE Ensembl match                 :: ENST00000256733.9/
                                                  ENSP00000256733.5
            Protein has antimicrobial activity :: PMID: 31819008
            RefSeq Select criteria             :: based on conservation,
                                                  expression, longest protein
            ##RefSeq-Attributes-END##
            COMPLETENESS: full length.
PRIMARY     REFSEQ_SPAN         PRIMARY_IDENTIFIER PRIMARY_SPAN        COMP
            1-33                AC090099.14        2507-2539
            34-285              BC020795.1         1-252
            286-286             AC090099.14        5251-5251
            287-439             M23700.1           217-369
            440-561             X51445.1           361-482
            562-576             AC090099.14        5921-5935
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..576
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /mol_type="mRNA"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="11"
                     /map="11p15.1"
     gene            1..576
                     /gene="SAA2"
                     /gene_synonym="SAA; SAA1"
                     /note="serum amyloid A2"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:6289"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:10514"
                     /db_xref="MIM:104751"
     exon            1..66
                     /gene="SAA2"
                     /gene_synonym="SAA; SAA1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            67..161
                     /gene="SAA2"
                     /gene_synonym="SAA; SAA1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     CDS             71..439
                     /gene="SAA2"
                     /gene_synonym="SAA; SAA1"
                     /note="isoform a preproprotein is encoded by transcript
                     variant 1; serum amyloid A-2 protein; Serum amyloid A-1
                     protein"
                     /codon_start=1
                     /product="serum amyloid A-2 protein isoform a
                     preproprotein"
                     /protein_id="NP_110381.2"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS7833.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:6289"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:10514"
                     /db_xref="MIM:104751"
                     /translation="MKLLTGLVFCSLVLSVSSRSFFSFLGEAFDGARDMWRAYSDMRE
                     ANYIGSDKYFHARGNYDAAKRGPGGAWAAEVISNARENIQRLTGRGAEDSLADQAANK
                     WGRSGRDPNHFRPAGLPEKY"
     exon            162..300
                     /gene="SAA2"
                     /gene_synonym="SAA; SAA1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     exon            301..576
                     /gene="SAA2"
                     /gene_synonym="SAA; SAA1"
                     /inference="alignment:Splign:2.1.0"
     regulatory      555..560
                     /regulatory_class="polyA_signal_sequence"
                     /gene="SAA2"
                     /gene_synonym="SAA; SAA1"
                     /note="hexamer: AATAAA"
     polyA_site      576
                     /gene="SAA2"
                     /gene_synonym="SAA; SAA1"
                     /note="major polyA site"
ORIGIN      
        1 actataaata gcagccacct ctccctggca gacagggacc cgcagctcag ctacagcaca
       61 gatcagcacc atgaagcttc tcacgggcct ggttttctgc tccttggtcc tgagtgtcag
      121 cagccgaagc ttcttttcgt tccttggcga ggcttttgat ggggctcggg acatgtggag
      181 agcctactct gacatgagag aagccaatta catcggctca gacaaatact tccatgctcg
      241 ggggaactat gatgctgcca aaaggggacc tgggggtgcc tgggctgcag aagtgatcag
      301 caatgccaga gagaatatcc agagactcac aggccgtggt gcggaggact cgctggccga
      361 tcaggctgcc aataaatggg gcaggagtgg cagagacccc aatcacttcc gacctgctgg
      421 cctgcctgag aaatactgag cttcctcttc actctgctct caggagacct ggctatgagg
      481 ccctcggggc agggatacaa agttagtgag gtctatgtcc agagaagctg agatatggca
      541 tataataggc atctaataaa tgcttaagag gtggaa
//
